158
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Advances in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases based on citrullinated peptides/proteins

& ORCID Icon
Pages 685-702 | Received 10 Mar 2021, Accepted 20 May 2021, Published online: 07 Jun 2021

References

  • Davidson A, Diamond B. Chapter 3 - General features of autoimmune disease. In: Rose NR, Mackay IR, editors. The autoimmune diseases. Sixth ed. USA: Academic Press; 2020. p. 17–44.
  • Watad A, Bragazzi NL, Adawi M, et al. Autoimmunity in the elderly: insights from basic science and clinics - A mini-review. Gerontology. 2017;63(6):515–523. PubMed PMID: 28768257.
  • Roberts MH, Erdei E. Comparative United States autoimmune disease rates for 2010-2016 by sex, geographic region, and race. Autoimmun Rev. 2020 Jan;19(1):102423. PubMed PMID: 31733367; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6925958. eng.
  • Tozzoli R, Bizzaro N. The clinical and the laboratory autoimmunologist: where do we stand? Autoimmunity Highlights. 2020 Dec;11(1):10. PubMed PMID: 32670534; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7341566. eng.
  • Wang L, Wang FS, Gershwin ME. Human autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive update. J Intern Med. 2015 Oct;278(4):369–395. PubMed PMID: 26212387.
  • Shoenfeld Y, Cervera R, Gershwin M Diagnostic criteria in autoimmune diseases. 2008.
  • Deane KD, Demoruelle MK, Kelmenson LB, et al. Genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2017 Feb;31(1):3–18.
  • Liang Y, Tsoi LC, Xing X, et al. A gene network regulated by the transcription factor VGLL3 as a promoter of sex-biased autoimmune diseases. Nat Immunol. 2017 Feb;18(2):152–160.
  • Wang J, Jelcic I, Muhlenbruch L, et al. HLA-DR15 molecules jointly shape an autoreactive T cell repertoire in multiple sclerosis. Cell. 2020 Nov 25;183(5):1264–1281 e20.
  • Miller FW. Environmental agents and autoimmune diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2011;711:61–81.
  • Gomez-Banuelos E, Mukherjee A, Darrah E, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis-associated mechanisms of porphyromonas gingivalis and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Clin Med. 2019 Aug 26;8(9):1309.
  • Guan Y, Jakimovski D, Ramanathan M, et al. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis: from molecular pathophysiology to in vivo imaging. Neural Regen Res. 2019 Mar;14(3):373–386.
  • Draborg AH, Duus K, Houen G. Epstein-Barr virus in systemic autoimmune diseases. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013;2013:535738.
  • Angum F, Khan T, Kaler J, et al. The prevalence of autoimmune disorders in women: a narrative review. Cureus. 2020 May 13;12(5):e8094.
  • Desai MK, Brinton RD. Autoimmune disease in women: endocrine transition and risk across the lifespan. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:265.
  • Versini M, Jeandel PY, Rosenthal E, et al. Obesity in autoimmune diseases: not a passive bystander. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Sep;13(9):981–1000.
  • De Luca F, Shoenfeld Y. The microbiome in autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Immunol. 2019 Jan;195(1):74–85.
  • Alghamdi M, Al Ghamdi KA, Khan RH, et al. An interplay of structure and intrinsic disorder in the functionality of peptidylarginine deiminases, a family of key autoimmunity-related enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 Dec;76(23):4635–4662. PubMed PMID: 31342121; eng.
  • Witalison EE, Thompson PR, Hofseth LJ. Protein arginine deiminases and associated citrullination: physiological functions and diseases associated with dysregulation. Curr Drug Targets. 2015;16(7):700–710. PubMed PMID: 25642720; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4520219.
  • Trier NH, Houen G. Epitope specificity of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. Antibodies (Basel). 2017 Mar 8;6(1). PubMed PMID: 31548521; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6698845.
  • Baka Z, Gyorgy B, Geher P, et al. Citrullination under physiological and pathological conditions. Joint Bone Spine. 2012 Oct;79(5):431–436. PubMed PMID: 22366145.
  • Yuzhalin AE. Citrullination in Cancer. Cancer Res. 2019 Apr 1;79(7):1274–1284. PubMed PMID: 30894374.
  • Valesini G, Gerardi MC, Iannuccelli C, et al. Citrullination and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 2015 Jun;14(6):490–497. PubMed PMID: 25636595.
  • Alghamdi M, Alasmari D, Assiri A, et al. An overview of the intrinsic role of citrullination in autoimmune disorders. J Immunol Res. 2019:2019:7592851. PubMed PMID: 31886309; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6899306. eng.
  • Meador WR, Rinker JR, Nicholas AP. Deimination in multiple sclerosis: the bad, the good, and the ugly. In: Nicholas AP, Bhattacharya SK, Thompson PR, editors. Protein deimination in human health and disease. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p. 317–336.
  • Bradford CM, Ramos I, Cross AK, et al. Localisation of citrullinated proteins in normal appearing white matter and lesions in the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2014 Aug 15;273(1–2):85–95. PubMed PMID: 24907905.
  • Faigle W, Cruciani C, Wolski W, et al. Brain citrullination patterns and T cell reactivity of cerebrospinal fluid-derived CD4(+) T cells in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2019;10:540. PubMed PMID: 31024521; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6467957.
  • Yang L, Tan D, Piao H. Myelin basic protein citrullination in multiple sclerosis: a potential therapeutic target for the pathology. Neurochem Res. 2016 Aug;41(8):1845–1856. PubMed PMID: 27097548.
  • Nicholas AP, Sambandam T, Echols JD, et al. Increased citrullinated glial fibrillary acidic protein in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Comp Neurol. 2004 May 17;473(1):128–136. PubMed PMID: 15067723.
  • Dragoni G, De Hertogh G, Vermeire S. The role of citrullination in inflammatory bowel disease: a neglected player in triggering inflammation and fibrosis? Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2021 Jan 1;27(1):134–144. PubMed PMID: 32426830.
  • Darrah E, Andrade F. Rheumatoid arthritis and citrullination. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018 Jan;30(1):72–78. PubMed PMID: 28937414; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5848217.
  • Figus FA, Piga M, Azzolin I, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis: extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities. Autoimmun Rev. 2021 Feb 17;20(4):102776. PubMed PMID: 33609792; eng.
  • Conforti A, Di Cola I, Pavlych V, et al. Beyond the joints, the extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev. 2021 Feb;20(2):102735. PubMed PMID: 33346115; eng.
  • Maiuolo J, Muscoli C, Gliozzi M, et al. Endothelial dysfunction and extra-articular neurological manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis. Biomolecules. 2021 Jan 10;11(1):81. PubMed PMID: 33435178; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7827097. eng.
  • Kasturi S, Goldstein BL, Malspeis S, et al. Comparison of the 1987 American College of Rheumatology and the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League against rheumatism criteria for classification of rheumatoid arthritis in the Nurses’ health study cohorts. Rheumatol Int. 2014 Mar;34(3):407–411. PubMed PMID: 24061933; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3944997.
  • Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1988 Mar;31(3):315–324. PubMed PMID: 3358796.
  • Van Der Linden MP, Knevel R, Huizinga TW, et al. Classification of rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria and the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League against rheumatism criteria. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Jan;63(1):37–42. PubMed PMID: 20967854.
  • Banal F, Dougados M, Combescure C, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis according to disease duration: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Jul;68(7):1184–1191. PubMed PMID: 18728049.
  • Cornec D, Varache S, Morvan J, et al. Comparison of ACR 1987 and ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria for predicting a 10-year diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2012 Dec;79(6):581–585. PubMed PMID: 22405855.
  • Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League against rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Sep;62(9):2569–2581. PubMed PMID: 20872595.
  • Sakellariou G, Scire CA, Zambon A, et al. Performance of the 2010 classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56528. PubMed PMID: 23437156; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3577909.
  • Bykerk VP, Massarotti EM. The new ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA: how are the new criteria performing in the clinic? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Dec;51(Suppl 6):vi10–5. PubMed PMID: 23221581.
  • Aletaha D, Smolen JS. Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: a review. JAMA. 2018 Oct 2;320(13):1360–1372. PubMed PMID: 30285183.
  • Van Delft MAM, Huizinga TWJ. An overview of autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun. 2020 Jun;110:102392. PubMed PMID: 31911013.
  • Fang Z, He F, Feng H, et al. Comparative assessment of the diagnostic performance of PCA3 in urinary sediments and exosomes for prostate cancer in Chinese population with the total PSA range of 4-10 ng/ml. 2020.
  • Yadav I, Arora R, Zaheer S, et al. The diagnostic utility of Ana, dsDNA and complement levels in patient with suspected autoimmune disease.
  • Salaffi F, Carotti M, Beci G, et al. Radiographic scoring methods in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Radiol Med. 2019 Nov;124(11):1071–1086. PubMed PMID: 30739290.
  • Sahlstrom P, Hansson M, Steen J, et al. Different hierarchies of anti-modified protein autoantibody reactivities in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020 Oct;72(10):1643–1657. PubMed PMID: 32501655.
  • Mun S, Lee J, Park A, et al. Proteomics approach for the discovery of rheumatoid arthritis biomarkers using mass spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 5;20(18):4368. PubMed PMID: 31491989; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6769564.
  • Bizzaro N, Tampoia M. Diagnostic accuracy of immunoassays for the detection of antibodies to citrullinated proteins. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2008 Feb;34(1):16–20. PubMed PMID: 18270852.
  • Tanaka R, Takemura M, Sato M, et al. Comparison of chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) with ELISA for the determination of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. Clin Chim Acta. 2010 Jan;411(1–2):22–25. PubMed PMID: 19818336.
  • Ko H, Lee G-Y, Jeon B-J, et al. Fluorescence immunoassay of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) autoantibodies by using parylene-H film. BioChip J. 2011;5(3):242–245.
  • Ramos KC, Macias M. Microdevice immunoassay with conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for rapid anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) detection. Talanta. 2021 Mar 1;224:121801. PubMed PMID: 33379028.
  • Chon H, Lee S, Wang R, et al. SERS-based immunoassay of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide for early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. RSC Adv. 2014;4(62):32924–32927.
  • Chang X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, et al. Screening citrullinated proteins in synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis using 2-dimensional western blotting. J Rheumatol. 2013 Mar;40(3):219–227. PubMed PMID: 23242181.
  • Damgaard D, Nielsen CH. Assessment of peptidylarginine deiminase activity by ELISA using human fibrinogen as substrate. Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1901:239–242. PubMed PMID: 30539583.
  • Webb T, Lakos G, Swart A, et al. Clinical evaluation of a novel chemiluminescent immunoassay for the detection of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies. Clin Chim Acta. 2014 Nov 1;437:161–167. PubMed PMID: 25086283.
  • Mahler M, Bentow C, Serra J, et al. Detection of autoantibodies using chemiluminescence technologies. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2016;38(1):14–20. PubMed PMID: 26525648; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4819877.
  • Wu Y, Zhao X-C, Luo J. AB1336 comparative study of anti-CCP antibodies by latex enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay and Elisa. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2019. BMJ 2019;Supl.2:AB1336.
  • Deng X, Zeng M, Wang X, et al. Preparation and characterization of cyclic citrullinated peptide-immobilized latex beads for measurement of anti-citrullinated protein antibody through latex particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. J Chromatogr A. 2021;1642:462000.
  • Rocha KC, Brinque L, Oliveira CG, et al. Comparative study between immunoturbidimetric and latex agglutination methods for the detection of rheumatoid factor. J Bras Patol Med Lab. 2013;49(1):12–16.
  • Kashyap B, Saha R, Sarkar K, et al. Comparative analysis of rheumatoid factor levels by immune turbidimetry and latex agglutination assays among anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-positive rheumatoid arthritis patients. Indian J Med Specialities. 2020;11(4):207.
  • Langer J, Jimenez De Aberasturi D, Aizpurua J, et al. Present and future of surface-enhanced Raman scattering. ACS Nano. 2020 Jan 28;14(1):28–117. PubMed PMID: 31478375; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6990571.
  • Chon H, Wang R, Lee S, et al. Clinical validation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based immunoassays in the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2015 Nov;407(27):8353–8362. PubMed PMID: 26362159.
  • Mota LM, Cruz BA, Brenola CV, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2013 Apr;53(2):141–157. PubMed PMID: 23856793.
  • Nakken B, Papp G, Bosnes V, et al. Biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis: from molecular processes to diagnostic applications-current concepts and future perspectives. Immunol Lett. 2017 Sep;189:13–18. PubMed PMID: 28526580.
  • Van Beers JJ, Schwarte CM, Stammen-Vogelzangs J, et al. The rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid citrullinome reveals novel citrullinated epitopes in apolipoprotein E, myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen, and β-actin. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Jan;65(1):69–80. PubMed PMID: 23044660.
  • Clancy KW, Weerapana E, Thompson PR. Detection and identification of protein citrullination in complex biological systems. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2016 Feb;30:1–6. PubMed PMID: 26517730; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4731267.
  • Raats JM, Wijnen EM, Pruijn GJ, et al. Recombinant human monoclonal autoantibodies specific for citrulline-containing peptides from phage display libraries derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2003 Aug;30(8):1696–1711. PubMed PMID: 12913924.
  • Moelants EA, Van Damme J, Proost P. Detection and quantification of citrullinated chemokines. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28976. PubMed PMID: 22194966; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3241686.
  • Gomara MJ, Haro I. Citrullinated peptides in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Top Med Chem. 2013;13(6):743–751. PubMed PMID: 23574523.
  • Schellekens GA, Visser H, De Jong BA, et al. The diagnostic properties of rheumatoid arthritis antibodies recognizing a cyclic citrullinated peptide. Arthritis Rheum. 2000 Jan;43(1):155–163. PubMed PMID: 10643712.
  • Schellekens GA, De Jong BA, Van Den Hoogen FH, et al. Citrulline is an essential constituent of antigenic determinants recognized by rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibodies. J Clin Invest. 1998 Jan 1;101(1):273–281. PubMed PMID: 9421490; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC508564.
  • Peene I, De Rycke L, Baeten D, et al. History and diagnostic value of antibodies to citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2004 May-Aug;17(2):107–116. PubMed PMID: 15171811.
  • Sebbag M, Simon M, Vincent C, et al. The antiperinuclear factor and the so-called antikeratin antibodies are the same rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibodies. J Clin Invest. 1995 Jun;95(6):2672–2679. PubMed PMID: 7539459; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC295950.
  • Union A, Meheus L, Humbel RL, et al. Identification of citrullinated rheumatoid arthritis-specific epitopes in natural filaggrin relevant for antifilaggrin autoantibody detection by line immunoassay. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 May;46(5):1185–1195. PubMed PMID: 12115222.
  • Masson-Bessiere C, Sebbag M, Girbal-Neuhauser E, et al. The Major synovial targets of the rheumatoid arthritis-specific antifilaggrin autoantibodies are deiminated forms of the α- and β-chains of fibrin. J Immunol. 2001 Mar 15;166(6):4177–4184. PubMed PMID: 11238669.
  • Nielen MM, Van Schaardenburg D, Reesink HW, et al. Specific autoantibodies precede the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a study of serial measurements in blood donors. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Feb;50(2):380–386. PubMed PMID: 14872479.
  • De Brito Rocha S, Baldo DC, Andrade LEC. Clinical and pathophysiologic relevance of autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Rheumatol. 2019 Jan 17;59(1):2. PubMed PMID: 30657101.
  • Tešija-Kuna A, Žirović M. Antibodies to citrullinated proteins/peptides in rheumatoid arthritis: what have we learned so far? Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2008;18(3):175–190.
  • Katsara M, Tselios T, Deraos S, et al. Round and round we go: cyclic peptides in disease. Curr Med Chem. 2006;13(19):2221–2232. PubMed PMID: 16918350.
  • Trier NH, Holm BE, Slot O, et al. Physical characteristics of a citrullinated pro-filaggrin epitope recognized by anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis sera. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0168542. PubMed PMID: 28002483; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5176188.
  • Ji M, Hur M, Moon HW, et al. Comparison of second- and third-generation immunoassays for detection of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2018 Oct;78(6):477–482. PubMed PMID: 30073867.
  • Singh K, Mahajan P. Anti CCP antibodies in the diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis. JK Sci. 2011;13(1):3.
  • Lee DM, Schur PH. Clinical utility of the anti-CCP assay in patients with rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 Sep;62(9):870–874. PubMed PMID: 12922961; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC1754666.
  • Van Venrooij WJ, Zendman AJ. Anti-CCP2 antibodies: an overview and perspective of the diagnostic abilities of this serological marker for early rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2008 Feb;34(1):36–39. PubMed PMID: 18270856; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2243253.
  • Zendman AJ, Van Venrooij WJ, Pruijn GJ. Use and significance of anti-CCP autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006 Jan;45(1):20–25. PubMed PMID: 16188946.
  • Van Venrooij WJ, Van Beers JJ, Pruijn GJ. Anti-CCP antibodies: the past, the present and the future. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2011 Jun 7;7(7):391–398. PubMed PMID: 21647203.
  • Diaz-Toscano ML, Olivas-Flores EM, Zavaleta-Muniz SA, et al. Comparison of two assays to determine anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis in relation to other chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: assaying anti-modified citrullinated vimentin antibodies adds value to second-generation anti-citrullinated cyclic peptides testing. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:198198. PubMed PMID: 25025037; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4082878.
  • Shidara K, Inoue E, Tanaka E, et al. Comparison of the second and third generation anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody assays in the diagnosis of Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2011 May;31(5):617–622. PubMed PMID: 20049446.
  • Demoruelle MK, Deane K. Antibodies to citrullinated protein antigens (ACPAs): clinical and pathophysiologic significance. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2011 Oct;13(5):421–430. PubMed PMID: 21713412; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4095867.
  • Atzeni F, Sarzi-Puttini P, Lama N, et al. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in primary Sjogren syndrome may be associated with non-erosive synovitis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(3):R51. PubMed PMID: 18462485; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2483440.
  • Low JM, Chauhan AK, Kietz DA, et al. Determination of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in the sera of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2004 Sep;31(9):1829–1833. PubMed PMID: 15338508.
  • Popescu C, Zofota S, Bojinca V, et al. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in psoriatic arthritis–cross-sectional study and literature review. J Med Life. 2013;6(4):376–382. PubMed PMID: 24701255; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3973875.
  • Sule SD, Moodalbail DG, Burnham J, et al. Predictors of arthritis in pediatric patients with lupus. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2015 Jul 14;13(30). PubMed PMID: 26170222; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4499875.
  • Isbagio H Use of anti-citrullinated peptide (Anti–CCP) antibodies in distinguishing patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Devrimsel G, Serdaroglu Beyazal M. Three case reports of rhupus syndrome: an overlap syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Case Rep Rheumatol. 2018;2018:6194738. PubMed PMID: 29610698; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5828105.
  • Yang H, Bian S, Chen H, et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for overlapping rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren’s syndrome. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 18;8(1):6180. PubMed PMID: 29670135; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5906669.
  • Nishimura K, Sugiyama D, Kogata Y, et al. Meta-analysis: diagnostic accuracy of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and rheumatoid factor for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Jun 5;146(11):797–808. PubMed PMID: 17548411.
  • Szekanecz Z, Szabo Z, Zeher M, et al. Superior performance of the CCP3.1 test compared to CCP2 and MCV in the rheumatoid factor-negative RA population. Immunol Res. 2013 Jul;56(2–3):439–443. PubMed PMID: 23592053.
  • Mascialino B, Mathsson-Alm L, Poorafshar M, et al., editors. The generation of anti-CCP tests affects diagnostic accuracy in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-nalysis. Arthritis & Rheumatology; 2019: WILEY 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA.
  • Anti-CCP 2 testing the gold standard in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis2014.
  • Mutlu N, Bicakcigil M, Tasan DA, et al. Comparative performance analysis of 4 different anti-citrullinated protein assays in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2009 Mar;36(3):491–500.
  • Correia ML, Carvalho S, Fortuna J, et al. Comparison of three anti-CCP antibody tests and rheumatoid factor in RA and control patients. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2008 Feb;34(1):21–25.
  • Block DR, Jenkins SM, Dalenberg DA, et al. Analytical and clinical comparison of anti-CCP assays with rheumatoid factor for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chim Acta. 2012 Jun 14;413(11–12):1015–1017.
  • Barouta G, Katsiari CG, Alexiou I, et al. Anti-MCV antibodies predict radiographic progression in Greek patients with very early (<3 months duration) rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2017 Apr;36(4):885–894.
  • Demoruelle MK, Parish MC, Derber LA, et al. Performance of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide assays differs in subjects at increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis and subjects with established disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Sep;65(9):2243–2252.
  • Song J, Li M, Li S, et al. Diagnostic value of third generation anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide assay in rheumatoid factor negative rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2016;9(10):10728–10733.
  • Santiago M, Baron M, Miyachi K, et al. A comparison of the frequency of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides using a third generation anti-CCP assay (CCP3) in systemic sclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2008 Jan;27(1):77–83.
  • Malher M, Bentow C, Albesa R, et al. P024 Comparison of CCP2 and CCP3 assays in a large cohort of established rheumatoid arthritis and controls. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2018. BMJ 2018;Supl.1:PO24.
  • Despres N, Boire G, Lopez-Longo FJ, et al. The Sa system: a novel antigen-antibody system specific for rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1994 Jun;21(6):1027–1033. PubMed PMID: 7932409.
  • Vossenaar ER, Despres N, Lapointe E, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis specific anti-Sa antibodies target citrullinated vimentin. Arthritis Res Ther. 2004;6(2):R142–50. PubMed PMID: 15059278; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC400433.
  • Bang H, Egerer K, Gauliard A, et al. Mutation and citrullination modifies vimentin to a novel autoantigen for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Aug;56(8):2503–2511. PubMed PMID: 17665451.
  • Van Steendam K, Tilleman K, Deforce D. The relevance of citrullinated vimentin in the production of antibodies against citrullinated proteins and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011 May;50(5):830–837. PubMed PMID: 21278075; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3077912.
  • Szarka E, Babos F, Magyar A, et al. Recognition of new citrulline-containing peptide epitopes by autoantibodies produced in vivo and in vitro by B cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Immunology. 2014 Feb;141(2):181–191. PubMed PMID: 24116744; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3904239.
  • Zhu JN, Nie LY, Lu XY, et al. Meta-analysis: compared with anti-CCP and rheumatoid factor, could anti-MCV be the next biomarker in the rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria? Clin Chem Lab Med. 2019 Oct 25;57(11):1668–1679. PubMed PMID: 31141478.
  • Lee YH, Bae SC, Song GG. Diagnostic accuracy of anti-MCV and anti-CCP antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Z Rheumatol. 2015 Dec;74(10):911–918. PubMed PMID: 26111961.
  • Zahran WE, Mahmoud MI, Shalaby KA, et al. Unique correlation between mutated citrullinated vimentine IgG autoantibodies and markers of systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2013 Jul;28(3):272–276. PubMed PMID: 24426223; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3689334.
  • Dalmady S, Kiss M, Kepiro L, et al. Higher levels of autoantibodies targeting mutated citrullinated vimentin in patients with psoriatic arthritis than in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013;2013:474028. PubMed PMID: 23573111; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3614022.
  • Qin X, Deng Y, Xu J, et al. Meta-analysis: diagnostic value of serum anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2011 Jun;31(6):785–794.
  • Li X, Wang Z, Yi H, et al. Meta-analysis: diagnostic accuracy of the citrullinated peptides derived from fibrinogen and vimentin in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2020 Apr;39(4):1111–1120.
  • Perez T, Ercilla G, Chan WC, et al. Antigenicity of chimeric and cyclic synthetic peptides based on nonstructural proteins of GBV-C/HGV. J Pept Sci. 2006 Apr;12(4):267–278. PubMed PMID: 16180243.
  • Sanmarti R, Graell E, Perez ML, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of antibodies against chimeric fibrin/filaggrin citrullinated synthetic peptides in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(5):R135. PubMed PMID: 19725967; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2787276.
  • Lu Y, Li Z, Teng H, et al. Chimeric peptide constructs comprising linear B-cell epitopes: application to the serodiagnosis of infectious diseases. Sci Rep. 2015 Aug 21;5(1):13364. PubMed PMID: 26293607; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4543967.
  • Singh S, Li H. Validation of chimeric fusion peptides using proteomics data. Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2079:117–124. PubMed PMID: 31728966.
  • Malakoutikhah M, Gomara MJ, Gomez-Puerta JA, et al. The use of chimeric vimentin citrullinated peptides for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. J Med Chem. 2011 Nov 10;54(21):7486–7492. PubMed PMID: 21981664.
  • Mezo G, Hudecz F. Synthesis of linear, branched, and cyclic peptide chimera. Methods Mol Biol. 2005;298:63–76. PubMed PMID: 16044540.
  • Garcia-Moreno C, Gomara MJ, Bleda MJ, et al. Development of a multiplex assay based on chimeric citrullinated peptides as proof of concept for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One. 2019;14(5):e0215927. PubMed PMID: 31048864; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6497438.
  • Bicker KL, Thompson PR. The protein arginine deiminases: structure, function, inhibition, and disease. Biopolymers. 2013 Feb;99(2):155–163. PubMed PMID: 23175390; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3507426.
  • Foulquier C, Sebbag M, Clavel C, et al. Peptidyl arginine deiminase type 2 (PAD-2) and PAD-4 but not PAD-1, PAD-3, and PAD-6 are expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovium in close association with tissue inflammation. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Nov;56(11):3541–3553. PubMed PMID: 17968929.
  • Andrade F, Darrah E, Gucek M, et al. Autocitrullination of human peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 regulates protein citrullination during cell activation. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Jun;62(6):1630–1640. PubMed PMID: 20201080; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2951335.
  • Arnoux F, Mariot C, Peen E, et al. Peptidyl arginine deiminase immunization induces anticitrullinated protein antibodies in mice with particular MHC types. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Nov 21;114(47):E10169–e10177. PubMed PMID: 29109281; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5703315. eng.
  • Martinez-Prat L, Palterer B, Vitiello G, et al. Autoantibodies to protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) 4 in rheumatoid arthritis: immunological and clinical significance, and potential for precision medicine. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2019 Oct;15(10):1073–1087. PubMed PMID: 31524005.
  • Auger I, Balandraud N, Massy E, et al. Peptidylarginine deiminase autoimmunity and the development of anti-citrullinated protein antibody in rheumatoid arthritis: the hapten-carrier model. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020 Jun;72(6):903–911. PubMed PMID: 31820586; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7317357. eng.
  • Mendez-Rayo T, Ochoa-Zárate L, Posso-Osorio I, et al. Interpretation of autoantibodies in rheumatological diseases. Revista Colombiana De Reumatología (English Edition). 2018;25(2):112–125.
  • Auger I, Martin M, Balandraud N, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibodies to peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 inhibit citrullination of fibrinogen. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Jan;62(1):126–131. PubMed PMID: 20039406.
  • Reyes-Castillo Z, Palafox-Sanchez CA, Parra-Rojas I, et al. Comparative analysis of autoantibodies targeting peptidylarginine deiminase type 4, mutated citrullinated vimentin and cyclic citrullinated peptides in rheumatoid arthritis: associations with cytokine profiles, clinical and genetic features. Clin Exp Immunol. 2015 Nov;182(2):119–131. PubMed PMID: 26149185; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4608501.
  • Darrah E, Giles JT, Ols ML, et al. Erosive rheumatoid arthritis is associated with antibodies that activate PAD4 by increasing calcium sensitivity. Sci Transl Med. 2013 May 22;5(186):186ra65. PubMed PMID: 23698378; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3740946.
  • Darrah E, Giles JT, Davis RL, et al. Autoantibodies to peptidylarginine deiminase 2 are associated with less severe disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2696. PubMed PMID: 30515171; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6255931.
  • Darrah E, Davis RL, Curran AM, et al. Citrulline not a major determinant in the recognition of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 and 4 by autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020 Sep;72(9):1476–1482. PubMed PMID: 32255561; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7541452.
  • Perrot L, Hemon M, Busnel JM, et al. First flare of ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021 Jan;3(1):e6–e8. PubMed PMID: 33521668; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7832430. eng.
  • Gracia-Ramos AE, Saavedra-Salinas M. Can the SARS-CoV-2 infection trigger systemic lupus erythematosus? A case-based review. Rheumatol Int. 2021 Feb 4:1–11. PubMed PMID: 33543338; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7861004. eng.
  • Koniusz S, Andrzejewska A, Muraca M, et al. Extracellular vesicles in physiology, pathology, and therapy of the immune and central nervous system, with focus on extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutic tools. Front Cell Neurosci. 2016;10:109. PubMed PMID: 27199663; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4852177.
  • Doyle LM, Wang MZ. Overview of extracellular vesicles, their origin, composition, purpose, and methods for exosome isolation and analysis. Cells. 2019 Jul 15;8(7):727. PubMed PMID: 31311206; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6678302.
  • Raposo G, Stoorvogel W. Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microvesicles, and friends. J Cell Biol. 2013 Feb 18;200(4):373–383. PubMed PMID: 23420871; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3575529.
  • Badierah RA, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. Dancing with Trojan horses: an interplay between the extracellular vesicles and viruses. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2020;1–27.
  • Jan AT, Rahman S, Badierah R, et al. Expedition into exosome biology: a perspective of progress from discovery to therapeutic development. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Mar 8;13(5):1157. PubMed PMID: 33800282; eng.
  • Sprent J. Direct stimulation of naive T cells by antigen-presenting cell vesicles. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2005 Jul-Aug;35(1):17–20. PubMed PMID: 15932799.
  • Li Q, Wang H, Peng H, et al. Exosomes: versatile Nano mediators of immune regulation. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Oct 14;11(10):1557. PubMed PMID: 31615107; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6826959.
  • Tan L, Wu H, Liu Y, et al. Recent advances of exosomes in immune modulation and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity. 2016 Sep;49(6):357–365. PubMed PMID: 27259064.
  • Withrow J, Murphy C, Liu Y, et al. Extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016 Dec 1;18(1):286. PubMed PMID: 27906035; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5134070.
  • Qazi KR, Gehrmann U, Domange Jordo E, et al. Antigen-loaded exosomes alone induce Th1-type memory through a B-cell-dependent mechanism. Blood. 2009 Mar 19;113(12):2673–2683. PubMed PMID: 19176319.
  • Fu H, Hu D, Zhang L, et al. Role of extracellular vesicles in rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Immunol. 2018 Jan;93:125–132. PubMed PMID: 29175592.
  • Foers AD, Cheng L, Hill AF, et al. Review: extracellular vesicles in joint inflammation. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Jul;69(7):1350–1362. PubMed PMID: 28217910.
  • Ghorbani F, Abbaszadeh H, Mehdizadeh A, et al. Biosensors and nanobiosensors for rapid detection of autoimmune diseases: a review. Mikrochim Acta. 2019 Nov 23;186(12):838. PubMed PMID: 31760523.
  • Damborsky P, Svitel J, Katrlik J. Optical biosensors. Essays Biochem. 2016 Jun 30;60(1):91–100. PubMed PMID: 27365039; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4986466.
  • Cho IH, Lee J, Kim J, et al. Current technologies of electrochemical immunosensors: perspective on signal amplification. Sensors (Basel). 2018 Jan 12;18(1):207. PubMed PMID: 29329274; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5796447.
  • Cennamo N, Varriale A, Pennacchio A, et al. An innovative plastic optical fiber-based biosensor for new bio/applications. The case of celiac disease. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2013;176:1008–1014.
  • Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li X, et al. Label-free ECL immunosensor for the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis based on asymmetric heterogeneous polyaniline-gold nanomaterial. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2018;257:354–361.
  • Huang Y, Xu J, Liu J, et al. Disease-related detection with electrochemical biosensors: a review. Sensors (Basel). 2017 Oct 17;17(10):2375. PubMed PMID: 29039742; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5676665.
  • Puertas S, De Gracia Villa M, Mendoza E, et al. Improving immunosensor performance through oriented immobilization of antibodies on carbon nanotube composite surfaces. Biosens Bioelectron. 2013 May 15;43:274–280. PubMed PMID: 23333923.
  • Villa Mde G, Jimenez-Jorquera C, Haro I, et al. Carbon nanotube composite peptide-based biosensors as putative diagnostic tools for rheumatoid arthritis. Biosens Bioelectron. 2011 Sep 15;27(1):113–118. PubMed PMID: 21764288.
  • Fagundez P, Branas G, Cairoli E, et al. An electrochemical biosensor for rapid detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies in absolute scale. Analyst. 2018 Aug 6;143(16):3874–3882. PubMed PMID: 30019710.
  • Guerrero S, Sanchez-Tirado E, Martinez-Garcia G, et al. Electrochemical biosensor for the simultaneous determination of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in human serum. Analyst. 2020 Jul 7;145(13):4680–4687. PubMed PMID: 32458832.
  • Yagati AK, Pyun JC, Min J, et al. Label-free and direct detection of C-reactive protein using reduced graphene oxide-nanoparticle hybrid impedimetric sensor. Bioelectrochemistry. 2016 Feb;107:37–44. PubMed PMID: 26523504.
  • Derkus B, Emregul E, Yucesan C, et al. Myelin basic protein immunosensor for multiple sclerosis detection based upon label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Biosens Bioelectron. 2013 Aug 15;46:53–60. PubMed PMID: 23500477.
  • Chinnadayyala SR, Cho S. Electrochemical immunosensor for the early detection of rheumatoid arthritis biomarker: anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody in human serum based on avidin-biotin system. Sensors (Basel). 2020 Dec 28;21(1):124. PubMed PMID: 33379138; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7795521.
  • Ahsan H, Ahmad R Multiplex technology for biomarker immunoassays. Innate Immunity in Health and Disease: IntechOpen; 2020.
  • Christopher-Hennings J, Araujo KP, Souza CJ, et al. Opportunities for bead-based multiplex assays in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2013 Nov;25(6):671–691. PubMed PMID: 24153036.
  • Laborde CM, Castro-Santos P, Diaz-Pena R. Contribution of multiplex immunoassays to rheumatoid arthritis management: from biomarker discovery to personalized medicine. J Pers Med. 2020 Oct 30;10(4):202. PubMed PMID: 33142977; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7712300.
  • Avaniss-Aghajani E, Berzon S, Sarkissian A. Clinical value of multiplexed bead-based immunoassays for detection of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007 May;14(5):505–509. PubMed PMID: 17376860; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC1865627.
  • Tate J, Ward G. Interferences in immunoassay. Clin Biochem Rev. 2004 May;25(2):105–120. PubMed PMID: 18458713; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC1904417.
  • Ward G, Simpson A, Boscato L, et al. The investigation of interferences in immunoassay. Clin Biochem. 2017 Dec;50(18):1306–1311. PubMed PMID: 28847718.
  • Juncker D, Bergeron S, Laforte V, et al. Cross-reactivity in antibody microarrays and multiplexed sandwich assays: shedding light on the dark side of multiplexing. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2014 Feb;18:29–37. PubMed PMID: 24534750.
  • Pepin D, Xiao Q. Multiplex immunoassay detection of autoimmune disease autoantibodies in serum and plasma. Am Assoc Immnol. 2018.
  • Satoh M, Tanaka S, Chan EK. The uses and misuses of multiplex autoantibody assays in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol. 2015;6:181. PubMed PMID: 25954274; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4404943.
  • Van Heemst J, Trouw LA, Nogueira L, et al. An investigation of the added value of an ACPA multiplex assay in an early rheumatoid arthritis setting. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015 Oct 5;17(1):276. PubMed PMID: 26437716; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4595184.
  • Govindarajan R, Duraiyan J, Kaliyappan K, et al. Microarray and its applications. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2012 Aug;4(Suppl 2):S310–2. PubMed PMID: 23066278; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3467903.
  • Rho JH, Lampe PD. High-throughput screening for native autoantigen-autoantibody complexes using antibody microarrays. J Proteome Res. 2013 May 3;12(5):2311–2320. PubMed PMID: 23541305; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3680356.
  • Venkatasubbarao S. Microarrays–status and prospects. Trends Biotechnol. 2004 Dec;22(12):630–637. PubMed PMID: 15542153.
  • Fici DA, McCormick W, Brown DW, et al. A protein multiplex microarray substrate with high sensitivity and specificity. J Immunol Methods. 2010 Dec 15;363(1):60–66. PubMed PMID: 20974147; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2997129.
  • Joos T, Bachmann J. Protein microarrays: potentials and limitations. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2009 Jan 1;(14):4376–4385. PubMed PMID: 19273356.
  • Feng Y, Ke X, Ma R, et al. Parallel detection of autoantibodies with microarrays in rheumatoid diseases. Clin Chem. 2004 Feb;50(2):416–422. PubMed PMID: 14670825.
  • Konig MF, Giles JT, Nigrovic PA, et al. Antibodies to native and citrullinated RA33 (hnRNP A2/B1) challenge citrullination as the inciting principle underlying loss of tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Nov;75(11):2022–2028. PubMed PMID: 26865600.
  • Brink M, Hansson M, Mathsson L, et al. Multiplex analyses of antibodies against citrullinated peptides in individuals prior to development of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Apr;65(4):899–910. PubMed PMID: 23310951.
  • Cambridge G, Leandro MJ, Lahey LJ, et al. B cell depletion with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: multiplex bead array reveals the kinetics of IgG and IgA antibodies to citrullinated antigens. J Autoimmun. 2016 Jun;70:22–30. PubMed PMID: 27055777.
  • Szodoray P, Alex P. Protein array diagnostics for guiding therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Diagn Ther. 2011 Oct 1;15(5):247–254. PubMed PMID: 22047152.
  • Zheng Z, Mergaert AM, Fahmy LM, et al. Disordered antigens and epitope overlap between anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020 Feb;72(2):262–272. PubMed PMID: 31397047; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6994383.
  • Weisel JW, Litvinov RI. Fibrin formation, structure and properties. Subcell Biochem. 2017;82:405–456. PubMed PMID: 28101869; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5536120.
  • Ho PP, Lee LY, Zhao X, et al. Autoimmunity against fibrinogen mediates inflammatory arthritis in mice. J Immunol. 2010 Jan 1;184(1):379–390. PubMed PMID: 19949094; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3412066.
  • Sharma M, Damgaard D, Senolt L, et al. Expanding the citrullinome of synovial fibrinogen from rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Proteomics. 2019 Sep 30;208:103484. PubMed PMID: 31408709.
  • Hermansson M, Artemenko K, Ossipova E, et al. MS analysis of rheumatoid arthritic synovial tissue identifies specific citrullination sites on fibrinogen. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2010 May;4(5):511–518. PubMed PMID: 21137068.
  • Wang F, Chen FF, Gao WB, et al. Identification of citrullinated peptides in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis using LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Sep;35(9):2185–2194. PubMed PMID: 27060082; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4989008.
  • Raijmakers R, Van Beers JJ, El-Azzouny M, et al. Elevated levels of fibrinogen-derived endogenous citrullinated peptides in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012 May 14;14(3):R114. PubMed PMID: 22584083; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3446491.
  • Tabushi Y, Nakanishi T, Takeuchi T, et al. Detection of citrullinated proteins in synovial fluids derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis by proteomics-based analysis. Ann Clin Biochem. 2008 Jul;45(Pt 4):413–417. PubMed PMID: 18583628.
  • Kim JS, Choi M, Choi JY, et al. Implication of the association of fibrinogen citrullination and osteoclastogenesis in bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Cells. 2020 Dec 20;9(12):2720. PubMed PMID: 33419308; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7766778.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.