Attributable societal costs of first-incident obesity-related cardiovascular comorbidities in Denmark

References

• NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2017 Dec 16;390(10113):2627–2642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen HAR, Davidsen M, Ekholm O, et al. Danskernes sundhed - den nationale sundhedsprofil 2017 [The Danish National Health Survey 2017]. Copenhagen (Denmark): Danish Health Authority; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Lund S, Frederiksen K. Notat om fremskrivning af prævalensen af overvægt i Danmark til 2045. Denmark: Danish Cancer Society; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Wormser D, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, et al. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. Lancet. 2011 Mar 26;377(9771):1085–1095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu Y, Hajifathalian K, Ezzati M, et al. Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospective cohorts with 1·8 million participants. Lancet. 2014 Mar 15;383(9921):970–983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Global BMI Mortality Collaboration. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet. 2016 Aug 20;388(10046):776–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyppönen E, Mulugeta A, Zhou A, et al. A data-driven approach for studying the role of body mass in multiple diseases: a phenome-wide registry-based case-control study in the UK Biobank. Lancet Digit Health. 2019 Jul;1(3):e116–e126. .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kjellberg J, Tange Larsen A, Ibsen R, et al. The socioeconomic burden of obesity. Obes Facts. 2017;10(5): 493–502. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan SS, Ning H, Wilkins JT, et al. Association of body mass index with lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease and compression of morbidity. JAMA Cardiol. 2018 Apr 1;3(4):280–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apovian CM, Aronne LJ, Bessesen DH, et al. Pharmacological management of obesity: an endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Feb;100(2):342–362. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maclean PS, Bergouignan A, Cornier MA, et al. Biology’s response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2011 Sep;301(3):R581–600. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American college of cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines and the obesity society. Circulation. 2014 Jun 24;129(25 Suppl 2):S102–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Obesity Federation. Calculating the costs of the consequences of obesity [Internet]. World Obesity Federation; 2019 [cited 2021 Jan]. Available from: https://www.worldobesity.org/resources/resource-library/calculating-the-costs-of-the-consequences-of-obesity
   Google Scholar
• Kent S, Fusco F, Gray A, et al. Body mass index and healthcare costs: a systematic literature review of individual participant data studies. Obes Rev. 2017 Aug;18(8):869–879. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tremmel M, Gerdtham UG, Nilsson PM, et al. Economic burden of obesity: a systematic literature review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Apr 19;14(4):435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goettler A, Grosse A, Sonntag D. Productivity loss due to overweight and obesity: a systematic review of indirect costs. BMJ Open. 2017 Oct 5;7(10):e014632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt M, Schmidt SA, Sandegaard JL, et al. The Danish national patient registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential. Clin Epidemiol. 2015;7:449–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen JS, Olivarius Nde F, Krasnik A. The Danish national health service register. Scand J Public Health. 2011 Jul;39(7 Suppl):34–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pottegård A, Schmidt SAJ, Wallach-Kildemoes H, et al. Data resource profile: the Danish national prescription registry. Int J Epidemiol. 2017 Jun 1;46(3):798–798f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt M, Pedersen L, Sørensen HT. The Danish civil registration system as a tool in epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014 Aug;29(8):541–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baadsgaard M, Quitzau J. Danish registers on personal income and transfer payments. Scand J Public Health. 2011 Jul;39(7 Suppl):103–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen VM, Rasmussen AW. Danish Education Registers. Scand J Public Health. 2011 Jul;39(7 Suppl):91–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersson F, Baadsgaard M, Thygesen LC. Danish registers on personal labour market affiliation. Scand J Public Health. 2011 Jul;39(7 Suppl):95–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Finance. Den samfundsøkonomiske diskonteringsrente [Internet]. Copenhagen (Denmark): Ministry of Finance; 2018 [cited 2019 Oct]. Available from https://www.fm.dk/oekonomi-og-tal/finansministeriets-regnemetoder
   Google Scholar
• Kjellberg J, Tikkanen CK, Bagger M, et al. Short-term societal economic burden of first-incident type 2 diabetes-related complications - a nationwide cohort study. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2020 Dec;20(6):577–586. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danish Health Authority. Danskernes sundhed - den nationale sundhedsprofil 2013. Copenhagen (Denmark): Danish Health Authority; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Le Roux CW, Chubb B, Nørtoft E, et al. Obesity and healthcare resource utilization: results from clinical practice research database (CPRD). Obes Sci Pract. 2018 Oct;4(5):409–416. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudisill C, Charlton J, Booth HP, et al. Are healthcare costs from obesity associated with body mass index, comorbidity or depression? Cohort study using electronic health records. Clin Obes. 2016 Jun;6(3):225–231. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Roux CW, Hartvig NV, Haase CL, et al. Obesity, cardiovascular risk and healthcare resource utilization in the UK. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020 May 27:2047487320925639. DOI:10.1177/2047487320925639
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma C, Avenell A, Bolland M, et al. Effects of weight loss interventions for adults who are obese on mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2017 Nov 14;359:j4849. .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neter JE, Stam BE, Kok FJ, et al. Influence of weight reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension. 2003 Nov;42(5):878–884. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dattilo AM, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Aug;56(2):320–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haase CL, Lopes S, Olsen AH, et al. Weight loss and risk reduction of obesity-related outcomes in 0.5 million people: evidence from a UK primary care database. Int J Obes (Lond). 2021 Mar 3; 10.1038/s41366-021-00788-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaede P, Oellgaard J, Carstensen B, et al. Years of life gained by multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: 21 years follow-up on the Steno-2 randomised trial. Diabetologia. 2016 Nov;59(11):2298–2307. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaede J, Oellgaard J, Ibsen R, et al. A cost analysis of intensified vs conventional multifactorial therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the Steno-2 study. Diabetologia. 2019 Jan;62(1):147–155. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia M, Mulvagh SL, Merz CN, et al. Cardiovascular disease in women: clinical perspectives. Circ Res. 2016 Apr 15;118(8):1273–1293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar