References
- Bruck W, Gold R, Lund BT, et al. Therapeutic decisions in multiple sclerosis: moving beyond efficacy. JAMA Neurol. 2013;1315–1324.
- Kabat EA, Moore DH, Landow H. An electrophoretic study of the protein components in cerebrospinal fluid and their relationship to the serum proteins. J Clin Invest. 1942;21:571–577.
- Holmoy T. The discovery of oligoclonal bands: a 50-year anniversary. Eur Neurol. 2009;62:311–315.
- Obermeier B, Lovato L, Mentele R, et al. Related B cell clones that populate the CSF and CNS of patients with multiple sclerosis produce CSF immunoglobulin. J Neuroimmunol. 2011;245–248.
- von Budingen HC, Gulati M, Kuenzle S, et al. Clonally expanded plasma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central nervous system autoimmune demyelination produce “oligoclonal bands”. J Neuroimmunol. 2010;218:134–139.
- Correale J, de Los Milagros Bassani Molinas M. Oligoclonal bands and antibody responses in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2002;249:375–389.
- Jarius S, Eichhorn P, Franciotta D, et al. The MRZ reaction as a highly specific marker of multiple sclerosis: re-evaluation and structured review of the literature. J Neurol. 2017;264:453–466.
- Freedman MS, Thompson EJ, Deisenhammer F, et al. Recommended standard of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement. Arch Neurol. 2005;62:865–870.
- Felgenhauer K, Reiber H. The diagnostic significance of antibody specificity indices in multiple sclerosis and herpes virus induced diseases of the nervous system. Clin Investig. 1992;70:28–37.
- Reiber H, Lange P. Quantification of virus-specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum: sensitive and specific detection of antibody synthesis in brain. Clin Chem. 1991;37:1153–1160.
- Reiber H. Flow rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–a concept common to normal blood-CSF barrier function and to dysfunction in neurological diseases. J Neurol Sci. 1994;122:189–203.
- Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17:162–173.
- Rommer PS, Zettl UK. Applying the 2017 McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17:497–498.
- Axelsson M, Mattsson N, Malmestrom C, et al. The influence of disease duration, clinical course, and immunosuppressive therapy on the synthesis of intrathecal oligoclonal IgG bands in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2013;264:100–105.
- Farina G, Magliozzi R, Pitteri M, et al. Increased cortical lesion load and intrathecal inflammation is associated with oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis patients: a combined CSF and MRI study. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14:40.
- Godec MS, Asher DM, Murray RS, et al. Absence of measles, mumps, and rubella viral genomic sequences from multiple sclerosis brain tissue by polymerase chain reaction. Ann Neurol. 1992;32:401–404.
- Kowarik MC, Cepok S, Sellner J, et al. CXCL13 is the major determinant for B cell recruitment to the CSF during neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9:93.
- von Glehn F, Farias AS, de Oliveira AC, et al. Disappearance of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands after natalizumab treatment of multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler. 2012;18:1038–1041.
- Harrer A, Tumani H, Niendorf S, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid parameters of B cell-related activity in patients with active disease during natalizumab therapy. Mult Scler. 2013;19:1209–1212.
- Bar-Or A, Gelfand J, Fiore D, et al. Interim analysis of the OBOE (Ocrelizumab Biomarker Outcome Evaluation) Study in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (S24.002). Neurology. 2018;90(15Supplement).
- Lassmann H, van Horssen J, Mahad D. Progressive multiple sclerosis: pathology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2012;8:647–656.
- Rommer PS, Kamin F, Petzold A, et al. Effects of repeated intrathecal triamcinolone-acetonide application on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of axonal damage and glial activity in multiple sclerosis patients. Mol Diagn Ther. 2014;18:631–637.