531
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Optimal adjuvant treatment strategies for TNBC patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant treatment

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , , , ORCID Icon & show all
Pages 1049-1059 | Received 04 Mar 2023, Accepted 22 May 2023, Published online: 31 May 2023

References

  • Arnold M, Morgan E, Rumgay H, et al. Current and future burden of breast cancer: global statistics for 2020 and 2040. Breast. 2022;66:15–23.
  • Korde LA, Somerfield MR, Carey LA, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapy for breast cancer: aSCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2021 May 1;39(13):1485–1505. DOI:10.1200/JCO.20.03399
  • Kohler BA, Sherman RL, Howlader N, et al. Annual Report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2011, featuring incidence of breast cancer subtypes by race/ethnicity, poverty, and state. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015 Jun;107(6):djv048.
  • Malorni L, Shetty PB, De Angelis C, et al. Clinical and biologic features of triple-negative breast cancers in a large cohort of patients with long-term follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012 2012/Dec/1;136(3):795–804. DOI:10.1007/s10549-012-2315-y.
  • Li X, Yang J, Peng L, et al. Triple-negative breast cancer has worse overall survival and cause-specific survival than non-triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017 2017/Jan/1;161(2):279–287. DOI:10.1007/s10549-016-4059-6.
  • Anders CK, Carey LA. Biology, metastatic patterns, and treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2009;2(Suppl 2):S73–81. Jun;9 Suppl. doi:10.3816/CBC.2009.s.008.
  • Haffty BG, Yang Q, Reiss M, et al. Locoregional Relapse and distant metastasis in conservatively managed triple negative early-stage breast cancer. JCO. 2006;24(36):5652–5657. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2006.06.5664
  • von Minckwitz G, Schneeweiss A, Loibl S, et al. Neoadjuvant carboplatin in patients with triple-negative and HER2-positive early breast cancer (GeparSixto; GBG 66): a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Jun;15(7):747–756.
  • Sharma P, López-Tarruella S, García-Saenz JA, et al. Pathological response and survival in triple-negative breast cancer following neoadjuvant carboplatin plus docetaxel. Clin Cancer Res. 2018 Dec 1;24(23):5820–5829. DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0585
  • Sharma P, Kimler BF, O’Dea A, et al. Randomized phase ii trial of anthracycline-free and anthracycline-containing neoadjuvant carboplatin chemotherapy regimens in stage i-iii triple-negative breast cancer (neoSTOP). Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Feb 15;27(4):975–982. DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-3646
  • Zhang L, Wu ZY, Li J, et al. Neoadjuvant docetaxel plus carboplatin vs epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel in triple-negative, early-stage breast cancer (NeoCART): results from a multicenter, randomized controlled, open-label phase II trial. Int J Cancer. 2022 Feb 15;150(4):654–662. DOI:10.1002/ijc.33830
  • Tutt A, Tovey H, Cheang MCU, et al. Carboplatin in BRCA1/2-mutated and triple-negative breast cancer brcaness subgroups: the tnt trial. Nat Med. 2018 2018/May/1;24(5):628–637. DOI:10.1038/s41591-018-0009-7.
  • Sharma P, López-Tarruella S, García-Saenz JA, et al. Efficacy of neoadjuvant carboplatin plus docetaxel in triple-negative breast cancer: combined analysis of two cohorts. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(3):649–657. DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0162
  • Schmid P, Cortes J, Dent R, et al. Event-free survival with pembrolizumab in early triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(6):556–567. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2112651
  • Schmid P, Cortes J, Pusztai L, et al. Pembrolizumab for early triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(9):810–821. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1910549
  • Gianni L, Huang CS, Egle D, et al. Pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant treatment with or without atezolizumab in triple-negative, early high-risk and locally advanced breast cancer: NeoTRIP Michelangelo randomized study☆. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(5):534–543. DOI:10.1016/j.annonc.2022.02.004
  • Mittendorf EA, Zhang H, Barrios CH, et al. Neoadjuvant atezolizumab in combination with sequential nab-paclitaxel and anthracycline-based chemotherapy versus placebo and chemotherapy in patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (IMpassion031): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10257):1090–1100. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31953-X
  • Xiu M, Zhang P, Wang X, et al. Survival outcomes for dose-dense paclitaxel plus carboplatin neoadjuvant vs standard adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II to III triple-negative breast cancer: a prospective cohort study with propensity-matched analysis. Intl J Cancer. 2022;151(4):578–589. DOI:10.1002/ijc.34022
  • Loibl S, O’Shaughnessy J, Untch M, et al. Addition of the PARP inhibitor veliparib plus carboplatin or carboplatin alone to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (BrighTness): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(4):497–509. DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30111-6
  • Sikov WM, Berry DA, Perou CM, et al. Impact of the addition of carboplatin and/or bevacizumab to neoadjuvant once-per-week paclitaxel followed by dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide on pathologic complete response rates in stage ii to iii triple-negative breast cancer: calgb 40603 (alliance). J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(1):13–21. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2014.57.0572
  • Poggio F, Bruzzone M, Ceppi M, et al. Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(7):1497–1508. DOI:10.1093/annonc/mdy127
  • Cortazar P, Zhang L, Untch M, et al. Pathological complete response and long-term clinical benefit in breast cancer: the CTNeoBC pooled analysis. Lancet. 2014;384(9938):164–172. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62422-8
  • Rastogi P, Anderson SJ, Bear HD, et al. Preoperative chemotherapy: updates of national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project protocols B-18 and B-27. JCO. 2008;26(5):778–785. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2007.15.0235
  • Masuda N, Lee S-J, Ohtani S, et al. Adjuvant capecitabine for breast cancer after preoperative chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(22):2147–2159. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1612645
  • von Minckwitz G, Rezai M, Loibl S, et al. Capecitabine in addition to anthracycline- and taxane-based neoadjuvant treatment in patients with primary breast cancer: phase III GeparQuattro study. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr 20;28(12):2015–2023. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2009.23.8303
  • Lluch A, Barrios CH, Torrecillas L, et al. Phase IIi trial of adjuvant capecitabine after standard neo-/adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early triple-negative breast cancer (geicam/2003-11_CIBOMA/2004-01). J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(3):203–213. DOI:10.1200/JCO.19.00904
  • Martín M, Simón AR, Borrego MR, et al. Epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel versus epirubicin plus docetaxel followed by capecitabine as adjuvant therapy for node-positive early breast cancer: results from the geicam/2003-10 study. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(32):3788–3795. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2015.61.9510
  • Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Huovinen R, et al. Adjuvant capecitabine in combination with docetaxel, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide for early breast cancer: the randomized clinical finxx trial. JAMA Oncol. 2017 Jun 1;3(6):793–800. DOI:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.6120
  • Robson M, Im S-A, Senkus E, et al. Olaparib for metastatic breast cancer in patients with a germline BRCA mutation. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(6):523–533. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1706450
  • Litton JK, Rugo HS, Ettl J, et al. Talazoparib in patients with advanced breast cancer and a germline BRCA mutation. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(8):753–763. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1802905
  • Litton JK, Scoggins ME, Hess KR, et al. Neoadjuvant talazoparib for patients with operable breast cancer with a germline BRCA pathogenic variant. J Clin Oncol. 2019 2020/Feb/10;38(5):388–394. DOI:10.1200/JCO.19.01304.
  • Rugo HS, Olopade OI, DeMichele A, et al. Adaptive randomization of veliparib–carboplatin treatment in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(1):23–34. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1513749
  • von Minckwitz G, Untch M, Blohmer JU, et al. Definition and impact of pathologic complete response on prognosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in various intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. J Clin Oncol. 2012 May 20;30(15):1796–1804. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2011.38.8595
  • Liedtke C, Mazouni C, Hess KR, et al. Response to neoadjuvant therapy and long-term survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Mar 10;26(8):1275–1281. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2007.14.4147
  • Symmans WF, Wei C, Gould R, et al. Long-term prognostic risk after neoadjuvant chemotherapy associated with residual cancer burden and breast cancer subtype. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(10):1049–1060. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2015.63.1010
  • Huang M, O’Shaughnessy J, Zhao J, et al. Evaluation of pathologic complete response as a surrogate for long-term survival outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2020 Aug;18(8):1096–1104.
  • Conforti F, Pala L, Sala I, et al. Evaluation of pathological complete response as surrogate endpoint in neoadjuvant randomised clinical trials of early stage breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2021 Dec 21;375:e066381. DOI:10.1136/bmj-2021-066381
  • Huober J, Fasching PA, Hanusch C, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and everolimus in breast cancer patients with non-responsive tumours to epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (Ec)±bevacizumab – results of the randomised GeparQuinto study (GBG 44). Eur J Cancer. 2013 Jul;49(10):2284–2293.
  • Di Leo A, Isola J, Piette F, et al. A meta-analysis of phase III trials evaluating the predictive value of HER2 and topoisomerase II alpha in early breast cancer patients treated with CMF or anthracycline-based adjuvant therapy. Cancer Res. 2009;69(2_Supplement):705. DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.SABCS-705
  • Geyer CE, Sikov WM, Huober J, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of addition of carboplatin with or without veliparib to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: 4-year follow-up data from BrighTNess, a randomized phase III trial. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(4):384–394. DOI:10.1016/j.annonc.2022.01.009
  • Schneeweiss A, Möbus V, Tesch H, et al. Intense dose-dense epirubicin, paclitaxel, cyclophosphamide versus weekly paclitaxel, liposomal doxorubicin (plus carboplatin in triple-negative breast cancer) for neoadjuvant treatment of high-risk early breast cancer (GeparOcto-GBG 84): a randomised phase III trial. Eur J Cancer. 2019 Jan;106:181–192.
  • Gray R, Bradley R, Braybrooke J. Increasing the dose intensity of chemotherapy by more frequent administration or sequential scheduling: a patient-level meta-analysis of 37 298 women with early breast cancer in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2019 Apr 6;393(10179):1440–1452. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33137-4
  • Ding Y, Ding K, Yang H, et al. Does dose-dense neoadjuvant chemotherapy have clinically significant prognostic value in breast cancer?: a meta-analysis of 3,724 patients. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(5):e0234058. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0234058
  • O’Meara TA, Tolaney SM. Tumor mutational burden as a predictor of immunotherapy response in breast cancer [breast cancer; immunotherapy; tumor mutational burden]. Oncotarget. 2021;12(5). DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.27877
  • Pusztai L, Denkert C, O’Shaughnessy J, et al. Event-free survival by residual cancer burden after neoadjuvant pembrolizumab + chemotherapy versus placebo + chemotherapy for early TNBC: Exploratory analysis from KEYNOTE-522, 2022 ASCO Annual Meeting, American Society of Clinical Oncology. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.503
  • Loibl S, Schneeweiss A, Huober JB, et al. Durvalumab improves long-term outcome in TNBC: results from the phase II randomized GeparNUEVO study investigating neoadjuvant durvalumab in addition to an anthracycline/taxane based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). J Clin Oncol. 2021 2021/May/20;39(15_suppl):506–506. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.506.
  • O’Shaughnessy J, Pippen JE, Paul D, et al. Adjuvant capecitabine for invasive lobular/mixed early breast cancer (EBC): uSON 01062 exploratory analyses. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(15_suppl):547–547. DOI:10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.547
  • Li J, Yu K, Pang D, et al. Adjuvant capecitabine with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide plus epirubicin for triple-negative breast cancer (cbcsg010): an open-label, randomized, multicenter, phase iii trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Jun 1;38(16):1774–1784. DOI:10.1200/JCO.19.02474
  • Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA, et al. Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina breast cancer study. JAMA. 2006 Jun 7;295(21):2492–2502. DOI:10.1001/jama.295.21.2492
  • Santonja A, Sánchez-Muñoz A, Lluch A, et al. Triple negative breast cancer subtypes and pathologic complete response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Oncotarget. 2018 May 29;9(41):26406–26416. DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.25413
  • Lehmann BD, Jovanović B, Chen X, et al. Refinement of triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtypes: implications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy selection. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(6):e0157368. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0157368
  • Yin L, Duan J-J, Bian X-W, et al. Triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtyping and treatment progress. Breast Cancer Res. 2020 2020/Jun/9;22(1):61. DOI:10.1186/s13058-020-01296-5.
  • Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Timms KM, Liu S, et al. Incidence and outcome of BRCA mutations in unselected patients with triple receptor-negative breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Mar 1;17(5):1082–1089. DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2560
  • Tutt ANJ, Garber JE, Kaufman B, et al. Adjuvant olaparib for patients with brca1- or brca2-mutated breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(25):2394–2405. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2105215
  • Geyer CE Jr., Garber JE, Gelber RD, et al. Overall survival in the OlympiA phase III trial of adjuvant olaparib in patients with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 and high-risk, early breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(12):1250–1268. DOI:10.1016/j.annonc.2022.09.159
  • Evans TRJ, Eatock MM, Lewsley L-A, et al. A phase I study of olaparib in combination with capecitabine-based chemoradiation (CRT) in patients (pts) with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(4_suppl):709–709. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2020.38.4_suppl.709
  • Schneider BP, Jiang G, Ballinger TJ, et al. BRE12-158: a postneoadjuvant, randomized phase ii trial of personalized therapy versus treatment of physician’s choice for patients with residual triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Feb 1;40(4):345–355. DOI:10.1200/JCO.21.01657
  • von Minckwitz G, Rezai M, Tesch H, et al. Zoledronate for patients with invasive residual disease after anthracyclines-taxane-based chemotherapy for early breast cancer – the phase iii neoadjuvant trial add-On (NaTan) study (GBG 36/ABCSG 29). Eur J Cancer. 2016 Sep;64:12–21.
  • Mayer IA, Zhao F, Arteaga CL, et al. Randomized phase iii postoperative trial of platinum-based chemotherapy versus capecitabine in patients with residual triple-negative breast cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: eCOG-ACRIN EA1131. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Aug 10;39(23):2539–2551. DOI:10.1200/JCO.21.00976
  • Yardley DA, Peacock N, Daniel B, et al. Phase II trial of eribulin in patients who do not achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2020 Apr;180(3):647–655.
  • Tanaka S, Iwamoto M, Kimura K, et al. A phase ii study of adjuvant chemotherapy of tegafur-uracil for patients with breast cancer with her2-negative pathologic residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Anticancer Res. 2016 Dec;36(12):6505–6509.
  • Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Lei X, Alvarez RH, et al. Phase II randomized study of ixabepilone versus observation in patients with significant residual disease after neoadjuvant systemic therapy for her2-negative breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2015 Oct;15(5):325–331.
  • Lehmann BD, Bauer JA, Chen X, et al. Identification of human triple-negative breast cancer subtypes and preclinical models for selection of targeted therapies. J Clin Invest. 2011 Jul;121(7):2750–2767.
  • Filho OM, Stover DG, Asad S, et al. Association of immunophenotype with pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: a secondary analysis of the brightness phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2021 Apr 1;7(4):603–608. DOI:10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.7310
  • Galland L, Ballot E, Mananet H, et al. Efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer and HRD biomarkers: utility of exome sequencing. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2022 2022/Mar/4;8(1):28. DOI:10.1038/s41523-022-00395-0.
  • Diel IJ, Solomayer EF, Costa SD, et al. Reduction in new metastases in breast cancer with adjuvant clodronate treatment. N Engl J Med. 1998 Aug 6;339(6):357–363. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199808063390601
  • Coleman R, de Boer R, Eidtmann H, et al. Zoledronic acid (zoledronate) for postmenopausal women with early breast cancer receiving adjuvant letrozole (ZO-FAST study): final 60-month results. Ann Oncol. 2013 Feb;24(2):398–405.
  • Onishi T, Hayashi N, Theriault RL, et al. Future directions of bone-targeted therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2010 2010/Nov/1;7(11):641–651. DOI:10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.134.
  • Bardia A, Hurvitz SA, Tolaney SM, et al. Sacituzumab govitecan in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(16):1529–1541. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2028485
  • Schmid P, Jung K, Wysocki P, et al. 166MO datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd)+ durvalumab (D) as first-line (1L) treatment for unresectable locally advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (a/mTNBC): initial results from BEGONIA, a phase Ib/II study. Ann Oncol. 2022;33:S199.
  • Pathak N, Sharma A, Elavarasi A, et al. Moment of truth-adding carboplatin to neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer improves overall survival: an individual participant data and trial-level meta-analysis. Breast. 2022;64:7–18.
  • Schmid P, Salgado R, Park YH, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment of high-risk, early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: results from the phase 1b open-label, multicohort KEYNOTE-173 study. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(5):569–581. DOI:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.01.072
  • Nanda R, Liu MC, Yau C, et al. Effect of pembrolizumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy on pathologic complete response in women with early-stage breast cancer: an analysis of the ongoing phase 2 adaptively randomized i-spy2 trial. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(5):676–684. DOI:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6650
  • Loibl S, Untch M, Burchardi N, et al. A randomised phase II study investigating durvalumab in addition to an anthracycline taxane-based neoadjuvant therapy in early triple-negative breast cancer: clinical results and biomarker analysis of GeparNuevo study. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(8):1279–1288. DOI:10.1093/annonc/mdz158
  • de Boo L, Jóźwiak K, Joensuu H, et al. 193P Adjuvant capecitabine-containing chemotherapy is effective in both BRCA1-like and non-BRCA1-like early-stage TNBC patients. Ann Oncol. 2020;31:S320. DOI:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.315
  • Krop I, Juric D, Shimizu T, et al. Abstract GS1-05: datopotamab deruxtecan in advanced/metastatic HER2- breast cancer: results from the phase 1 TROPION-PanTumor01 study. Cancer Res. 2022;82(4_Supplement):GS1-05-GS1–05. DOI:10.1158/1538-7445.SABCS21-GS1-05
  • Modi S, Saura C, Yamashita T, et al. Trastuzumab deruxtecan in previously treated her2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 13;382(7):610–621. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1914510
  • Verma S, Miles D, Gianni L, et al. Trastuzumab emtansine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(19):1783–1791. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1209124
  • von Minckwitz G, Huang C-S, Mano MS, et al. Trastuzumab emtansine for residual invasive her2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(7):617–628. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1814017
  • Conte PF, Dieci MV, Bisagni G, et al. Phase III randomized study of adjuvant treatment with the ANTI-PD-L1 antibody avelumab for high-risk triple negative breast cancer patients: the A-BRAVE trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(15_suppl):TPS598–TPS598. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.TPS598
  • Park IH, Kim GM, Kim JH, et al. Randomized, phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus capecitabine adjuvant therapy compared to capecitabine monotherapy for triple receptor-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with residual invasive cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (MIRINAE trial, KCSG-BR18-21). J Clin Oncol. 2020 [2020/May/20];38(15_suppl):TPS597–TPS597.
  • Khoury K, Isaacs C, Gatti-Mays M, et al. Abstract OT3-04-01: nivolumab or capecitabine or combination therapy as adjuvant therapy for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) with residual disease following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: the OXEL study. Cancer Res. 2019;79(4_Supplement):OT3-04-01-OT3-04–01. DOI:10.1158/1538-7445.SABCS18-OT3-04-01
  • Pusztai L, Barlow W, Ganz P, et al. Abstract OT1-02-04: sWOG S1418/NRG -BR006: a randomized, phase III trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MK-3475 as adjuvant therapy for triple receptor-negative breast cancer with >1 cm residual invasive cancer or positive lymph nodes (>pN1mic) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Res. 2018;78(4_Supplement):OT1-02-04-OT1-02–04.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.