No association between recent antibiotic use and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from two prospective cohort studies

References

• Tobon GJ, Youinou P, Saraux A. The environment, geo-epidemiology, and autoimmune disease: rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun. 2010;35(1):10–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Barton A, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:18001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam J, Jantan I, Bukhari SJB, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis: recent advances on its etiology, role of cytokines and pharmacotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;92:615–633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konig MF, Abusleme L, Reinholdt J, et al. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced hypercitrullination links periodontal infection to autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(369):369ra176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scher JU, Littman DR, Abramson SB. Review: microbiome in inflammatory arthritis and human rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(1):35–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kharlamova N, Jiang X, Sherina N, et al. Antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis indicate interaction between oral infection, smoking, and risk genes in rheumatoid arthritis etiology. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(3):604–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong D, Dregan A, Ashworth M, et al. Influence of prior antibiotic use on risk of rheumatoid arthritis: case control study in general practice. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020;59(6):1281–1287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sultan AA, Mallen C, Muller S, et al. Antibiotic use and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based case-control study. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olesen SW, Barnett ML, MacFadden DR, et al. The distribution of antibiotic use and its association with antibiotic resistance. Elife. 2018;7:e39435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao Y, Bertoia ML, Lenart EB, et al. Origin, methods, and evolution of the three nurses’ health studies. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(9):1573–1581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparks JA, O’Reilly EJ, Barbhaiya M, et al. Association of fish intake and smoking with risk of rheumatoid arthritis and age of onset: a prospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bengtsson C, Malspeis S, Orellana C, et al. Association between menopausal factors and the risk of seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: results from the nurses’ health studies. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017;69(11):1676–1684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlson EW, Mandl LA, Hankinson SE, et al. Do breast-feeding and other reproductive factors influence future risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Results from the Nurses’ Health Study Arthritis Rheum. 200450(11):3458–3467.
   Google Scholar
• Karlson EW, Sanchez-Guerrero J, Wright EA, et al. A connective tissue disease screening questionnaire for population studies. Ann Epidemiol. 1995;5(4):297–302.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1988;31(3):315–324.
   Google Scholar
• Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(9):1580–1588.
   Google Scholar
• Hu Y, Sparks JA, Malspeis S, et al. Long-term dietary quality and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in women. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(8):1357–1364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Tedeschi SK, Lu B, et al. Long-term physical activity and subsequent risk for rheumatoid arthritis among women: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(9):1460–1471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogrendik M. Antibiotics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Gen Med. 2013;7:43–47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Getts DR, Chastain EML, Terry RL, et al. Virus infection, antiviral immunity, and autoimmunity. Immunol Rev. 2013;255(1):197–209.
   Google Scholar
• Koziel J, Mydel P, Potempa J. The link between periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis: an updated review. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2014;16(3):408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen PR, Kragstrup TW, Deleuran BW, et al. Infections as risk factor for autoimmune diseases – a nationwide study. J Autoimmun. 2016;74:176–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pikwer M, Bergström U, Nilsson JÅ, et al. Early menopause is an independent predictor of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(3):378–381.
   Google Scholar
• Di Giuseppe D, Bottai M, Askling J, et al. Physical activity and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: a population-based prospective study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17(1):40.
   Google Scholar
• Cao Y, Wu K, Mehta R, et al. Long-term use of antibiotics and risk of colorectal adenoma. Gut. 2018;67(4):672–678.
   Google Scholar
• Heianza Y, Ma W, Li X, et al. Duration and life-stage of antibiotic use and risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: prospective cohort study. Circ Res. 2020;126(3):364–373.
   Google Scholar
• Heianza Y, Zheng Y, Ma W, et al. Duration and life-stage of antibiotic use and risk of cardiovascular events in women. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(47):3838–3845.
   Google Scholar
• Aletaha D, Smolen JS. Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: a review. JAMA. 2018;320(13):1360–1372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys JH, Verstappen SM, Hyrich KL, et al. The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in the UK: comparisons using the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria and the 1987 ACR classification criteria. results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(8):1315–1320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvien TK, Uhlig T, Odegard S, et al. Epidemiological aspects of rheumatoid arthritis: the sex ratio. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1069(1):212–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doran MF, Pond GR, Crowson CS, et al. Trends in incidence and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota, over a forty-year period. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(3):625–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugowson CE, Koepsell TD, Voigt LF, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis in women: incidence rates in group health cooperative, Seattle, Washington, 1987-1989. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34(12):1502–1507.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar