217
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Care delivery considerations for widespread and equitable implementation of inherited cancer predisposition testing

, &
Pages 57-70 | Received 12 Sep 2016, Accepted 29 Nov 2016, Published online: 13 Dec 2016

References

  • McLaren L, Hawe P. Ecological perspectives in health research. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005;59:6–14.
  • Stokols D. Establishing and maintaining healthy environments. Toward Social Ecology Health Promotion. Am Psychol. 1992;47:6–22.
  • Stokols D. Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for community health promotion. Am J Health Promot. 1996;10:282–298.
  • Human Genome Sequencing C. Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome. Nature. 2004;431:931–945.
  • National Human Genome Research Institute. The Human Genome Project completion: frequently asked questions; [cited 2013 Sept 6]. Available from http://www.genome.gov/11006943
  • Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977;74:5463–5467.
  • Ray T. With $999 whole-genome sequencing service, veritas embarks on goal to democratize DNA information. New York: genomeweb. 2016.
  • Jolie A. My medical choice; [cited 2013 Jul 18]. Available from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/opinion/my-medical-choice.html?_r=0
  • Hall MJ, Forman AD, Pilarski R, et al. Gene panel testing for inherited cancer risk. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2014;12:1339–1346.
  • Cho MK, Sankar P, Wolpe PR, et al. Commercialization of BRCA1/2 testing: practitioner awareness and use of a new genetic test. Am J Med Genet. 1999;83:157–163.
  • Jain R, Savage MJ, Forman AD, et al. The relevance of hereditary cancer risks to precision oncology: what should providers consider when conducting tumor genomic profiling? J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2016;14:795–806.
  • Schrader KA, Cheng DT, Joseph V, et al. Germline variants in targeted tumor sequencing using matched normal DNA. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2:104–111.
  • Ong FS, Lin JC, Das K, et al. Translational utility of next-generation sequencing. Genomics. 2013;102:137–139.
  • Green RC, Berg JS, Grody WW, et al. ACMG recommendations for reporting of incidental findings in clinical exome and genome sequencing. Genet Med. 2013;15:565–574.
  • Ross LF, Saal HM, David KL, et al. Technical report: ethical and policy issues in genetic testing and screening of children. Genet Med. 2013;15:234–245.
  • Hiraki S, Rinella ES, Schnabel F, et al. Cancer risk assessment using genetic panel testing: considerations for clinical application. J Genet Couns. 2014;23:604–617.
  • Rainville IR, Rana HQ. Next-generation sequencing for inherited breast cancer risk: counseling through the complexity. Curr Oncol Rep. 2014;16:371.
  • Tucker T, Marra M, Friedman JM. Massively parallel sequencing: the next big thing in genetic medicine. Am J Hum Genet. 2009;85:142–154.
  • National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN.) Genetic/familial high-risk assessment: breast and ovarian; [cited 2016 Mar 9]. Available from http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/genetics_screening.pdf
  • Tung N, Domchek SM, Stadler Z, et al. Counselling framework for moderate-penetrance cancer-susceptibility mutations. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2016;13(9):581-583
  • Fecteau H, Vogel KJ, Hanson K, et al. The evolution of cancer risk assessment in the era of next generation sequencing. J Genet Couns. 2014;23:633–639.
  • Norquist BM, Pennington KP, Agnew KJ, et al. Characteristics of women with ovarian carcinoma who have BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations not identified by clinical testing. Gynecol Oncol. 2013;128:483–487.
  • Churpek JE, Walsh T, Zheng Y, et al. Inherited predisposition to breast cancer among African American women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015;149:31–39.
  • Yurgelun MB, Allen B, Kaldate RR, et al. Identification of a variety of mutations in cancer predisposition genes in patients with suspected Lynch syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:604–613.e620.
  • Domchek SM, Bradbury A, Garber JE, et al. Multiplex genetic testing for cancer susceptibility: out on the high wire without a net? J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:1267–1270.
  • Jones T, Lockhart JS, Mendelsohn-Victor KE, et al. Use of cancer genetics services in African-American young breast cancer survivors. Am J Prev Med. 2016;51(4):427-436.
  • Bellcross CA, Kolor K, Goddard KA, et al. Awareness and utilization of BRCA1/2 testing among U.S. primary care physicians. Am J Prev Med. 2011;40:61–66.
  • Bellcross CA, Leadbetter S, Alford SH, et al. Prevalence and healthcare actions of women in a large health system with a family history meeting the 2005 USPSTF recommendation for BRCA genetic counseling referral. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013;22:728–735.
  • Trivers KF, Baldwin LM, Miller JW, et al. Reported referral for genetic counseling or BRCA 1/2 testing among United States physicians: a vignette-based study. Cancer. 2011;117:5334–5343.
  • Wood ME, Kadlubek P, Pham TH, et al. Quality of cancer family history and referral for genetic counseling and testing among oncology practices: a pilot test of quality measures as part of the American society of clinical oncology quality oncology practice initiative. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:824–829.
  • Levy DE, Byfield SD, Comstock CB, et al. Underutilization of BRCA1/2 testing to guide breast cancer treatment: black and hispanic women particularly at risk. Genet Med. 2011;13:349–355.
  • Sussner KM, Jandorf L, Thompson HS, et al. Interest and beliefs about BRCA genetic counseling among at-risk latinas in New York city. J Genet Couns. 2010;19:255–268.
  • Sussner KM, Jandorf L, Thompson HS, et al. Barriers and facilitators to BRCA genetic counseling among at-risk latinas in New York city. Psychooncology. 2013;22:1594–1604.
  • Sussner KM, Edwards T, Villagra C, et al. BRCA genetic counseling among at-risk latinas in New York city: new beliefs shape new generation. J Genet Couns. 2015;24(1):134-148.
  • Gammon AD, Rothwell E, Simmons R, et al. Awareness and preferences regarding BRCA1/2 genetic counseling and testing among latinas and non-latina white women at increased risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. J Genet Couns. 2011;20:625–638.
  • Adams I, Christopher J, Williams KP, et al. What black women know and want to know about counseling and testing for BRCA1/2. J Cancer Educ. 2015;30(2):344-352.
  • Sheppard VB, Mays D, LaVeist T, et al. Medical mistrust influences black women’s level of engagement in BRCA 1/2 genetic counseling and testing. J Natl Med Assoc. 2013;105:17–22.
  • Komenaka IK, Nodora JN, Madlensky L, et al. Participation of low-income women in genetic cancer risk assessment and BRCA 1/2 testing: the experience of a safety-net institution. J Community Genet. 2016;7(3):177-183.
  • Mai PL, Vadaparampil ST, Breen N, et al. Awareness of cancer susceptibility genetic testing: the 2000, 2005, and 2010 national health interview surveys. Am J Prev Med. 2014;46:440–448.
  • Cragun D, Bonner D, Kim J, et al. Factors associated with genetic counseling and BRCA testing in a population-based sample of young black women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015;151:169–176.
  • Kinney AY, Simonsen SE, Baty BJ, et al. Acceptance of genetic testing for hereditary breast ovarian cancer among study enrollees from an African American kindred. Am J Med Genet A. 2006;140:813–826.
  • Pal T, Bonner D, Cragun D, et al. A high frequency of BRCA mutations in young black women with breast cancer residing in Florida. Cancer. 2015;121:4173–4180.
  • Kinney AY, Steffen LE, Brumbach BH, et al. Randomized noninferiority trial of telephone delivery of BRCA1/2 genetic counseling compared with in-person counseling: 1-year follow-up. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2914–2924.
  • Benkendorf JL, Reutenauer JE, Hughes CA, et al. Patients’ attitudes about autonomy and confidentiality in genetic testing for breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility. Am J Med Genet. 1997;73:296–303.
  • Hughes C, Gomez-Caminero A, Benkendorf J, et al. Ethnic differences in knowledge and attitudes about BRCA1 testing in women at increased risk. Patient Educ Couns. 1997;32:51–62.
  • Ramirez AG, Aparicio-Ting FE, de Majors SS, et al. Interest, awareness, and perceptions of genetic testing among hispanic family members of breast cancer survivors. Ethn Dis. 2006;16:398–403.
  • Vadaparampil ST, McIntyre J, Quinn GP. Awareness, perceptions, and provider recommendation related to genetic testing for hereditary breast cancer risk among at-risk hispanic women: similarities and variations by sub-ethnicity. J Genet Couns. 2010;19:618–629.
  • Kinney AY, Simonsen SE, Baty BJ, et al. Risk reduction behaviors and provider communication following genetic counseling and BRCA1 mutation testing in an African American kindred. J Genet Couns. 2006;15:293–305.
  • American cancer society I. Cancer Facts & Figures 2016. [cited 2016 Apr 1]. Available from http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-047079.pdf
  • Cragun D, Camperlengo L, Robinson E, et al. Current knowledge and clinical practices for hereditary breast cancer genetics and genomics among florida providers. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers (Accepted). 2016;20:569–578.
  • Pal T, Cragun D, Lewis C, et al. A statewide survey of practitioners to assess knowledge and clinical practices regarding hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2013;17:367–375.
  • Wideroff L, Vadaparampil ST, Greene MH, et al. Hereditary breast/ovarian and colorectal cancer genetics knowledge in a national sample of US physicians. J Med Genet. 2005;42:749–755.
  • Blazer KR, Nehoray B, Solomon I, et al. Next-generation testing for cancer risk: perceptions, experiences, and needs among early adopters in community healthcare settings. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2015;19:657–665.
  • Anderson B, McLosky J, Wasilevich E, et al. Barriers and facilitators for utilization of genetic counseling and risk assessment services in young female breast cancer survivors. J Cancer Epidemiol. 2012;2012:298745.
  • Jagsi R, Griffith KA, Kurian AW, et al. Concerns about cancer risk and experiences with genetic testing in a diverse population of patients with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:1584–1591.
  • McCarthy AM, Bristol M, Domchek SM, et al. Health care segregation, physician recommendation, and racial disparities in BRCA1/2 testing among women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2610–2618.
  • Birmingham WC, Hung M, Boonyasiriwat W, et al. Effectiveness of the extended parallel process model in promoting colorectal cancer screening. Psychooncology. 2015;24:1265–1278.
  • Haga SB, Carrig MM, O’Daniel JM, et al. Genomic risk profiling: attitudes and use in personal and clinical care of primary care physicians who offer risk profiling. J Gen Intern Med. 2011;26:834–840.
  • Manolio TA, Chisholm RL, Ozenberger B, et al. Implementing genomic medicine in the clinic: the future is here. Genet Med. 2013;15:258–267.
  • Vig HS, Armstrong J, Egleston BL, et al. Cancer genetic risk assessment and referral patterns in primary care. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2009;13:735–741.
  • Carroll JC, Cappelli M, Miller F, et al. Genetic services for hereditary breast/ovarian and colorectal cancers - physicians’ awareness, use and satisfaction. Community Genet. 2008;11:43–51.
  • Kamihara J, Rana HQ, Garber JE. Germline TP53 mutations and the changing landscape of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Hum Mutat. 2014;35:654–662.
  • Meyer LA, Anderson ME, Lacour RA, et al. Evaluating women with ovarian cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: missed opportunities. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115:945–952.
  • Schwartz MD, Lerman C, Brogan B, et al. Utilization of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation testing in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1003–1007.
  • Susswein LR, Skrzynia C, Lange LA, et al. Increased uptake of BRCA1/2 genetic testing among African American women with a recent diagnosis of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:32–36.
  • Bach PB, Pham HH, Schrag D, et al. Primary care physicians who treat blacks and whites. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:575–584.
  • Jha AK, Orav EJ, Li Z, et al. Concentration and quality of hospitals that care for elderly black patients. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1177–1182.
  • Breslin TM, Morris AM, Gu N, et al. Hospital factors and racial disparities in mortality after surgery for breast and colon cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:3945–3950.
  • Hasnain-Wynia R, Baker DW, Nerenz D, et al. Disparities in health care are driven by where minority patients seek care: examination of the hospital quality alliance measures. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1233–1239.
  • Shields AE, Burke W, Levy DE. Differential use of available genetic tests among primary care physicians in the United States: results of a national survey. Genet Med. 2008;10:404–414.
  • Webster TH, Beal SJ, Brothers KB. Motivation in the age of genomics: why genetic findings of disease susceptibility might not motivate behavior change. Life Sciences, Society and Policy. 2013;9:1–15.
  • Collins FS, Green ED, Guttmacher AE, et al. A vision for the future of genomics research. Nature. 2003;422:835–847.
  • Dzau VJ, Ginsburg GS, Van Nuys K, et al. Aligning incentives to fulfil the promise of personalised medicine. Lancet. 2015;385:2118–2119.
  • McBride CM, Birmingham WC, Kinney AY. Health psychology and translational genomic research: bringing innovation to cancer-related behavioral interventions. Am Psychol. 2015;70:91–104.
  • Keller M, Gordon E, Stack C, et al. Coriell personalized medicine collaborative®: a prospective study of the utility of personalized medicine. Per Med. 2010;7:301–317.
  • Hollands GJ, French DP, Griffin SJ, et al. The impact of communicating genetic risks of disease on risk-reducing health behaviour: systematic review with meta-analysis. Bmj. 2016;352:i1102.
  • Mills R, Haga SB. Genomic counseling: next generation counseling. J Genet Couns. 2014;23:689–692.
  • Glanz K, Bishop DB. The role of behavioral science theory in development and implementation of public health interventions. Annu Rev Public Health. 2010;31:399–418.
  • Riekert K, Ockene J, Pbert L. Handbook of health behavior change. 4th ed. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC; 2014.
  • O’Connor AM, Jacobsen MJ, Stacey D. An evidence-based approach to managing women’s decisional conflict. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2002;31:570–581.
  • Rogers R. Cognitive and physiological processes in fear appeals and attitude change: a revised theory of protection motivation. In: Cacioppo J, Petty R, editor. Social psychophysiology. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1983.
  • Schwarzer R. Models of health behaviour change: intention as mediator or stage as moderator? Psychol Health. 2008;23:259–262.
  • Schwarzer R, Lippke S, Ziegelmann JP. Health action process approach - A research agenda at the freie universitat berlin to examine and promote health behavior change. Zeitschrift Fur Gesundheitspsychologie. 2008;16:157–160.
  • Witte K. Putting the fear back into fear appeals - the extended parallel process model. Commun Monogr. 1992;59:329–349.
  • Witte K, Allen M. A meta-analysis of fear appeals: implications for effective public health campaigns. Health Educ Behav. 2000;27:591–615.
  • Ajzen I. The theory of planned behaviour: reactions and reflections. Psychol Health. 2011;26:1113–1127.
  • Janz NK, Becker MH. The health belief model: a decade later. Health Educ Q. 1984;11:1–47.
  • Maloney E, Lapinski MK, Witte K. Fear appeals and persuasion: a review and update of the extended parallel process model. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2011;5:206–219.
  • Murray-Johnson L, Witte K, Liu WY, et al. Addressing cultural orientations in fear appeals: promoting AIDS-protective behaviors among Mexican immigrant and African American adolescents and American and Taiwanese college students. J Health Commun. 2001;6:335–358.
  • Gollwitzer PM. Implementation intentions: strong effects of simple plans. Am Psychol. 1999;54:493–503.
  • Kwasnicka D, Presseau J, White M, et al. Does planning how to cope with anticipated barriers facilitate health-related behaviour change? A systematic review. Health Psychol Rev. 2013;7:129–145.
  • Schwarzer R. Self-regulatory processes in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors. J Health Psychol. 1999;4:115–127.
  • Sheeran P. Intention-Behavior Relations: A Conceptual and Empirical Review. European Review of Social Psychology. 2002;12(1):1–36.
  • Brown Evidence-Based Practice Center. Decision Aids for Cancer Screening and Treatment. Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 145. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, 2014.
  • Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivational interviewing: helping people change. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2013.
  • Miller WR, Rollnick S. The effectiveness and ineffectiveness of complex behavioral interventions: impact of treatment fidelity. Contemp Clin Trials. 2014;37:234–241.
  • Moyers TB, Martin T, Manuel JK, et al. Assessing competence in the use of motivational interviewing. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2005;28:19–26.
  • Rollnick S, Mason P, Butler C. Motivational interviewing in healthcare: helping patients change behavior. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2008.
  • Rubak S, Sandbaek A, Lauritzen T, et al. Motivational interviewing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Gen Pract. 2005;55:305–312.
  • Hall K, Gibbie T, Lubman DI. Motivational interviewing techniques - facilitating behaviour change in the general practice setting. Aust Fam Physician. 2012;41:660–667.
  • Hall K, Staiger PK, Simpson A, et al. After 30 years of dissemination, have we achieved sustained practice change in motivational interviewing? Addiction. 2016;111(7):1144-1150.
  • Kinney AY, Boonyasiriwat W, Walters ST, et al. Telehealth personalized cancer risk communication to motivate colonoscopy in relatives of patients with colorectal cancer: the family CARE randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:654-+.
  • Pengchit W, Walters ST, Simmons RG, et al. Motivation-based intervention to promote colonoscopy screening: an integration of a fear management model and motivational interviewing. J Health Psychol. 2011;16:1187–1197.
  • Schwalbe CS, Oh HY, Zweben A. Sustaining motivational interviewing: a meta-analysis of training studies. Addiction. 2014;109:1287–1294.
  • Miller WR, Rose GS. Toward a theory of motivational interviewing. Am Psychol. 2009;64:527–537.
  • Miller WR, Rose GS. Motivational interviewing and decisional balance: contrasting responses to client ambivalence. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2015;43:129–141.
  • Sharaf RN, Myer P, Stave CD, et al. Uptake of genetic testing by relatives of Lynch syndrome probands: a systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:1093–1100.
  • MacDonald DJ, Sarna L, Van Servellen G, et al. Selection of family members for communication of cancer risk and barriers to this communication before and after genetic cancer risk assessment. Genet Med. 2007;9:275–282.
  • Barsevick AM, Montgomery SV, Ruth K, et al. Intention to communicate BRCA1/BRCA2 genetic test results to the family. J Fam Psychol. 2008;22:303–312.
  • Cheung EL, Olson AD, Yu TM, et al. Communication of BRCA results and family testing in 1,103 high-risk women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010;19:2211–2219.
  • Fehniger J, Lin F, Beattie MS, et al. Family communication of BRCA1/2 results and family uptake of BRCA1/2 testing in a diverse population of BRCA1/2 carriers. J Genet Couns. 2013;22:603–612.
  • Trottier M, Lunn J, Butler R, et al. Strategies for recruitment of relatives of BRCA mutation carriers to a genetic testing program in the Bahamas. Clin Genet. 2015;88(2):182-186.
  • Wiseman M, Dancyger C, Michie S. Communicating genetic risk information within families: a review. Fam Cancer. 2010;9:691–703.
  • Chivers Seymour K, Addington-Hall J, Lucassen AM, et al. What facilitates or impedes family communication following genetic testing for cancer risk? a systematic review and meta-synthesis of primary qualitative research. J Genet Couns. 2010;19:330–342.
  • Montgomery SV, Barsevick AM, Egleston BL, et al. Preparing individuals to communicate genetic test results to their relatives: report of a randomized control trial. Fam Cancer. 2013;12:537–546.
  • American Cancer Society. Cancer action network. [cited 2016 June 1]. Available from http://www.acscan.org/
  • Weldon CB, Trosman JR, Gradishar WJ, et al. Barriers to the use of personalized medicine in breast cancer. J Oncol Pract. 2012;8:e24–31.
  • Radford C, Prince A, Lewis K, et al. Factors which impact the delivery of genetic risk assessment services focused on inherited cancer genomics: expanding the role and reach of certified genetics professionals. J Genet Couns. 2014;23(4):522-530.
  • Dilzell K, Kingham K, Ormond K, et al. Evaluating the utilization of educational materials in communicating about Lynch syndrome to at-risk relatives. Fam Cancer. 2014;13:381–389.
  • Suthers GK, Armstrong J, McCormack J, et al. Letting the family know: balancing ethics and effectiveness when notifying relatives about genetic testing for a familial disorder. J Med Genet. 2006;43:665–670.
  • Haga SB, Burke W, Agans R. Primary-care physicians’ access to genetic specialists: an impediment to the routine use of genomic medicine? Genet Med. 2013;15:513–514.
  • Beamer LC, Grant ML, Espenschied CR, et al. Reflex immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability testing of colorectal tumors for Lynch syndrome among US cancer programs and follow-up of abnormal results. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:1058–1063.
  • Cohen SA. Current Lynch syndrome tumor screening practices: a survey of genetic counselors. J Genet Couns. 2014;23:38–47.
  • Cragun D, Debate RD, Vadaparampil ST, et al. Comparing universal Lynch syndrome tumor-screening programs to evaluate associations between implementation strategies and patient follow-through. Genet Med. 2014;16:773–782.
  • Heald B, Plesec T, Liu X, et al. Implementation of universal microsatellite instability and immunohistochemistry screening for diagnosing Lynch syndrome in a large academic medical center. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:1336–1340.
  • Graf MD, Needham DF, Teed N, et al. Genetic testing insurance coverage trends: a review of publicly available policies from the largest US payers. Per Med. 2013;10:235–243.
  • Prince AE. Prevention for those who can pay: insurance reimbursement of genetic-based preventive interventions in the liminal state between health and disease. J Law Biosci. 2015;2:365–395.
  • Curnutte MA, Frumovitz KL, Bollinger JM, et al. Development of the clinical next-generation sequencing industry in a shifting policy climate. Nat Biotechnol. 2014;32:980–982.
  • Rothstein MA. Currents in contemporary bioethics. J Law, Med Ethics. 2012;40:682–689.
  • Khoury MJ Why we can’t wait: a public health approach to health disparities in genomic medicine. [ cited 2016 Jun 1]. Available from https://blogs.cdc.gov/genomics/2013/06/27/why-we-cant-wait/
  • American cancer society I. Cancer Facts and Figures for African Americans 2013-2014. [cited 2013 Oct 7]. Available from http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@epidemiologysurveilance/documents/document/acspc-036921.pdf
  • Boyd CE. Medicare: it’s time to talk about changing it. Ann Health Law. 2010;19:79–84.
  • Porter ME. What is value in health care? New England J Med. 2010;363:2477–2481.
  • Bennette CS, Gallego CJ, Burke W, et al. The cost-effectiveness of returning incidental findings from next-generation genomic sequencing. Genet Med. 2015;17:587–595.
  • Christensen KD, Dukhovny D, Siebert U, et al. Assessing the costs and cost-effectiveness of genomic sequencing. J Pers Med. 2015;5:470–486.
  • Blumenthal-Barby JS, McGuire AL, Green RC, et al. How behavioral economics can help to avoid ‘The last mile problem’ in whole genome sequencing. Genome Med. 2015;7:3.
  • Blumenthal-Barby JS, McGuire AL, Ubel PA. Why information alone is not enough: behavioral economics and the future of genomic medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161:605–606.
  • Gallego CJ, Shirts BH, Bennette CS, et al. Next-generation sequencing panels for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and polyposis syndromes: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2084–2091.
  • Buchanan AH, Rahm AK, Williams JL. Alternate service delivery models in cancer genetic counseling: a mini-review. Front Oncol. 2016;6:120.
  • Kinney AY, Butler KM, Schwartz MD, et al. Expanding access to BRCA1/2 genetic counseling with telephone delivery: a cluster randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(12).
  • Schwartz MD, Valdimarsdottir HB, Peshkin BN, et al. Randomized noninferiority trial of telephone versus in-person genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32:618–626.
  • Chang Y, Near AM, Butler KM, et al. Economic evaluation alongside a clinical trial of telephone versus in-person genetic counseling for BRCA1/2 mutations in geographically underserved areas. J Oncol Pract. 2016;12(59):e51–13.
  • Grosse SD, Khoury MJ. What is the clinical utility of genetic testing? Genet Med. 2006;8:448–450.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.