Death and the Miser: microbiota regulate the outcome of checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy

References

• Zamora AE, Crawford JC, Thomas PG. Hitting the target: how T cells detect and eliminate tumors. J Iimmunol. 2018 Jan 15;200(2):392–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aptsiauri N, Ruiz-Cabello F, Garrido F. The transition from HLA-I positive to HLA-I negative primary tumors: the road to escape from T-cell responses. Curr Opin Immunol. 2018 Apr;51:123–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Concha-Benavente F, Srivastava R, Ferrone S, et al. Immunological and clinical significance of HLA class I antigen processing machinery component defects in malignant cells. Oral Oncol. 2016;58:52–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schachter J, Ribas A, Long GV, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for advanced melanoma: final overall survival results of a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-006). Lancet. 2017 Oct 21;390(10105):1853–1862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper MR, Alrajhi AM, Durand CR. Role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in small cell lung cancer. Am J Ther. 2018 May/Jun;25(3):e349–e356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borcoman E, Le Tourneau C. Pembrolizumab in cervical cancer: latest evidence and clinical usefulness. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2017 Jun;9(6):431–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lugowska I, Teterycz P, Rutkowski P. Immunotherapy of melanoma. Contemp Oncol. 2018 Mar;22(1a):61–67.
   Google Scholar
• Pakkala S, Owonikoko TK. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis. 2018 Feb;10(Suppl 3):S460–s467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homet Moreno B, Mok S, Comin-Anduix B, et al. Combined treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib with immune-stimulating antibodies for BRAF mutant melanoma. Oncoimmunology. 2016 Jul;5(7):e1052212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder A, Makarov V, Merghoub T, et al. Genetic basis for clinical response to CTLA-4 blockade in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2014 Dec 4;371(23):2189–2199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizvi NA, Hellmann MD, Snyder A, et al. Cancer immunology. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):124–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGranahan N, Furness AJ, Rosenthal R, et al. Clonal neoantigens elicit T cell immunoreactivity and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade. Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1463–1469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luksza M, Riaz N, Makarov V, et al. A neoantigen fitness model predicts tumour response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Nature. 2017 Nov 23;551(7681):517–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espi Forcen F, Espi Forcen C. Ars Moriendi: coping with death in the late Middle Ages. Palliative Supportive Care. 2016 Oct;14(5):553–560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim D, Zeng MY, Nunez G. The interplay between host immune cells and gut microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases. Exp Mol Med. 2017 May 26;49(5):e339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matson V, Fessler J, Bao R, et al. The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. Science. 2018 Jan 5;359(6371):104–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gopalakrishnan V, Spencer CN, Nezi L, et al. Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Science. 2018 Jan 5;359(6371):97–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Routy B, Le Chatelier E, Derosa L, et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science. 2018 Jan 5;359(6371):91–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vetizou M, Pitt JM, Daillere R, et al. Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota. Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1079–1084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman MS, Davis I, Pillai DR. Success of self-administered home fecal transplantation for chronic Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 May;8(5):471–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merenstein D, El-Nachef N, Lynch SV. Fecal microbial therapy: promises and pitfalls. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Aug;59(2):157–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanoue T, Morita S, Plichta DR, et al. A defined commensal consortium elicits CD8 T cells and anti-cancer immunity. Nature. 2019 Jan;565(7741):600–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terveer EM, van Beurden YH, Goorhuis A, et al. How to: establish and run a stool bank. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017 Dec;23(12):924–930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hefazi M, Patnaik MM, Hogan WJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in patients with cancer treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy: a single-institution retrospective case series. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017 Nov;92(11):1617–1624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng YW, Phelps E, Ganapini V, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent and severe Clostridium difficile infection in solid organ transplant recipients: a multicenter experience. Am J Transplant. 2019 Feb;19(2):501–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter M, Colville A. Adverse events in faecal microbiota transplant: a review of the literature. J Hosp Infect. 2016 Feb;92(2):117–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arpaia N, Campbell C, Fan X, et al. Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation. Nature. 2013 Dec 19;504(7480):451–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kespohl M, Vachharajani N, Luu M, et al. The microbial metabolite butyrate induces expression of Th1-associated factors in CD4(+) T Cells. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivan A, Corrales L, Hubert N, et al. Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy. Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1084–1089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Wiesnoski DH, Helmink BA, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis. Nat Med. 2018;24(12):1804–1808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T, Zheng N, Luo Q, et al. Probiotics Lactobacillus reuteri abrogates immune checkpoint blockade-associated colitis by inhibiting group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar