Measuring valued output in primary care: challenges and reconciliation

References

• Starfield B. The future of primary care: refocusing the system. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(20):2087–2091. DOI:10.1056/NEJMp0805763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starfield B. Is primary care essential? Lancet. 1994;344(8930):1129–1133. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90634-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vedsted P, Olesen F. Are the serious problems in cancer survival partly rooted in gatekeeper principles? An ecologic study. Br J Gen Pract. 2011 Aug;61(589):e508–12. doi:10.3399/bjgp11X588484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schäfer WL, Boerma WG, Kringos DS, et al. Measures of quality, costs and equity in primary health care instruments developed to analyse and compare primary care in 35 countries. Qual Prim Care. 2013;21(2):67–79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stange KC, Etz RS, Gullett H, et al. Metrics for assessing improvements in primary health care. Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35(1):423–442. DOI:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182438.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haggerty JL, Reid RJ, Freeman GK, et al. Continuity of care: a multidisciplinary review. BMJ. 2003;327:1219–1221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill PJ, Roberts NW, Wang KY, et al. Development of a search filter for identifying studies completed in primary care. Fam Pract. 2014 Dec;31(6):739–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terwee CB, Jansma EP, Riphagen II, et al. Development of a methodological PubMed search filter for finding studies on measurement properties of measurement instruments. Qual Life Res. 2009 Oct;18(8):1115–1123. doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9528-5. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower P. What dimensions underlie patient responses to the General Practice Assessment Survey? A factor analytic study. Family Practice. 2002 Oct;19(5):489–495. doi:10.1093/fampra/19.5.489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchholz A, Hölzel L, Kriston L, et al. Die Decisional Conflict Scale in deutscher Sprache (DCS-D) – Dimensionale Struktur in einer Stichprobe von Hausarztpatienten. Klin: Diagnostik u Evaluation. 2011;4:15–30.
   Google Scholar
• Etz RS, Zyzanski SJ, Gonzalez MM, et al. A new comprehensive measure of high-value aspects of primary care. Ann Fam Med. 2019;17(3):221–230. DOI:10.1370/afm.2393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flocke SA. Measuring attributes of primary care: development of a new instrument. J Fam Pract. 1997 Jul;45(1):64–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glasgow RE, Wagner EH, Schaefer J, et al. Development and validation of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC). Med Care. 2005 May;43(5):436–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulliford M, Cowie L, Morgan M. Relational and management continuity survey in patients with multiple long-term conditions. J Health Serv Res Pol. 2011;16:67–74. doi: 10.1258/jhsrp.2010.010015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haggerty JL, Roberge D, Freeman GK, et al. Validation of a generic measure of continuity of care: when patients encounter several clinicians. Ann Fam Med. 2012 Sep;10(5):443–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibbard JH, Stockard J, Mahoney ER, et al. Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM): conceptualizing and measuring activation in patients and consumers. Health Serv Res. 2004 Aug;39(4 Pt 1):1005–1026. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00269.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmboe O, Iversen HH, Danielsen K, et al. The Norwegian patient experiences with GP questionnaire (PEQ-GP): reliability and construct validity following a national survey. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e016644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howie JG, Heaney DJ, Maxwell M, et al. A comparison of a patient enablement instrument (PEI) against two established satisfaction scales as an outcome measure of primary care consultations. Fam Pract. 1998;15:165–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson SS, Vuong O, Ding L, et al. Development of and Field Test Results for the CAHPS PCMH Survey. Med Care. 2012;50:S2–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd H, Fosh B, Whalley B, et al. Validation of the person-centred coordinated care experience questionnaire (P3CEQ). Int J Qual Health Care. 2019 Aug 1;31(7):506–512. DOI:10.1093/intqhc/mzy212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer SW, Howie JG. CQI-2–a new measure of holistic interpersonal care in primary care consultations. Br J Gen Pract. 2006 Apr;56(525):262–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odom Walker K, Stewart AL, Grumbach K. Development of a survey instrument to measure patient experience of integrated care. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16(1):193. DOI:10.1186/s12913-016-1437-z.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ricci-Cabello I, Avery AJ, Reeves D, et al. Measuring Patient Safety in Primary Care: the Development and Validation of the “Patient Reported Experiences and Outcomes of Safety in Primary Care (PREOS-PC). Ann Fam Med. 2016;14:253–261. DOI:10.1370/afm.1935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer SJ, Friedberg MW, Kiang MV, et al. Development and Preliminary Validation of the Patient Perceptions of Integrated Care Survey. Med Care Res Rev. 2013;70(2):143–164. DOI:10.1177/1077558712465654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Melle MA, van Stel HF, Poldervaart JM, et al. The transitional risk and incident questionnaire was valid and reliable for measuring transitional patient safety from the patients’ perspective. J Clin Epidemiol. 2019 Jan;105:40–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlateva I, Anderson D, Coman E, et al. Development and validation of the Medical Home Care Coordination Survey for assessing care coordination in the primary care setting from the patient and provider perspectives. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015 Jun 7;15(1):226. 10.1186/s12913-015-0893-1. .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Dulmen S, Sluijs E, van Dijk L, et al. Patient adherence to medical treatment: a review of reviews. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007 Apr 17;7(1):55. DOI:10.1186/1472-6963-7-55
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al-Jabr H, Twigg MJ, Scott S, et al. Patient feedback questionnaires to enhance consultation skills of healthcare professionals: a systematic review. Patient Educ Couns. 2018 Sep;101(9):1538–1548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starfield B, Shi L, Macinko J. Contribution of primary care to health systems and health. Milbank Q. 2005;83(3):457–502. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00409.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akman M, Ayhan Başer D, Usanma Koban B, et al. Organization of primary care. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2022;23:1–11. DOI:10.1017/S1463423622000275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira Gray DJ, Sidaway-Lee K, White E, et al. Continuity of care with doctors- a matter of life and death? A systematic review of continuity of care and mortality. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e021161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saltman R, Bankauskaite V, Vrangbaek K. Primary care in the driver’s seat?: organizational reform in European primary care. Vol. 51. Maidenhead, Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education (UK); 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Schäfer WLA, Boerma WGW, van den Berg MJ, et al. Are people’s health care needs better met when primary care is strong? A synthesis of the results of the QUALICOPC study in 34 countries. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2019;20:e104. DOI:10.1017/S1463423619000434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Malley AS, Rich EC. Measuring Comprehensiveness of Primary Care: challenges and Opportunities. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30(S3):S568–575. doi:10.1007/s11606-015-3300-z.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freeman G, Hjortdahl P. What future for continuity of care in general practice? BMJ. 1997;314:1870–1873. doi: 10.1136/bmj.314.7098.1870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myin-Germeys I, Kasanova Z, Vaessen T, et al. Experience sampling methodology in mental health research: new insights and technical developments. World Psychiatry. 2018;17(2):123–132. DOI:10.1002/wps.20513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu F, Demosthenes P. Real-world data: a brief review of the methods, applications, challenges and opportunities. BMC Med Res Method. 2022;22:287. doi: 10.1186/s12874-022-01768-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forstner J, Bossert J, Weis A, et al. The role of personalised professional relations across care sectors in achieving high continuity of care. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):72. DOI:10.1186/s12875-021-01418-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gensichen J, Beyer M, Muth C, et al. Case management to improve major depression in primary health care: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 2006 Jan;36(1):7–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bossert J, Forstner J, Villalobos M, et al. What patients with lung cancer with comorbidity tell us about interprofessional collaborative care across healthcare sectors: qualitative interview study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(8):e036495. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Development. Skills Matter: additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills. Paris: OECD Skills Studies; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Boniol M, Kunjumen T, Nair TS, et al. The global health workforce stock and distribution in 2020 and 2030: a threat to equity and ‘universal’ health coverage? BMJ Global Health. 2022;7(6):e009316. DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajat C, Stein E. The global burden of multiple chronic conditions: a narrative review. Prev Med Rep. 2018;12:284–293. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mendenhall E, Kohrt BA, Logie CH, et al. Syndemics and clinical science. Nature Med. 2022;28(7):1359–1362. DOI:10.1038/s41591-022-01888-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyng HB, Macrae C, Guise V, et al. Capacities for resilience in healthcare; a qualitative study across different healthcare contexts. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22(1):474. DOI:10.1186/s12913-022-07887-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar