Fighting Neo-liberalism with Neo-liberal Discourse: ATTAC Norway, Foucault and Collective Action FramingFootnote1

 1. The author is grateful to Kjell E. Kjellman for encouragement and constructive criticism. The author also wishes to thank Iver B. Neumann, Marcel von der Linden, Ørnulf Seippel and two anonymous referees for helpful comments.

References

• Adresseavisen, Kapitalkreftenes favoritt-ATTAC, T. M⊘rkved, 18 January 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Aftenposten, ATTAC angriper Norge, 24 February 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Aftenposten, Den kapitalistiske trussel?, 1 March 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Aftenposten, MotATTAC er n⊘dvendig, I.M. Eriksen, 2 April 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Aftenposten, Kikkerten for det blinde ⊘yet, J.Rohde & K.Behnke, 5 April 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Aftenposten, En klassisk venstrebevegelse, 1 June 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Åkerstr⊘m, M. & Hellstr⊘m, A. (2001) Mediernas bild av EU-utvidgningen och ATTAC under det svenska ordf⊘randeskape, Lægesrapport, Medie- och kommunikasjonsvetenskaplig institutt and Statsvetenskaplig institutt, Lund Universitet.
   Google Scholar
• Ancelovici , M. 2002 . Organizing against globalization: the case of ATTAC in France . Politics and Society , 13 ( 3 ) : 427 – 463 .
   Google Scholar
• AWP: Another World is Possible. Prospects for Common Struggle and Action, Final resolution from the international conference in Paris, 24–26 June 1999. Available at: http:ATTAC.org/planet/en/resolution.htm .
   Google Scholar
• Bell , D. 1973 . The Coming of Post-industrial Society , (New York: Basic Books)
   Google Scholar
• Benford , R. D. and Snow , D. A. 2000 . Framing processes and social movements: an overview and assessment . Annual Review of Sociology , 26 : 611 – 639 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berntsen , M. S. ATTAC Norway: an anthropological study of the Norwegian branch of a transnational social movement . Cand. polit. thesis . Department of Social Anthropology, University of Oslo . MA
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu , P. 1990 . The Logic of Practice , Oxford : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Buechler , S. M. 1995 . New social movement theories . The Sociological Quarterly , 36 ( 3 ) : 441 – 464 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiapello , E. and Fairclough , N. 2002 . Understanding the new management ideology: a transdisciplinary contribution from critical discourse analysis and new sociology of capitalism . Discourse and Society , 13 ( 2 ) : 185 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, B. M. (2002) Constructing a Social Movement. The case of ATTAC: a case of constructive journalism, Paper presented at the conference ‘Making Social Movements’ at Edgehill College, Queens University, Belfast, June 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, E. (2002) En retorisk analyse af den danske ATTAC-bevægelses f⊘dselsproces – fra eksplosiv inkludering til massiv eksludering, Paper presented at NOPSA. XIII Nordiska Statskundskabskongres Aalborg, 15–17 August 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Clinell , B. 2001 . ATTAC – Grasrotas oppr⊘r mot markedet , Oslo : Pax Forlag .
   Google Scholar
• Cress , D. M. and Snow , D. A. 2000 . The outcomes of homeless mobilization: the influence of organization, disruption, political mediation, and framing . American Journal of Sociology , 105 ( 4 ) : 1063 – 1104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagbladet, ATTAC, men ikke med brustein, N. Drange, 5 June 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Dagbladet, Det Nye Oppr⊘ret. Protesterer mot verden, 13 October 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Dagens Næringsliv, Motangrep på ATTAC, G.S. Br⊘dholt, 30 March 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Dagens Næringsliv, Politikkens hooligans, K. Wiedswang, 23 June 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Dagens Næringsliv, ATTAC er for globalisering, L.O. Goffeng & T. Laudal, 23 August 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Dagsavisen, ATTAC er ikke voldelige, interview with U. Berge, 19 May 2001.
   Google Scholar
• de los Reyes , P. 2000 . Diversity at work: Paradoxes, possibilities and problems in the Swedish Discourse on diversity . Economic and Industrial Democracy , 21 : 253 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edelman , L. B. , Fuller , S. R. and Mara-Drita , I. 2001 . Diversity rhetoric and the managerialization of law . American Journal of Sociology , 106 ( 6 ) : 1589 – 1641 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairclough , N. 1992 . Discourse and Social Change , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fairclough , N. 1995a . Media Discourse , London : Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Fairclough , N. 1995b . Critical Discourse Analysis , London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Ferree , M. M. , Gamson , W. A. , Gerhards , J. and Rucht , D. 2002 . Shaping Abortion Discourse: Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and in the United States , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fiss, P. C. & Hirsch, P. M. (2000) Framing Globalization: The Battle for Definitions of a Contested Issue, Institute for Policy Research. Northwestern University. Unpublished paper.
   Google Scholar
• Flowerdew , J. 2002 . Globalization discourse: a view from the East . Discourse and Society , 13 ( 2 ) : 209 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault , M. 1970 . The Order of Things , New York : Pantheon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Foucault , M. 1972a . The Archaeology of Knowledge and The Discourse on Language , New York : Pantheon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Foucault , M. 1972b . “ The discourse on language, appendix ” . In The Archaeology of Knowledge and The Discourse on Language , New York : Pantheon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Foucault , M. 1978 . The History of Sexuality vol. 1 , New York : Pantheon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Gamson , W. A. 1992a . “ The social psychology of collective action ” . In Frontiers in Social Movement Theory , Edited by: Morris , A. D. and Mueller , C. M. London : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gamson , W. A. 1992b . Talking Politics , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gamson , W. A. 1995 . “ Constructing social protest ” . In Social Movements and Culture , Edited by: Johnston , H. and Klandermans , B. Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gamson , W. A. and Meyer , D. S. 1996 . “ Framing political opportunity ” . In Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements , Edited by: McAdam , D. , McCarthy , J. D. and Zald , M. N. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Giddens , A. 1984 . The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration , Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin , J. and Jasper , J. M. 2004 . Rethinking Social Movements , Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Goffman , E. 1974 . Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience , New York : Harper Colophon .
   Google Scholar
• Hatch , M. J. 2001 . Organisasjonesteori. Moderne, symbolske og postmoderne perspektiver , Oslo : Abstrakt Forlag .
   Google Scholar
• Hay, C. & Rosamond, B. (2001) Globalization, European integration and the discursive construction of economic imperatives: A question of convergence, Queens Papers on Europeanisation, no. 1, ( www.qub.ac.uk/ies/onlinepapers/poe1-01.pdf ).
   Google Scholar
• Heimerson, S. (2001) ATTAC utan motstånd. En studie i læmmeljournalistikk, Report, Næringslivets Mediainstitutt nr. 3. Sweden.
   Google Scholar
• Held , D. and McGrew , A. 2000 . “ The great globalization debate: an introduction ” . In The Global Transformation Reader , Edited by: Held , D. and McGrew , A. Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hirst , P. and Thompson , G. 1999 . “ Introduction: globalization – a necessary myth ” . In Globalization in Question , Edited by: Hirst , P. and Thompson , G. Cambridge : Polity Press .
   Google Scholar
• IP: ‘International Platform’ International Movement for Democratic Control of Financial Markets and their Institutions. Adapted at the international meeting of 11–12 December 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , H. 2002 . “ Verification and proof in frame and discourse analysis ” . In Methods of Social Movement Research , Edited by: Klandermans , B. and Staggenborg , S. Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , H. and Klandermans , B. 1995 . “ The cultural analysis of social movements ” . In Social Movements and Culture , Edited by: Johnston , H. and Klandermans , B. Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• J⊘rgensen , S. I. 2001 . ATTAC og Globaliseringen , Oslo : Aschehoug .
   Google Scholar
• Kolb , F. 2005 . “ The impact of transnational protest on social movement organizations: mass media and the making of ATTAC Germany ” . In Transnational Protest and Global Activism , Edited by: Della Porta , D. and Tarrow , S. Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Kumar , K. 1995 . “ Modernity and Postmodernity: the idea of the modern ” . In From Post-industrial to Post-modern Society , Edited by: Kumar , K. Oxford : Blackwell . Chap 4
   Google Scholar
• Laclau , E. and Mouffe , C. 1985 . Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. Towards a Radical Democratic Politics , London : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• Marcussen, M. (2000) Globalization: a Third Way gospel that travels world wide, presented to the 41st Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, ( www.ciaonet.org/isa/mam01/ ).
   Google Scholar
• McAdam , D. , McCarthy , J. D. and Zald , M. N. 1996 . “ Introduction ” . In Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements , Edited by: McAdam , D. , McCarthy , J. D. and Zald , M. N. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Neumann , I. B. 2001 . Mening Materialitet og Makt. En innf⊘ring i diskursanalyse , Bergen : Fagbokforlage .
   Google Scholar
• Nietzsche , F. 1966 . Beyond Good and Evil , New York : Vintage Books .
   Google Scholar
• Nietzsche , F. 1967 . On the Genealogy of Morals , New York : Vintage Books .
   Google Scholar
• Oliver , P. E. and Johnston , H. 2000 . What a good idea! Ideology and frames in social movement research . Mobilization , 5 ( 1 ) : 37 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• PACM: Porto Alegre Call for Mobilisation. Final resolution from the World Social Forum in Brazil, 25–30 January 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Piore , M. and Sabel , C. 1984 . The Second Industrial Divide , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• PP: Politisk Plattform for ATTAC Norge, Oslo, 31 May 2001.
   Google Scholar
• PWW: Paving the Way to a New World: Let Us Globalise the Struggle. Resolution from the alternate summit in Geneva 22–25 June 2000. Available at: http://ATTAC.org/geneva2000/
   Google Scholar
• Robertson , R. and Khondker , H. H. 1998 . Discourses of globalization. Preliminary considerations . International Sociology , 13 ( 1 ) : 25 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R⊘vik , K. A. 1998 . Moderne Organisasjoner. Trender i organisasjonstenkningen ved tusenårsskiftet , Bergen : Fagbokforlaget .
   Google Scholar
• Samuelsson, C. (2001) Frustrerade våldsverkare eller fredliga folkbildare? – En studie kring DNs f⊘råndrande bild av ATTACr⊘relsen, Uppsats, Avdeling for medie- och kommunikasjonsvetenskap Lunds Universitet [Masters dissertation, Dept. of Media and Communication, Lund University].
   Google Scholar
• Sandberg, S., The success of ATTAC in Norway – An approach synthesizing framing theory and discourse analysis, Cand. Polit Masters dissertation, Dept. of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo. Available at: www.duo.uio.no
   Google Scholar
• Sheridan , A. 1980 . Michel Foucault: The Will to Truth , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Skillington , T. 1997 . Politics and the struggle to define: a discourse analysis of the framing strategies of competing actors in a ‘new’ participatory forum . British Journal of Sociology , 48 ( 3 ) : 493 – 513 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow , D. A. , Rochford , E. B. , Wordon , S. K. and Benford , R. D. 1986 . Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation . American Sociological Review , 51 : 464 – 481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow , D. A. and Benford , R. D. 1988 . “ Ideology, frame resonance, and participant mobilization ” . In International Social Movement Research, vol. 1, From Structure to Action: Comparing Movement Participants Across Cultures , Edited by: Klandermans , B. , Kriesi , H. and Tarrow , S. Greenwich, CT : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Snow , D. A. and Benford , R. D. 1992 . “ Master frames and cycles of protest ” . In Frontiers in Social Movement Theory , Edited by: Morris , A. D. and Mueller , C. M. New Haven : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Snow , D. A. and Benford , R. D. 2000 . Mobilization forum: clarifying the relationship between framing and ideology . Mobilization , 5 ( 1 ) : 55 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Snow , D. A. 2004 . “ Framing processes, ideology, and discursive fields ” . In The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements , Edited by: Snow , D. A. , Soule , S. A. and Kriesi , H. Malden, MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Stavanger Aftenblad, Til kamp mot pengeflytterne, M.R. Bore, 27 February 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , M. S. 1998 . Tilting the frame: considerations on collective action framing from a discursive turn . Theory and Society , 27 : 845 – 872 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg , M. S. 1999 . The talk and back talk of collective action: a dialogic analysis of repertoires of discourse among nineteenth-century English cotton spinners . American Journal of Sociology , 105 ( 3 ) : 736 – 780 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdens Gang, Kjemper mot spekulasjon – også i Norge, 25 February 2001.
   Google Scholar