Parental incarceration, attachment and child psychopathology

References

• Agnew , R. 1992 . Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency . Criminology , 30 ( 1 ) : 47 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnew , R. , Brezina , T. , Wright , J. P. and Cullen , F. T. 2002 . Strain, personality traits, and delinquency: Extending general strain theory . Criminology , 40 : 43 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainsworth , M. D.S. 1990 . “ Some considerations regarding theory and assessment relevant to attachments beyond infancy ” . In Attachment in the preschool years , Edited by: Greenberg , M. T. , Cicchetti , D. and Cummings , E. M. 463 – 488 . Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ainsworth , M. D.S. , Blehar , M. C. , Waters , E. and Wall , S. 1978 . Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation , 463 – 488 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Alsop-Shields , L. and Mohay , H. 2001 . John Bowlby and James Robertson: Theorists, scientists and crusaders for improvements in the care of children in hospital . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 35 : 50 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arditti , J. A. 2005 . Families and incarceration: An ecological approach . Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services , 86 : 251 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arditti , J. A. , Smock , S. A. and Parkman , T. 2005 . “It's been hard to be a father”: A qualitative exploration of incarcerated fatherhood . Fathering , 3 : 267 – 288 .
   Google Scholar
• Belsky , J. 2005 . “ Attachment theory and research in ecological perspective: Insights from the Pennsylvania infant and family development project and the NICHD study of early child care ” . In Attachment from infancy to adulthood: The major longitudinal studies , Edited by: Grossmann , K. E. , Grossmann , K. and Waters , E. 71 – 97 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Belsky , J. and Fearon , R. M.P. 2002 . Infant–mother attachment security, contextual risk, and early development: A moderational analysis . Development and Psychopathology , 14 : 293 – 310 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borelli , J. L. , Goshin , L. , Joestl , S. , Clark , J. and Byrne , M. W. 2010 . Attachment organization in a sample of incarcerated mothers: Distribution of classifications and predictive associations with substance abuse, depressive symptoms, perceptions of parenting competency, and social support . Attachment & Human Development , 12 : 355 – 374 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boswell , G. 2002 . Imprisoned fathers: The children's view . Howard Journal , 41 : 14 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. 1969 . Attachment and loss, Vol. I: Attachment , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. 1973 . Attachment and loss, Vol. II: Separation, anxiety and anger , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. 1980 . Attachment and loss, Vol. III: Loss, sadness and depression , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. 1989 . “ The role of attachment in personality development ” . In A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory , Edited by: Bowlby , J. London : Tavistock/Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Braman , D. 2004 . Doing time on the outside: Incarceration and family life in urban America , Ann Arbor, MI : University of Michigan Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bretherton , I. 1997 . Bowlby's legacy to developmental psychology . Child Psychiatry and Human Development , 28 : 33 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bretherton , I. , Ridgeway , D. and Cassidy , J. 1990 . “ Accessing internal working models of the attachment relationship: A attachment story completion task for 3-year-olds ” . In Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research and intervention , Edited by: Greenberg , M. T. , Cicchetti , D. and Cummings , M. 273 – 280 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , K. , Dibb , L. , Shenton , F. and Elson , N. 2002 . No-one's ever asked me: Young people with a prisoner in the family , London : Federation of Prisoners' Families Support Groups (now called “Action for Prisoners' Families”) .
   Google Scholar
• Byrne , M. W. , Goshin , L. S. and Joestl , S. S. 2010 . Intergenerational transmission of attachment for infants raised in a prison nursery . Attachment & Human Development , : 375 – 393 .
   Google Scholar
• Caddle , D. and Crisp , D. 1997 . Imprisoned women and mothers (Research Study No. 162) , London : Home Office .
   Google Scholar
• Carlson , E. A. , Sampson , M. C. and Sroufe , L. A. 2003 . Implications of attachment theory and research for developmental-behavioral pediatrics . Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 24 : 364 – 379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy J. Shaver P. R. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications , 2nd ed. Guilford Press New York 2008
   Google Scholar
• Cassidy , J. , Ziv , Y. , Stupica , B. , Sherman , L. J. , Butler , H. Karfgin , A. 2010 . Enhancing attachment security in the infants of women in a jail-diversion program . Attachment & Human Development , 12 : 333 – 353 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Center for Human Resource Research . 2006 . NLSY79 user's guide , Columbus, OH : Ohio State University .
   Google Scholar
• Chorpita , B. E. and Barlow , D. H. 1998 . The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment . Psychological Bulletin , 124 : 3 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham , A. and Baker , L. 2003 . Waiting for Mommy: Giving a voice to the hidden victims of imprisonment , London, Canada : Centre for Children and Families in the Justice System .
   Google Scholar
• Dallaire , D. H. 2007 . Incarcerated mothers and fathers: A comparison of risks for children and families . Family Relations , 56 : 440 – 453 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddy , J. M. and Reid , J. B. 2003 . “ The adolescent children of incarcerated parents ” . In Prisoners once removed: The impact of incarceration and reentry on children, families and communities , Edited by: Travis , J. and Waul , M. 233 – 258 . Washington, DC : Urban Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Eley , T. C. and Stevenson , J. 2000 . Specific life events and chronic experiences differentially associated with depression and anxiety in young twins . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 28 : 383 – 394 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrington , D. P. 2003 . “ Key results from the first forty years of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development ” . In Taking stock of delinquency: An overview of findings from contemporary longitudinal studies , Edited by: Thornberry , T. P. and Krohn , M. D. 137 – 183 . New York : Kluwer Academic/ Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Farrington , D. P. 2004 . “ Conduct disorder, aggression, and delinquency ” . In Handbook of adolescent psychology , 2nd ed , Edited by: Lerner , R. M. and Steinberg , L. 627 – 664 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Fearon , P. R. , Bakermans-Kranenburg , M. J. , van IJzendoorn , M. H. , Lapsley , A. and Roisman , G. I. forthcoming . The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A meta-analytic study
   Google Scholar
• Fishman , S. H. 1983 . The impact of incarceration on children of offenders . Journal of Children in Contemporary Society , 15 : 89 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Glaze , L. E. and Maruschak , L. M. 2008 . Parents in prison and their minor children , Washington, DC : Bureau of Justice Statistics .
   Google Scholar
• Goodyer , I. M. , Wright , C. and Altham , P. M.E. 1988 . Maternal adversity and recent stressful life events in anxious and depressed children . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 29 : 651 – 667 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg , M. T. 1999 . “ Attachment and psychopathology in childhood ” . In Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications , Edited by: Cassidy , J. and Shaver , P. R. 469 – 496 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hagan , J. and Coleman , J. P. 2001 . Returning captives of the American war on drugs: Issues of community and family reentry . Crime and Delinquency , 47 : 352 – 367 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagan , J. and Dinovitzer , R. 1999 . “ Collateral consequences of imprisonment for children, communities and prisoners ” . In Prisons. Crime and justice: A review of research , Edited by: Tonry , M. and Petersilia , J. Vol. 26 , 121 – 162 . Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , T. , Brown , G. W. and Bifulco , A. 1986 . Loss of parent in childhood and adult psychiatric-disorder–the role of lack of adequate parental care . Psychological Medicine , 16 : 641 – 659 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HM Prison Service . 1999 . Report of a review of principles, policies and procedures on mothers and babies/children in prison , London, , England : HM Prison Service .
   Google Scholar
• Huebner , B. M. and Gustafson , R. 2007 . The effect of maternal incarceration on adult offspring involvement in the criminal justice system . Journal of Criminal Justice , 35 : 283 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffee , S. R. , Moffitt , T. E. , Caspi , A. and Taylor , A. 2003 . Life with (or without) father: The benefits of living with two biological parents depend on the father's antisocial behavior . Child Development , 74 : 109 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janson , C.-G. 2000 . “ Project Metropolitan ” . In Seven Swedish longitudinal studies in the behavioral sciences , Edited by: Janson , C.-G. 140 – 171 . Stockholm, Sweden : Forskningsradsnamuden .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , E. I. and Waldfogel , J. 2004 . “ Children of incarcerated parents: Multiple risks and children's living arrangements ” . In Imprisoning America: The social effects of mass incarceration , Edited by: Pattillo , M. , Weiman , D. and Western , B. 97 – 131 . New York : Russell Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , D. 1991 . Jailed mothers , Pasadena, CA : Pacific Oaks Center for Children of Incarcerated Parents .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , D. 1995 . “ The care and placement of prisoners' children ” . In Children of incarcerated parents , Edited by: Gabel , K. and Johnston , D. 103 – 123 . New York : Lexington .
   Google Scholar
• Killias , M. , Aebi , M. F. and Ribeaud , D. 2000 . Learning through controlled experiments: Community service and heroin prescription in Switzerland . Crime and Delinquency , 46 : 233 – 251 .
   Google Scholar
• Killias , M. and Villetaz , P. 2008 . The effects of custodial vs. non-custodial sanctions on reoffending: Lessons from a systematic review . Psicothema , 20 : 29 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinner , S. A. , Alati , R. , Najman , J. M. and Williams , G. M. 2007 . Do paternal arrest and imprisonment lead to child behaviour problems and substance use? A longitudinal analysis . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 48 : 1148 – 1156 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobak , R. and Madsen , S. 2008 . “ Disruptions in attachment bonds: Implications for theory, research, and clinical Intervention ” . In Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications , 2nd ed , Edited by: Cassidy , J. and Shaver , P. R. 23 – 47 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Koban , L. A. 1983 . Parents in prison: A comparative analysis of the effects of incarceration on the families of men and women . Research in Law, Deviance and Social Control , 5 : 171 – 183 .
   Google Scholar
• Mackintosh , V. H. , Myers , B. J. and Kennon , S. S. 2006 . Children of incarcerated mothers and their caregivers: Factors affecting the quality of their relationship . Journal of Child and Family Studies , 15 : 581 – 596 .
   Google Scholar
• Main , M. , Kaplan , N. and Cassidy , J. 1985 . Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation . Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 50 ( 1/2 ) : 66 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merton , R. 1938 . Social structure and anomie . American Sociological Review , 3 : 672 – 682 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , P. 1965 . Prisoners and their families , Woking, England : Unwin Brothers .
   Google Scholar
• Mumola , C. J. 2000 . Incarcerated parents and their children , Washington, DC : Bureau of Justice Statistics .
   Google Scholar
• Murray , J. 2005 . “ The effects of imprisonment on families and children of prisoners ” . In The effects of imprisonment , Edited by: Liebling , A. and Maruna , S. 442 – 492 . Cullompton, England : Willan .
   Google Scholar
• Murray , J. 2007 . The cycle of punishment: Social exclusion of prisoners and their children . Criminology and Criminal Justice , 7 : 55 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Murray , J. and Farrington , D. P. 2005 . Parental imprisonment: Effects on boys' antisocial behaviour and delinquency through the life-course . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 46 : 1269 – 1278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray , J. and Farrington , D. P. 2006 . Evidence-based programs for children of prisoners . Criminology and Public Policy , 5 : 721 – 736 .
   Google Scholar
• Murray , J. and Farrington , D. P. 2008a . “ The effects of parental imprisonment on children ” . In Crime and justice: A review of research , Edited by: Tonry , M. 133 – 206 . Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Murray , J. and Farrington , D. P. 2008b . Parental imprisonment: Long-lasting effects on boys' internalizing problems through the life-course . Development and Psychopathology , 20 : 273 – 290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray , J. , Janson , C.-G. and Farrington , D. P. 2007 . Crime in adult offspring of prisoners: A cross-national comparison of two longitudinal samples . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 34 : 133 – 149 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , B. J. , Smarsh , T. M. , Amlund-Hagen , K. and Kennon , S. 1999 . Children of incarcerated mothers . Journal of Child and Family Studies , 8 : 11 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Najman , J. M. , Bor , W. , O'Callaghan , M. , Williams , G. M. , Aird , R. and Shuttlewood , G. 2005 . Cohort profile: The Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) . International Journal of Epidemiology , 34 : 992 – 997 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijnatten , C.v. 1998 . Detention and development: Perspectives of children of prisoners , Mönchengladbach, , Germany : Forum Verlag Godesberg .
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , G. R. 1995 . “ Coercion as a basis for early age of onset for arrest ” . In Coercion and punishment in long-term perspectives , Edited by: McCord , J. 81 – 105 . Cambridge, England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , S. D. , Erkanli , A. , Keeler , G. P. , Costello , E. J. and Angold , A. 2006 . Disentangling the risks: Parent criminal justice involvement and children's exposure to family risks . Criminology and Public Policy , 5 : 677 – 703 .
   Google Scholar
• Poehlmann , J. 2005a . Children's family environments and intellectual outcomes during maternal incarceration . Journal of Marriage and Family , 67 : 1275 – 1285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poehlmann , J. 2005b . Representations of attachment relationships in children of incarcerated mothers . Child Development , 76 : 679 – 696 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poehlmann , J. , Park , J. , Bouffiou , L. , Joshua , A. , Shlafer , R. and Hahn , E. 2008 . Representations of family relationships in children living with custodial grandparents . Attachment & Human Development , 10 : 165 – 188 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poehlmann , J. , Shlafer , R. J. , Maes , E. and Hanneman , A. 2008 . Factors associated with young children's opportunities for maintaining family relationships during maternal incarceration . Family Relations , 57 : 267 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards , M. , McWilliams , B. , Allcock , L. , Enterkin , J. , Owens , P. and Woodrow , J. 1994 . The family ties of English prisoners: The results of the Cambridge Project on Imprisonment and Family Ties , Cambridge, England : Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge .
   Google Scholar
• Robertson , O. 2007 . The impact of parental imprisonment on children , Geneva, Switzerland : Quakers United Nations Office .
   Google Scholar
• Rutter , M. 1979 . “ Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantage ” . In Primary prevention of psychopathology, Vol.3: Social competence in children , Edited by: Kent , M. W. and Rolf , J. E. 49 – 74 . Hanover, NH : University of New England Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rutter , M. 1995 . Clinical implications of attachment concepts: Retrospect and prospect . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 36 : 549 – 571 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sack , W. H. and Seidler , J. 1978 . Should children visit their parents in prison? . Law and Human Behavior , 2 : 261 – 266 .
   Google Scholar
• Sameroff , A. J. 2000 . “ Dialectical processes in developmental psychopathology ” . In Handbook of developmental psychopathology , 2nd ed , Edited by: Sameroff , A. , Lewis , M. and Miller , S. 23 – 40 . New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Serbin , L. A. and Karp , J. 2004 . The intergenerational transfer of psychosocial risk: Mediators of vulnerability and resilience . Annual Review of Psychology , 55 : 333 – 363 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanahan , L. , Copeland , W. , Costello , E. J. and Angold , A. 2008 . Specificity of putative psychosocial risk factors for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 49 : 34 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw , R. 1987 . Children of imprisoned fathers , Bungay, England : Richard Clay .
   Google Scholar
• Shaw , R. 1992 . “ Imprisoned fathers and the orphans of justice ” . In Prisoners' children: What are the issues? , Edited by: Shaw , R. 41 – 49 . London, , England : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Sherman , L. W. 1993 . Defiance, deterrence and irrelevance: A theory of the criminal sanction . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 30 : 445 – 473 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shlafer , R. J. and Poehlmann , J. 2010 . Attachment and caregiving relationships in families affected by parental incarceration . Attachment & Human Development , 12 : 395 – 415 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , C. A. and Farrington , D. P. 2004 . Continuities in antisocial behavior and parenting across three generations . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 45 : 230 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Social Exclusion Unit . 2002 . Reducing re-offending by ex-prisoners , London, , England : Social Exclusion Unit .
   Google Scholar
• Sroufe , L. A. 2005 . Attachment and development: A prospective, longitudinal study from birth to adulthood . Attachment & Human Development , 7 : 349 – 367 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sroufe , L. A. , Carlson , E. A. , Levy , A. K. and Egeland , B. 1999 . Implications of attachment theory for developmental psychopathology . Developmental Psychopathology , 11 : 1 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sroufe , L. A. , Egeland , B. , Carlson , E. and Collins , W. A. 2005 . “ Placing early attachment experiences in developmental context ” . In Attachment from infancy to adulthood: The major longitudinal studies , Edited by: Grossmann , K. E. , Grossmann , K. and Waters , E. 48 – 70 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thornberry , T. P. , Freeman-Gallant , A. , Lizotte , A. J. , Krohn , M. D. and Smith , C. A. 2003 . Linked lives: The intergenerational transmission of antisocial behavior . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 31 : 171 – 184 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trice , A. D. and Brewster , J. 2004 . The effects of maternal incarceration on adolescent children . Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology , 19 : 27 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Vaughn , B. , Byron , E. , Sroufe , L. A. and Waters , E. 1979 . Individual differences in infant-mother attachment at twelve and eighteen months: Stability and change in families under stress . Child Development , 50 : 971 – 975 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walmsley , R. 2005 . World prison population list , 6th ed. , London : International Centre for Prison Studies, Kings College London .
   Google Scholar
• Warren , S. L. , Huston , L. , Egeland , B. and Sroufe , L. A. 1997 . Child and adolescent anxiety disorders and early attachment . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 36 : 637 – 644 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar