References
- Granerod J, Ambrose HE, Davies NW, et al. Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(12):835–844.
- Mailles A, Stahl JP. Infectious encephalitis in France in 2007: a national prospective study. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(12):1838–1847.
- Thakur KT, Motta M, Asemota AO, et al. Predictors of outcome in acute encephalitis. Neurology. 2013;81(9):793–800.
- Vora NM, Holman RC, Mehal JM, et al. Burden of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations in the United States, 1998–2010. Neurology. 2014;82(5):443–451.
- Mailles A, De Broucker T, Costanzo P, et al. Long-term outcome of patients presenting with acute infectious encephalitis of various causes in France. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(10):1455–1464.
- Yeshokumar AK, Gordon-Lipkin E, Arenivas A, et al. Neurobehavioral outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol. 2017;312:8–14.
- Yeshokumar AK, Sun LR, Klein JL, et al. Gait disturbance as the presenting symptom in young children with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Pediatrics. 2016;138(3):e1-6.
- Gordon-Lipkin E, Yeshokumar AK, Saylor D, et al. Comparative outcomes in children and adults with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis. J Child Neurol. 2017;32(11):930–935.
- Plikat K, Langgartner J, Buettner R, et al. Frequency and outcome of patients with nonthyroidal illness syndrome in a medical intensive care unit. Metabolism. 2007;56(2):239–244.
- Genovese T, Impellizzeri D, Ahmad A, et al. Post-ischaemic thyroid hormone treatment in a rat model of acute stroke. Brain Res. 2013;1513:92–102.
- Westerholz S, De Lima AD, Voigt T. Regulation of early spontaneous network activity and GABAergic neurons development by thyroid hormone. Neuroscience. 2010;168(2):573–589.
- Bunevicius A, Deltuva VP, Tamasauskas S, et al. Preoperative low tri-iodothyronine concentration is associated with worse health status and shorter five year survival of primary brain tumor patients. Oncotarget. 2017;8(5):8648–8656.
- Ma L, Zhu D, Jiang Y, et al. Low triiodothyronine: a new facet of inflammation in acute ischemic stroke. Clin Chim Acta. 2016;458:63–67.
- Cho EB, Min JH, Cho HJ, et al. Low T3 syndrome in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: associations with disease activity and disability. J Neurol Sci. 2016;370:214–218.
- Bunevicius A, Iervasi G, Bunevicius R. Neuroprotective actions of thyroid hormones and low-T3 syndrome as a biomarker in acute cerebrovascular disorders. Expert Rev Neurother. 2015;15(3):315–326.
- Venkatesan A, Tunkel AR, Bloch KC, et al. Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(8):1114–1128.
- Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, et al. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(4):391–404.
- van Swieten JC, Koudstaal PJ, Visser MC, et al. Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke. 1988;19(5):604–607.
- Hocker SE, Britton JW, Mandrekar JN, et al. Predictors of outcome in refractory status epilepticus. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70(1):72–77.
- Yang N, Zhang DL, Hao JY, et al. Serum levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone in patients with biliogenic and hyperlipidaemic acute pancreatitis: difference and value in predicting disease severity. J Int Med Res. 2016;44(2):267–277.
- De Groot LJ. Non-thyroidal illness syndrome is a manifestation of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, and in view of current evidence, should be treated with appropriate replacement therapies. Crit Care Clin. 2006;22(1):57–86.
- Adler SM, Wartofsky L. The nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2007;36(3):657–672.
- Jiao F, Zhang X, Bai T, et al. Clinical evaluation of the function of hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis in children with central nervous system infections. Ital J Pediatr. 2011;37:11.
- Szychowska Z, Kucharska W. The thyroid function in children with purulent meningitis. Endokrynol Diabetol Chor Przemiany Materii Wieku Rozw. 1998;4(1):19–25.
- Van den Berghe G. The neuroendocrine response to stress is a dynamic process. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;15(4):405–419.
- Peeters RP, Wouters PJ, Kaptein E, et al. Reduced activation and increased inactivation of thyroid hormone in tissues of critically ill patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(7):3202–3211.
- Boelen A, Kwakkel J, Fliers E. Beyond low plasma T3: local thyroid hormone metabolism during inflammation and infection. Endocr Rev. 2011;32(5):670–693.
- Sonneville R, Gault N, de Montmollin E, et al. Clinical spectrum and outcomes of patients with encephalitis requiring intensive care. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(1):6–16, e1.
- Kamei S, Sekizawa T, Shiota H, et al. Evaluation of combination therapy using aciclovir and corticosteroid in adult patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(11):1544–1549.
- Singh TD, Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. The spectrum of acute encephalitis: causes, management, and predictors of outcome. Neurology. 2015;84(4):359–366.
- Kalita J, Mani VE, Bhoi SK, et al. Spectrum and outcome of acute infectious encephalitis/encephalopathy in an intensive care unit from India. Qjm. 2017;110(3):141–148.
- Chi X, Wang W, Huang C, et al. Risk factors for mortality in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017;136(4):298–304.
- Zhao L, Zhou M, Wang B, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of clinically diagnosed viral encephalitis in southwest China. Neurol Sci. 2015;36(12):2191–2197.
- Misra UK, Kalita J, Bhoi SK. Spectrum and outcome predictors of central nervous system infections in a neurological critical care unit in India: a retrospective review. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014;108(3):141–146.
- Dalcomune DM, Terrao J, Porto ML, et al. Predictive value of cystatin C for the identification of illness severity in adult patients in a mixed intensive care unit. Clin Biochem. 2016;49(10–11):762–767.
- Naqvi IH, Mahmood K, Ziaullaha S, et al. Better prognostic marker in ICU – APACHE II, SOFA or SAP II! Pak J Med Sci. 2016;32(5):1146–1151.
- Fernandes D, Goncalves-Pereira J, Janeiro S, et al. Acute bacterial meningitis in the intensive care unit and risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes: retrospective study. J Crit Care. 2014;29(3):347–350.
- Kutlesa M, Barsic B. Therapeutic hypothermia for severe adult Herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2012;124(23–24):855–858.
- Wang W, Li JM, Hu FY, et al. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: clinical characteristics, predictors of outcome and the knowledge gap in southwest China. Eur J Neurol. 2016;23(3):621–629.
- Glaser CA, Honarmand S, Anderson LJ, et al. Beyond viruses: clinical profiles and etiologies associated with encephalitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(12):1565–1577.
- de Montmollin E, Demeret S, Brule N, et al. Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis in adult patients requiring intensive care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(4):491–499.
- Dubey D, Farzal Z, Hays R, et al. Evaluation of positive and negative predictors of seizure outcomes among patients with immune-mediated epilepsy: a meta-analysis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2016;9(5):369–377.