Do we need to reconsider the classification of vestibular migraine?

References

• Stovner L, Andree C. Prevalence of headache in Europe: a review for the Eurolight project. J Headache Pain. 2010;11(4):289–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kissoon NR, Cutrer FM. Aura and other neurologic dysfunction in or with migraine. Headache. 2017;57(7):1179–1194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yollu U, Uluduz DU, Yilmaz M, et al. Vestibular migraine screening in a migraine-diagnosed patient population, and assessment of vestibulocochlear function. Clin Otolaryngol. 2017;42(2):225–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipton R, Bigal M, Diamond M, et al. Migraine prevalence, disease burden, and the need for migraine preventive therapy. Neurology. 2007;68(5):343–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt T, Strupp M. Migraine and vertigo: classification, clinical features and special treatment considerations. Headache Curr. 2006;3(1):12–19.
   Google Scholar
• Strupp M, Mandalà M, López-Escámez J. Peripheral vestibular disorders: an update. Curr Opin Neurol. 2019;32(1):165–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebron D, Vasconcellos E. The episodic syndromes that maybe associated with migraines. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology. 2016;23(1):6–10
   Google Scholar
• Akdal G, Baykan B, Ertaş M, et al. Population-based study of vestibular symptoms in migraineurs. Acta Otolaryngol. 2015;135(5):435–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Megrim O. Sick-headache, and some allied disorders, a contribution to the pathology of nerve-storms. Ind Med Gaz. 1873;8:305–306.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen JM, Bigal ME, Newman LC. Migraine and vestibular symptoms-identifying clinical features that predict “vestibular migraine”. Headache. 2011;51(9):1393–1397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinosa-Sánchez JM, López-Escámez JA. Vestibular migraine: an emerging diagnosis. Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola. 2013;64(6):387–388.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cho SJ, Kim BK, Kim BS, et al. Vestibular migraine in multicenter neurology clinics according to the appendix criteria in the third beta edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Cephalalgia. 2015;36(5):454–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo B, Teggi R. On behalf of NP. Vestibular migraine: who is the patient? Neurol Sci. 2017;38(S1):107–110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lempert T, Olesen J, Furman J, et al. Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria. Consensus document of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society. Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola. 2013;64(6):428–433.
   Google Scholar
• Olesen J. Headache classification committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Cephalalgia. 2018;38: 1–211. 3rd edition.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinsley A, Rothrock J. What are we missing in the diagnostic criteria for migraine? Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2018;22(12):84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho G, Vianna-Bell F, Florencio L, et al. Presence of vestibular symptoms and related disability in migraine with and without aura and chronic migraine. Cephalalgia. 2019;39(1):29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai J, Liu T. Proposal for a new diagnosis for cochlear migraine. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;14(3):185–186.
   Google Scholar
• Frejo L, Martin-Sanz E, Teggi R, et al. Extended phenotype and clinical subgroups in unilateral Meniere disease: a cross-sectional study with cluster analysis. Clin Otolaryngol. 2017;42(6):1172–1180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frejo L, Soto-Varela A, Santos-Perez S, et al. Clinical subgroups in bilateral Meniere disease. Front Neurol. 2016;24:182.
   Google Scholar
• Tabet P, Saliba I. Meniere’s disease and vestibular migraine: updates and review of the literature. J Clin Med Res. 2017;9(9):733–744.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swaminathan A, Smith JH. Migraine and vertigo. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015;15(2):515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frejo L, Giegling I, Teggi R, et al. Genetics of vestibular disorders: pathophysiological insights. J Neurol. 2016;263(S1):45–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gallego-Martinez A, Lopez-Escamez J. Genetic architecture of Meniere’s disease. Hear Res. 2019;397:107872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen JM, Escasena CA. Headache and dizziness: how to differentiate vestibular migraine from other conditions. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2015;19(7):31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murofushi T, Tsubota M, Kitao K, et al. Simultaneous presentation of definite vestibular migraine and definite Ménière’s disease: overlapping syndrome of two diseases. Front Neurol. 2018;9:749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyykkö I, Manchaiah V, Färkkilä M, et al. Association between Ménière’s disease and vestibular migraine. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2019;46(5):724–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyykkö I, Pyykkö N, Manchaiah V. Vestibular drop attacks in Ménière’s disease and its association with migraine. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(7):1907–1916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cederroth C, Lugo A, Edvall N, et al. Association between hyperacusis and tinnitus. J Clin Med. 2020;9(8):2412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coelho CB, Santos R, Campara KF, et al. Classification of tinnitus: multiple causes with the same name. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2020;53(4):515–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furman JM, Balaban CD. Vestibular migraine. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1343(1):90–96.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen WH, Hsu YL, Chen YS, et al. Clocking tinnitus: an audiology symptom of migraine. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2019;177:73–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazzaa N, El Mowafy SS. Clinical features of vestibular migraine in Egypt. Egypt J Ear Nose Throat Allied Sci. 2016;17(1):17–21.
   Google Scholar
• Iljazi A, Ashina H, Lipton RB, et al. Dizziness and vertigo during the prodromal phase and headache phase of migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cephalalgia. 2020;40(10):1095–1103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampl C, Rapoport A, Levin M, et al. Migraine and episodic vertigo: a cohort survey study of their relationship. J Headache Pain. 2019;20(1). DOI:10.1186/s10194-019-0991-2
   Google Scholar
• Gupta SN, Gupta VS, Borad N. Spectrum of migraine variants and beyond: the individual syndromes in children. Brain Dev. 2016;38(1):10–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langhagen T, Landgraf MN, Huppert D, et al. Vestibular migraine in children and adolescents. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2016;20(12):67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahn K. Vertigo and balance in children – diagnostic approach and insights from imaging. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2011;15(4):289–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agessi LM, Villa TR. Vestibular migraine with visual aura and olfactory hallucination in children: two case reports. Neuropediatrics. 2018;49(6):414–416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langhagen T, Lehrer N, Borggraefe I, et al. Vestibular migraine in children and adolescents: clinical findings and laboratory tests. Front Neurol. 2015;5:292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abouzari M, Cheung D, Pham T, et al. The relationship between vestibular migraine and motion sickness susceptibility. Otol Neurotol. 2020;41(8):1116–1121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira CB, Nader SN, Kanashiro AK, et al. Vestibular migraine: vestibular symptom may identify different subgroups. Otol Neurotol. 2016;37(3):281–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuvellier JC, Lépine A. Childhood periodic syndromes. Pediatr Neurol. 2010;42(1):1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calic Z, Nham B, Taylor RL, et al. Vestibular migraine presenting with acute peripheral vestibulopathy: clinical, oculographic and vestibular test profiles. Cephalalgia Rep. 2020;3:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Brodsky JR, Cusick BA, Zhou G. Evaluation and management of vestibular migraine in children: experience from a pediatric vestibular clinic. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2016;20(1):85–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh SY, Kim DH, Yang TH, et al. Clinical classification and neuro-vestibular evaluation in chronic dizziness. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015;126(1):180–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahn K, Langhagen T, Heinen F. Vertigo and dizziness in children. Curr Opin Neurol. 2015;28(1):78–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming J, Carlsson C. Biomarkers for neurology: guides and lines. Neurology. 2014;83(13):1130–1131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eggers SDZ, Staab JP, Neff BA, et al. Investigation of the coherence of definite and probable vestibular migraine as distinct clinical entities. Otol Neurotol. 2011;32(7):1144–1151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang TC, Wang SJ, Kheradmand A. Vestibular migraine: an update on current understanding and future directions. Cephalalgia. 2020;40(1):107–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frejo L, Gallego-Martinez A, Requena T, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines and response to molds in mononuclear cells of patients with Meniere disease. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flook M, F L, Gallego-Martinez A, et al. Differential proinflammatory signature in vestibular migraine and Meniere disease. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenart N, Brough D, Denes A. Inflammasomes link vascular disease with neuroinflammation and brain disorders. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2016;36(10):1668–1685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaaslan Z, Ö P, Ulukan Ç, et al. Plasma levels of inflammatory mediators in vestibular migraine. Int J Neurosci. 2020;130(4):330–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee Y, Yang Y, Huang P, et al. Exercise suppresses COX-2 pro-inflammatory pathway in vestibular migraine. Brain Res Bull. 2015;116:98–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pham L, Baiocchi L, Kennedy L, et al. The interplay between mast cells, pineal gland, and circadian rhythm: links between histamine, melatonin, and inflammatory mediators. J Pineal Res. 2020;5:e12699.
   Google Scholar
• Radtke A, Von Brevern M, Neuhauser H, et al. Vestibular migraine: long-term follow-up of clinical symptoms and vestibulo-cochlear findings. Neurology 2012;79:1607–1614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kırkım G, Mutlu B, Olgun Y, et al. Comparison of audiological findings in patients with vestibular migraine and migraine. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;55(4):158–161.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murdin L, Premachandra P, Davies R. Sensory dysmodulation in vestibular migraine: an otoacoustic emission suppression study. Laryngoscope. 2010;120(8):1632–1636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murofushi T, Goto F, Tsubota M. Vestibular migraine patients show lack of habituation in auditory middle latency responses to repetitive stimuli: comparison with Meniere’s disease patients. Front Neurol. 2020;11:24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panichi R, Cipriani L, Sarchielli P, et al. Balance control impairment induced after OKS in patients with vestibular migraine: an intercritical marker. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;272(9):2275–2282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorski L, Marques da Silva A, Salvaterra Cusin F, et al. Body balance at static posturography in vestibular migraine. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;85(2):183–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesaroni S, Silva A, Ganança M, et al. Postural control at posturography with virtual reality in the intercritical period of vestibular migraine. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;87(1):35-41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung J, Yoo MH, Song CI, et al. Prognostic significance of vestibulospinal abnormalities in patients with vestibular migraine. Otol Neurotol. 2015;36(2):282-288.
   Google Scholar
• Zaleski A, Bogle J, Starling A, et al. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with vestibular migraine. Otol Neurotol. 2015;36(2):295–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makowiec K, Piker E, Jacobson G, et al. Ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with vestibular migraine. Otol Neurotol. 2018;39(7):e561–e7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujimoto C, Kamogashira T, Takenouchi S, et al. Utriculo-ocular pathway dysfunction is more frequent in vestibular migraine than probable vestibular migraine. J Neurol. 2020;267(8):2340–2346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murofushi T, Tsubota M, Suizu R, et al. Is alteration of tuning property in cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential specific for Ménière’s disease? Front Neurol. 2017;8:193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizk HG, Liu YF, Strange CC, et al. Predictive value of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in the diagnosis of Menière’s disease and vestibular migraine. Otol Neurotol. 2020;41(6):828–835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuniga MG, Janky KL, Schubert MC, et al. Can vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials help differentiate Ménière disease from vestibular migraine? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;146(5):788–796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salviz M, Yuce T, Acar H, et al. Diagnostic value of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in Ménière’s disease and vestibular migraine. J Vestibul Res Equilib Orientat. 2016;25(5–6):261–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor RL, Zagami AS, Gibson WP, et al. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials to sound and vibration: characteristics in vestibular migraine that enable separation from Meniere’s disease. Cephalalgia. 2012;32(3):213–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dlugaiczyk J, Habs M, Dieterich M. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in vestibular migraine and Menière’s disease: cVEMPs make the difference. J Neurol. 2020;267(S1):169–180.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Inoue A, Egami N, Fujimoto C, et al. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in vestibular migraine: do they help differentiating from Menière’s disease? Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2016;125(11):931–937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du Y, Ren L, Liu X, et al. The characteristics of vHIT gain and PR score in peripheral vestibular disorders. In: Acta oto-laryngologica. 2021 Jan;141(1):43-49.
   Google Scholar
• Versino M, Mandalà M, Colnaghi S, et al. The integration of multisensory motion stimuli is impaired in vestibular migraine patients. J Neurol. 2020;267(10):2842–2850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boldingh MI, Ljøstad U, Å M, et al. Comparison of interictal vestibular function in vestibular migraine vs migraine without vertigo. Headache. 2013;53(7):1123–1133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martines F, Dispenza F, Montalbano C, et al. Comparison of electrocochleography and video head impulse test findings in vestibular migraine and Ménière disease: a preliminary study. J Int Adv Otol. 2020;16(2):183–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannigan IP, Welgampola MS, Watson SRD. Dissociation of caloric and head impulse tests: a marker of Meniere’s disease. J Neurol. 2019;268(2):431–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz MS, Egilmez OK, Kara A, et al. Comparison of the results of caloric and video head impulse tests in patients with Meniere’s disease and vestibular migraine. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020
   Google Scholar
• Balcı B, Akdal G. Imbalance, motion sensitivity, anxiety and handicap in vestibular migraine and migraine only patients. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2020;47(5):747–751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King S, Priesol A, Davidi S, et al. Self-motion perception is sensitized in vestibular migraine: pathophysiologic and clinical implications. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):14323.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharon JD, Hullar TE. Motion sensitivity and caloric responsiveness in vestibular migraine and Meniere’s disease. Laryngoscope. 2014;124(4):969–973.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo A, Silvestro M, Tessitore A, et al. Advances in migraine neuroimaging and clinical utility: from the MRI to the bedside. Expert Rev Neurother. 2018;18(7):533–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obermann M, Wurthmann S, Steinberg BS, et al. Central vestibular system modulation in vestibular migraine. Cephalalgia. 2014;34(13):1053–1061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang YJ, Choi JE, Kim MT, et al. Measurement of horizontal ocular deviation on magnetic resonance imaging in various disease with acute vertigo. PloS One. 2019;14(10):e0224605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo A, Silvestro M, Tedeschi G, et al. Physiopathology of migraine: what have we learned from functional imaging? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2017;17(12):95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo A, Marcelli V, Esposito F, et al. Abnormal thalamic function in patients with vestibular migraine. Neurology. 2014;82(23):2120–2126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin J, Kim Y, Kim H, et al. Altered brain metabolism in vestibular migraine: comparison of interictal and ictal findings. Cephalagia. 2014;34(34):58–67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teggi R, Colombo B, Rocca MA, et al. A review of recent literature on functional MRI and personal experience in two cases of definite vestibular migraine. Neurol Sci. 2016;37(9):1399–1402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gürkov R, Kantner C, Strupp M, et al. Endolymphatic hydrops in patients with vestibular migraine and auditory symptoms. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;271(10):2661–2667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun W, Guo P, Ren T, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of intratympanic gadolinium helps differentiate vestibular migraine from Ménière disease. Laryngoscope. 2017;127(10):2382–2388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakada T, Yoshida T, Suga K, et al. Endolymphatic space size in patients with vestibular migraine and Meniere’s disease. J Neurol. 2014;261(11):2079–2084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mfja VDL, Vaidyanathan A, Van Rompaey V, et al. The “hype” of hydrops in classifying vestibular disorders: a narrative review. J Neurol. 2020;267(Suppl 1):197–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abouzari M, Goshtasbi K, Moshtaghi O, et al. Association between vestibular migraine and migraine headache: yet to explore. Otol Neurotol. 2020;41(3):392–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolkiela EA, Elsanadiky HH, Nour YA. A study of the correlation between migraine and vestibular vertigo. Egypt J Ear Nose Throat Allied Sci. 2017;18(2):95–101.
   Google Scholar
• Eppsteiner RW, Smith RJH. Genetic disorders of the vestibular system. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;19(5):397–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinosa-Sanchez J, Lopez-Escamez J. New insights into pathophysiology of vestibular migraine. Front Neurol. 2015;6:6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teggi R, Colombo B, Albera R, et al. Clinical features, familial history, and migraine precursors in patients with definite vestibular migraine: the VM-phenotypes projects. Headache 2018;58(4):534–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balagura G, Riva A, Marchese F, et al. Clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations in PRRT2 Italian patients. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2020;28:193–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JW, Jung JY, Chung YS, et al. Clinical manifestation and prognosis of vestibular migraine according to the vestibular function test results. Korean J Audiol. 2013;17(1):18–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oh E, Shin J, Cho J, et al. TRPM7 as a candidate gene for vestibular migraine. Front Neurol. 2020;11:TR595042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paz-Tamayo A, Perez-Carpena P, Lopez-Escamez J. Systematic review of prevalence studies and familial aggregation in vestibular migraine. Front Genet. 2020;11:954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes S, Male AJ, Ramdharry G, et al. Vestibular dysfunction: a frequent problem for adults with mitochondrial disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019;90(7):838–841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lempert T. Vestibular migraine: classification and clinical features. In: Colombo B, Teggi R. (Eds). Vestibular Migraine and Related Syndromes. 2014. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland. p. 73–82.
   Google Scholar
• Visscher R, Feddermann-Demont N, Romano F, et al. Artificial intelligence for understanding concussion: retrospective cluster analysis on the balance and vestibular diagnostic data of concussion patients. PLoS One. 2019;14(4):e0214525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dornhoffer JR, Liu YF, Donaldson L, et al. Factors implicated in response to treatment/prognosis of vestibular migraine. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;278(1):57–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maranhão E, Maranhão-Filho P, Luiz R, et al. Migraine patients consistently show abnormal vestibular bedside tests. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2016;74(1):22–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lempert T, Neuhauser H. Epidemiology of vertigo, migraine and vestibular migraine. J Neurol. 2009;256(3):333–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abouzari M, Goshtasbi K, Moshtaghi O, et al. Association between vestibular migraine and migraine headache: yet to explore. Otol Neurotol. 2020;41(3):392–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calhoun A, Ford S, Pruitt A, et al. The point prevalence of dizziness or vertigo in migraine and factors that influence presentation. Headache. 2011;51(9):1388–1392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha Y, Kane M, Baloh R. Familial clustering of migraine, episodic vertigo, and Meniere’s disease. Otol Neurotol. 2008;29(1):93–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dichgans M, Freilinger T, Eckstein G, et al. Mutation in the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel SCN1A in familial hemiplegic migraine. Lancet. 2005;366(9483):371–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Fusco M, Marconi R, Silvestri L, et al. Haploinsufficiency of ATP1A2 encoding the Na+/K+ pump alpha2 subunit associated with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2. Nat Genet. 2003;33(2):192–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ducros A, Denier C, Joutel A, et al. The clinical spectrum of familial hemiplegic migraine associated with mutations in a neuronal calcium channel. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(1):17–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahmad F, DePalma S, Merchant S, et al. Locus for familial migrainous vertigo disease maps to chromosome 5q35. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2009;118(9):670–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazquez I, Lopez-Escamez JA. Genetics of recurrent vertigo and vestibular disorders. Curr Genomics. 2011;12(6):443–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caudron S, Boy F, Forestier N, et al. Influence of expectation on postural disturbance evoked by proprioceptive stimulation. Exp Brain Res. 2008;184(1):53–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pham M, Rajić A, Greig J, et al. A scoping review of scoping reviews: advancing the approach and enhancing the consistency. Res Synth Methods. 2014;5(4):371–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar