The management of sleep disturbances in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an update of the literature

References

• Cortese S, Song M, Farhat LC, et al. Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of ADHD from 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries: data, with critical re-analysis, from the global burden of disease study. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28(11):4823–4830. doi: 10.1038/s41380-023-02228-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song P, Zha M, Yang Q, et al. The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2021;11:04009. doi: 10.7189/jogh.11.04009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5-TR. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 2022.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 11th ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Faraone SV, Bellgrove MA, Brikell I, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2024;10(1):11. doi: 10.1038/s41572-024-00495-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faraone SV, Banaschewski T, Coghill D, et al. The World federation of ADHD international consensus statement: 208 evidence-based conclusions about the disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021;128:789–818. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schein J, Adler LA, Childress A, et al. Economic burden of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among adults in the United States: a societal perspective. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2022;28(2):168–179. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2021.21290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds M, Wanni Arachchige Dona S, Gold L, et al. Economic burden and service utilization of children with attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Value Health. 2024;27(2):247–264. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2023.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laufer MW, Denhoff E. Hyperkinetic behavior syndrome in children. J Pediatr. 1957;50(4):463–474. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(57)80257-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. Washinghton (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Association Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Association Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Association Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Pliszka S. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46(7):894–921. doi: 10.1097/chi.0b013e318054e724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolraich ML, Hagan JF Jr., Allan C, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2019;144(4). doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-2528
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortese S, Faraone SV, Konofal E, et al. Sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48(9):894–908. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181ac09c9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Román A, Mitchell R, Cortese S. Sleep in adults with ADHD: systematic review and meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;89:61–71. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahlberg R, Garcia-Argibay M, Taylor M, et al. Prevalence of sleep disorder diagnoses and sleep medication prescriptions in individuals with ADHD across the lifespan: a Swedish nationwide register-based study. BMJ Ment Health. 2023;26(1). doi: 10.1136/bmjment-2023-300809
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cortese S, Brown TE, Corkum P, et al. Assessment and management of sleep problems in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;52(8):784–796. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• der Heijden KB V, Smits MG, Van Someren EJ, et al. Effect of melatonin on sleep, behavior, and cognition in ADHD and chronic sleep-onset insomnia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46(2):233–241. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000246055.76167.0d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss MD, Wasdell MB, Bomben MM, et al. Sleep hygiene and melatonin treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD and initial insomnia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45(5):512–519. doi: 10.1097/01
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• England SJ, Picchietti DL, Couvadelli BV, et al. L-Dopa improves restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements in sleep but not attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder in a double-blind trial in children. Sleep Med. 2011;12(5):471–477. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2011.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sciberras E, Fulton M, Efron D, et al. Managing sleep problems in school aged children with ADHD: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Sleep Med. 2011;12(9):932–935. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2011.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corkum PD, Lingley-Pottie P, et al. Behavioral treatment for diagnosed pediatric insomnia in school-aged children. In: Fifth Annual Conference on Pediatric Sleep Medicine; Denver. CO; 2009 Oct 3.
   Google Scholar
• Rugino TA. Effect on primary sleep disorders when children with ADHD are administered guanfacine extended release. J Atten Disord. 2018;22(1):14–24. doi: 10.1177/1087054714554932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Andel E, Bijlenga D, Vogel SWN, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and delayed sleep phase syndrome in adults: a randomized clinical trial on the effects of chronotherapy on sleep. J Biol Rhythms. 2022;37(6):673–689. doi: 10.1177/07487304221124659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fargason RE, Gamble K, Avis KT, et al. Ramelteon for insomnia related to attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychopharmacol Bull. 2011;44(2):32–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ashkenasi A. Effect of transdermal methylphenidate wear times on sleep in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Neurol. 2011;45(6):381–386. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2011.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangal RB, Blumer JL, Lankford DA, et al. Eszopiclone for insomnia associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2014;134(4):e1095–103. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-4221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumer JL, Findling RL, Shih WJ, et al. Controlled clinical trial of zolpidem for the treatment of insomnia associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children 6 to 17 years of age. Pediatrics. 2009;123(5):e770–6. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiscock H, Sciberras E, Mensah F, et al. Impact of a behavioural sleep intervention on symptoms and sleep in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and parental mental health: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2015;350(jan20 1):h68. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h68
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hiscock H, Mulraney M, Heussler H, et al. Impact of a behavioral intervention, delivered by pediatricians or psychologists, on sleep problems in children with ADHD: a cluster-randomized, translational trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatr. 2019;60(11):1230–1241. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sciberras E, Mulraney M, Mensah F, et al. Sustained impact of a sleep intervention and moderators of treatment outcome for children with ADHD: a randomised controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2020;50(2):210–219. doi: 10.1017/S0033291718004063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos N, Sciberras E, Hiscock H, et al. The efficacy of a brief behavioral sleep intervention in school-aged children with ADHD and comorbid autism spectrum disorder. J Atten Disord. 2019;23(4):341–350. doi: 10.1177/1087054714568565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corkum P, Lingley-Pottie P, Davidson F, et al. Better nights/better days-distance intervention for insomnia in school-aged children with/without ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Psychol. 2016;41(6):701–713. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehri M, Chehrzad MM, Mardani A, et al. The effect of behavioral parent training on sleep problems of school-age children with ADHD: a parallel randomized controlled trial. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2020;34(4):261–267. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah H, Dani A. A study on effect of sleep training program in children with ADHD: a comparative prospective study. J Indian Assoc Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2023;19(4):370–377. doi: 10.1177/09731342231184438
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shokravi FA, Shooshtari MH, Shahatami H. The impact of a sleep hygiene intervention on sleep habits in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Int J Pediatr. 2016;4(12):4117–4126.
   Google Scholar
• Lönn M, Svedberg P, Nygren J, et al. The efficacy of weighted blankets for sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder—A randomized controlled crossover trial. J Sleep Res. 2023;33(2):e13990. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazdanbakhsh K, Aivazy S, Moradi A. The effectiveness of response inhibition cognitive rehabilitation in improving the quality of sleep and behavioral symptoms of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2018;22(2). doi: 10.5812/jkums.77114
   Google Scholar
• Owens JA. A clinical overview of sleep and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;18(2):92 102.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuriyama A, Tabata H. Suvorexant for the treatment of primary insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2017;35:1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cathy MH. 2022. https://clinicalresearch.uhs.nhs.uk/news/digital-support-coming-to-help-children-with-adhd-sleep-better
   Google Scholar
• Becker SP, Epstein JN, Tamm L, et al. Shortened sleep duration causes sleepiness, inattention, and oppositionality in adolescents with attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder: findings from a crossover sleep restriction/extension study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019;58(4):433–442. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.09.439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salanitro M, Wrigley T, Ghabra H, et al. Efficacy on sleep parameters and tolerability of melatonin in individuals with sleep or mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Aug;139:104723. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mombelli S, Bacaro V, Curati S, et al. Non-pharmacological and melatonin interventions for pediatric sleep initiation and maintenance problems: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2023;70:101806. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortese S. Setting the foundations of developmental precision psychiatry for ADHD. Am J Psychiatry. 2021;178(8):677–679. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21050549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar