265
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Hot topics in renal cancer pathology: implications for clinical management

, , , , , , , , , ORCID Icon, , , , , ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 1275-1287 | Received 19 Apr 2022, Accepted 07 Nov 2022, Published online: 08 Dec 2022

References

  • Marconi L, Sun M, Beisland C, et al. Prevalence, disease-free, and overall survival of contemporary patients with renal cell carcinoma eligible for adjuvant checkpoint inhibitor trials. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2021;19(2):e92–e99.
  • Haas NB, Manola J, Dutcher JP, et al. Adjuvant treatment for high-risk clear cell renal cancer: updated results of a high-risk subset of the assure randomized trial. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(9):1249–1252.
  • Motzer RJ, Haas NB, Donskov F, et al. Randomized phase iii trial of adjuvant pazopanib versus placebo after nephrectomy in patients with localized or locally advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(35):3916–3923.
  • Gross-Goupil M, Kwon TG, Eto M, et al. Axitinib versus placebo as an adjuvant treatment of renal cell carcinoma: results from the phase III, randomized ATLAS trial. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(12):2371–2378.
  • Ravaud A, Motzer RJ, Pandha HS, et al. Adjuvant sunitinib in high-risk renal-cell carcinoma after nephrectomy. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(23):2246–2254.
  • Eisen T, Frangou E, Oza B, et al. Adjuvant Sorafenib for renal cell carcinoma at intermediate or high risk of relapse: results from the sorce randomized phase iii intergroup trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(34):4064–4075.
  • Choueiri TK, Tomczak P, Park SH, et al. Adjuvant pembrolizumab after nephrectomy in renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(8):683–694.
  • NCCN Guidelines Version 2022 https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1440 Accessed on 2022 Sept 12.
  • EAU Guidelines. Edn. presented at the EAU Annual Congress Amsterdam 2022, Amsterdam. 2022.
  • Powles T, Albiges L, Bex A, et al. ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline update on the use of immunotherapy in early stage and advanced renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2021;32(12):1511–1519.
  • Motzer RJ, Russo P, Gruenwald V, et al. Adjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab (NIVO+IPI) vs placebo (PBO) for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at high risk of relapse after nephrectomy: results from the randomized, phase 3 CheckMate 914 trial. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(suppl_7):S808–S869.
  • Pal SK, Uzzo R, Karam JA, et al., Adjuvant atezolizumab versus placebo for patients with renal cell carcinoma at increased risk of recurrence following resection (IMmotion010): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial, Lancet 2022 Sep 9 S0140-6736 22 1658.
  • Allaf M, Kim SE, Harshman LC, et al. LBA67 - Phase III randomized study comparing perioperative nivolumab (nivo) versus observation in patients (Pts) with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing nephrectomy (PROSPER, ECOG-ACRIN EA8143), a national clinical trials network trial. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(suppl_7):S808–S869.
  • Magee DE, Kutikov A. Re: adjuvant pembrolizumab after nephrectomy in renal-cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2022;81(3):317–318.
  • Ghisoni E, Wicky A, Bouchaab H, et al. Late-onset and long-lasting immune-related adverse events from immune checkpoint-inhibitors: an overlooked aspect in immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2021;149:153–164.
  • Thompson RH, Blute ML, Krambeck AE, et al. Patients with pT1 renal cell carcinoma who die from disease after nephrectomy may have unrecognized renal sinus fat invasion. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:1089–1093.
  • Williamson SR, Rao P, Hes O, et al. Challenges in pathologic staging of renal cell carcinoma: a study of interobserver variability among urologic pathologists. Am J Surg Pathol. 2018;42(9):1253–1261.
  • Cimadamore A, Gasparrini S, Santoni M, et al. Biomarkers of aggressiveness in genitourinary tumors with emphasis on kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2018;18(7):645–655.
  • Delahunt B, Cheville JC, Martignoni G, et al. Members of the ISUP renal tumor panel. the international society of urological pathology (ISUP) grading system for renal cell carcinoma and other prognostic parameters. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013;37(10):1490–1504.
  • Browning L, Colling R, Verrill C. WHO/ISUP grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma; validation of grading on the digital pathology platform and perspectives on reproducibility of grade. Diagn Pathol. 2021;16(1):75.
  • Cheville JC, Lohse CM, Zincke H, et al. Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: an examination of underlying histologic subtype and an analysis of associations with patient outcome. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(4):435–441.
  • Dagher J, Delahunt B, Rioux-Leclercq N, et al. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma: validation of World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology grading. Histopathology. 2017;71(6):918–925.
  • Delahunt B, McKenney JK, Lohse CM, et al. A novel grading system for clear cell renal cell carcinoma incorporating tumor necrosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013;37(3):311–322.
  • Fenstermaker M, Tomlins SA, Singh K, et al. Development and validation of a deep-learning model to assist with renal cell carcinoma histopathologic interpretation. Urology. 2020;144:152–157.
  • Jones TD, Eble JN, Wang M, et al. Clonal divergence and genetic heterogeneity in clear cell renal cell carcinomas with sarcomatoid transformation. Cancer. 2005;104(6):1195–1203.
  • Peralta-Venturina M D, Moch H, Amin M, et al. Sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma: a study of 101 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25(3):275–284.
  • Amin MB, Paner GP, Alvarado-Cabrero I, et al. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: histomorphologic characteristics and evaluation of conventional pathologic prognostic parameters in 145 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32(12):1822–1834.
  • Mian BM, Bhadkamkar N, Slaton JW, et al. Prognostic factors and survival of patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. J Urol. 2002;167(1):65–70.
  • Merrill MM, Wood CG, Tannir NM, et al. Clinically nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation: natural history and outcomes after surgical resection with curative intent. Urol Oncol. 2015;33:166.e21–9.
  • Zhang BY, Thompson RH, Lohse CM, et al. A novel prognostic model for patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int. 2015;115:405–441.
  • Kim T, Zargar-Shoshtari K, Dhillon J, et al. Using percentage of sarcomatoid differentiation as a prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2015;13:225–230.
  • Malouf GG, Ali SM, Wang K, et al. Genomic characterization of renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation pinpoints recurrent genomic alterations. Eur Urol. 2016;70(2):348–357.
  • Bakouny Z, Braun DA, Shukla SA, et al. Integrative molecular characterization of sarcomatoid and rhabdoid renal cell carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):808.
  • Gokden N, Nappi O, Swanson PE, et al. Renal cell carcinoma with rhabdoid features. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(10):1329–1338.
  • Leroy X, Zini L, Buob L, et al. Renal cell carcinoma with rhabdoid features: an aggressive neoplasm with overexpression of p53. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007;31(1):102–108.
  • Williamson SR, Kum JB, Goheen MP, et al. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma with a syncytial-type multinucleated giant tumor cell component: implications for differential diagnosis. Hum Pathol. 2014;45(4):735–744.
  • Berzal Cantalejo F, Sabater Marco V, Alonso Hernández S, et al. Syncytial giant cell component. Review of 55 renal cell carcinomas. Histol Histopathol. 2004;19(1):113–118.
  • Lloreta J, Bielsa O, Munné A, et al. Renal cell carcinoma with syncytial giant cell component. Virchows Arch. 2002;440(3):330–333.
  • Bonsib SM. Renal lymphatics, and lymphatic involvement in sinus vein invasive (pT3b) clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a study of 40 cases. Mod Pathol. 2006;19(5):746–753.
  • Bonsib SM, Gibson D, Mhoon M, et al. Renal sinus involvement in renal cell carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(3):451–458.
  • Taneja K, Arora S, Rogers CG, et al. Pathologic staging of renal cell carcinoma: a review of 300 consecutive cases with emphasis on retrograde venous invasion. Histopathology. 2018;73(4):681–691.
  • Guo P, Wang Y, Han Y, et al. Oncological outcomes of patients with different pathological features of pT3a renal tumor: a systematic review and quantitative synthesis. Front Oncol. 2021;11:678459.
  • Williamson SR, Taneja K, Cheng L. Renal cell carcinoma staging: pitfalls, challenges, and updates. Histopathology. 2019;74(1):18–30.
  • Sorbellini M, Kattan MW, Snyder ME, et al. A postoperative prognostic nomogram predicting recurrence for patients with conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Urol. 2005;173:48–51.
  • Isbarn H, Patard JJ, Lughezzani G, et al. Limited prognostic value of tumor necrosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Urology. 2010;75:1378–1384.
  • Brinker DA, Amin MB, de Peralta-Venturina M, et al. Extensively necrotic cystic renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study with comparison to other cystic and necrotic renal cancers. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24:988–995.
  • Faria V, Surendra T, Poller DN. Prognostic relevance of extensive necrosis in renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 2005;58:39–43.
  • Samaratunga H, Delahunt B, Srigley JR, et al. Granular necrosis: a distinctive form of cell death in malignant tumours. Pathology. 2020;52(5):507–514.
  • Katz MD, Serrano MF, Grubb RL. Percent microscopic tumor necrosis and survival after curative surgery for renal cell carcinoma. J Urol. 2010;183(3):909–914. 3rd.
  • Khor LY, Dhakal HP, Jia X, et al. Tumor necrosis adds prognostically significant information to grade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a study of 842 consecutive cases from a single institution. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016;40(9):1224–1231.
  • Stühler V, Rausch S, Kroll K, et al. The prognostic value of fat invasion and tumor expansion in the hilar veins in pT3a renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol. 2021;39(9):3367–3376.
  • Volpe A, Patard JJ. Prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol. 2010;28(3):319–327.
  • Hu C, Sun J, Zhang Z, et al. Parallel comparison of R.E.N.A.L., Padua, and C-index scoring systems in predicting outcomes after partial nephrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med. 2021;10(15):5062–5077.
  • Campi R, Kutikov A. Predictive models for patients with a renal mass in the clinical trenches continue to be a muddy proposition. Eur Urol. 2022;S0302-2838(22):4–74.
  • Karakiewicz PI, Briganti A, Chun FK, et al. Multi-institutional validation of a new renal cancer-specific survival nomogram. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(11):1316–1322.
  • Cindolo L, Chiodini P, Brookman-May S, et al. Assessing the accuracy and generalizability of the preoperative and postoperative Karakiewicz nomograms for renal cell carcinoma: results from a multicentre European and US study. BJU Int. 2013;112(5):578–584.
  • Russo GI, Di Rosa A, Favilla V, et al. Accuracy capabilities comparisons between karakiewicz, kattan and cindolo nomograms in predicting outcomes for renal cancer carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can Urol Assoc J. 2015;9(5–6):E359–66.
  • Ljungberg B, Albiges L, Abu-Ghanem Y, et al. European Association of urology guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: the 2022 Update. Eur Urol. 2022;S0302-2838(22):1–1676.
  • Rosiello G, Palumbo C, Knipper S, et al. Histotype predicts the rate of lymph node invasion at nephrectomy in patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol. 2020;38(5):537–544.
  • European Association of Urology (EAU)-Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group, Erdem S, Capitanio U, Campi R, et al. External validation of the VENUSS prognostic model to predict recurrence after surgery in non-metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis. Urol Oncol 2022;S1078-1439(22):00005–9.
  • Marchioni M, Amparore D, Ingels A, et al. european association of urology (EAU) young academic urologists (YAU) Renal Cancer Working Group. Renal tumors ablation. Minerva Urol Nephrol. 2021;73(4): 549–551
  • Marchioni M, Cheaib JG, Takagi T, et al. Active surveillance for small renal masses in elderly patients does not increase overall mortality rates compared to primary intervention: a propensity score weighted analysis. Minerva Urol Nephrol. 2021;73(6): 781–788
  • Psutka SP, Gulati R, Jewett MAS, et al. A clinical decision aid to support personalized treatment selection for patients with clinical T1 Renal masses: results from a multi-institutional Competing-risks Analysis. Eur Urol. 2021;S0302-2838(21):2144–2148.
  • Montorsi F, Capitanio U, Rosiello G, et al. A clinical decision aid to support personalized treatment selection for patients with clinical t1 renal masses: results from a multi-institutional competing-risks analysis. Eur Urol. 2022;S0302-2838(22):2–1668.
  • Heng DY, Xie W, Regan MM, et al. Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agents: results from a large, multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(34):5794–5799.
  • Motzer RJ, Mazumdar M, Bacik J, et al. Survival and prognostic stratification of 670 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(8):2530–2540.
  • Méjean A, Ravaud A, Thezenas S, et al. Sunitinib Alone or after Nephrectomy in Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(5):417–427.
  • Bex A, Mulders P, Jewett M, et al. Comparison of Immediate vs deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving sunitinib: the surtime randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5(2):164–170.
  • EAU-Young Academic Urologist Kidney Cancer Group, Marchioni M, Kriegmair M, Heck M, et al. Development of a novel risk score to select the optimal candidate for cytoreductive nephrectomy among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. results from a multi-institutional registry (REMARCC). Eur Urol Oncol. 2021; 4(2):256–263.
  • Okita K, Hatakeyama S, Naito S, et al. External validation of the REMARCC model for the selection of cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with primary metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study. Urol Oncol. 2021;39(12):836.e11–836.e17.
  • Fasanella D, Antonaci A, Esperto F, et al. Potential prognostic value of miRNAs as biomarker for progression and recurrence after nephrectomy in renal cell carcinoma: a literature review. Diagnosis (Berl). 2021. 10.1515/dx-2021-0080.
  • Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, Wieder J, et al. Risk group assessment and clinical outcome algorithm to predict the natural history of patients with surgically resected renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(23):4559.
  • Leibovich BC, Blute ML, Cheville JC, et al. Prediction of progression after radical nephrectomy for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a stratification tool for prospective clinical trials. Cancer. 2003;97(7):1663.
  • Leibovich BC, Lohse CM, Cheville JC, et al. Predicting oncologic outcomes in renal cell carcinoma after surgery. Eur Urol. 2018;73(5):772–780.
  • Klatte T, Gallagher KM, Afferi L, et al. The VENUSS prognostic model to predict disease recurrence following surgery for non-metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma: development and evaluation using the ASSURE prospective clinical trial cohort. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):182.
  • Buti S, Puligandla M, Bersanelli M, et al. Validation of a new prognostic model to easily predict outcome in renal cell carcinoma: the GRANT score applied to the ASSURE trial population. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(11):2747–2753.
  • Heng DY, Xie W, Regan MM, et al. External validation and comparison with other models of the International Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium prognostic model: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(2):141–8.
  • Kotecha RR, Motzer RJ, Voss MH. Towards individualized therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2019;16:621–633.
  • Joseph RW, Kapur P, Serie DJ, et al. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma subtypes identified by BAP1 and PBRM1 Expression. J Urol. 2016;195:180–187.
  • Voss MH, Reising A, Cheng Y, et al. Genomically annotated risk model for advanced renal-cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:1688–1698.
  • Brooks SA, Brannon AR, Parker JS, et al. ClearCode34: a prognostic risk predictor for localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2014;66:77–84.
  • Rini B, Goddard A, Knezevic D, et al. A 16-gene assay to predict recurrence after surgery in localised renal cell carcinoma: development and validation studies. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:676–685.
  • Wei JH, Feng ZH, Cao Y, et al. Predictive value of single-nucleotide polymorphism signature for recurrence in localised renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective analysis and multicentre validation study. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20:591–600.
  • Ahn T, Roberts MJ, Abduljabar A, et al. a review of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Mol Imaging Biol. 2019;21(5):799–807.
  • Rhee H, Blazak J, Tham CM, et al. Pilot study: use of gallium-68 PSMA PET for detection of metastatic lesions in patients with renal tumour. EJNMMI Res. 2016;6(1):76.
  • Tariq A, Kwok M, Pearce A, et al. The role of dual tracer PSMA and FDG PET/CT in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared to conventional imaging: a multi-institutional case series with intra-individual comparison. Urol Oncol. 2022;40(2):66.e1–66.e9.
  • Tariq A, McGeorge S, Pearce A, et al. Characterization of tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Urol Oncol. 2022;40(6):276.e1–276.e9.
  • Morgantetti G, Ng KL, Samaratunga H, et al. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression in vena cava tumour thrombi of clear cell renal cell carcinoma suggests a role for PSMA-driven tumour neoangiogenesis. Transl Androl Urol. 2019;8(Suppl 2):S147–S155.
  • Spatz S, Tolkach Y, Jung K, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of prostate specific membrane antigen expression in the vasculature of renal tumors: implications for imaging studies and prognostic role. J Urol. 2018;199(2):370–377.
  • Telix Granted FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for Renal Cancer Imaging Product. Published online July 1, 2020. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://bit.ly/39hkIpT.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.