Waiting for a Meaningful State Apology: Has Brazil Apologized for Authoritarian Repression?

References

• ABRÃO , Paulo and TORELLY , Marcelo D. 2011a . “ As dimensões da Justiça de Transição no Brasil, a eficácia da Lei de Anistia e as alternativas para a verdade e a justiça [The dimensions of transitional justice in Brazil, the efficacy of the Amnesty Law and alternatives for truth and justice] ” . In A anista na era da responsibilização: o Brasil em perspectiva internacional e comparada [Amnesty in the Age of Accountability: Brazil in Comparative and International Perspective] , Edited by: Payne , Leigh A. , Abrão , Paulo and Torelly , Marcelo D. Oxford , OK : Oxford University .
   Google Scholar
• ABRÃO , Paulo and TORELLY , Marcelo D. 2011b . “ The reparations program as the lynchpin of transitional justice in Brazil ” . In Transitional Justice: Handbook for Latin America , Edited by: Reátegui , Félix . New York : Ministry of Justice and International Center for Transitional Justice .
   Google Scholar
• AGÊNCIA BRASIL/O , GLOBO . 2010 . Lula cancela reunião com Jobim, em meio a polêmica sobre Programa de Direitos Humanos [Online]. Available: http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/mat/2010/01/12/lula-cancela-reuniao-com-jobim-em-meio-polemica-sobre-programa-de-direitos-humanos-915507921.asp [22 May 2010]
   Google Scholar
• ARQUIDIOCESE , DE SÃO PAULO . 1985 . Brasil Nunca Mais (Petrópolis , Brazil: Vozes
   Google Scholar
• AUSTIN , John Langshaw . 1975 . How To Do Things With Words , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• AVRITZER , Leonardo . 2000 . Democratization and changes in the pattern of association in Brazil . Journal of InterAmerican Studies and World Affairs , 42 ( 3 ) : 59 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• BARKAN , Elazar . 2000 . The Guilt of Nations: Restitution and Negotiating Historical Injustices , New York : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• BRAZILIAN LAWYERS ASSOCIATION (OAB) . 2008 . Arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental . [Online]. Available: http://redir.stf.jus.br/paginador/paginador.jsp?docTP=TP&docID=330654#PETI%C3%87%C3%83O%20INICIAL [10 May 2010]
   Google Scholar
• BRITO , Alexandra B. D . 2001 . “ Truth, justice, memory, and democratization in the Southern Cone ” . In The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies , Edited by: Brito , Alexandra B. D , González-Enríquez , Carmen and Aguilar , Paloma . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• CARDOSO , Fernando Henrique . 2006 . A Arte Política: A História Que Vivi [The Art of Politics: The History I Bore Witness To] , Edited by: de Janeiro , Rio . Brazil : Civilização Brasileira .
   Google Scholar
• CASTRO , Celso , D’ARAÚJO and Maria , C. 2001 . Democracia e Forças Armadas no Cone Sul [Democracy and the Armed Forces in the Southern Cone] , Edited by: de Janeiro , Rio . Brazil : Editora Fundação Getúlio Vargas .
   Google Scholar
• CATELA , Ludmila D. S. 2000 . “ Em nome da pacificação nacional: anistias, pontos finais e indultos no cone sul [In the name of national pacification: Amnesties, full stops and pardons in the Southern Cone] ” . In Democracia e Forças Armadas no Cone Sul , Edited by: Castro , Celso , Araújo , Maria C. D’ and de Janeiro , Rio . Brazil : Editora Fundação Getúlio Vargas .
   Google Scholar
• CELERMAJER , Danielle . 2009 . The Sins of the Nation and the Ritual of Apologies , Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• COIMBRA , Cecília M. B. 2001 . Tortura ontém e hoje: resgatando uma certa história [Torture yesterday and today: Recovering a certain history] . Psicologia em Estudo , 6 ( 2 ) : 11 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• COLLINS , Cath . 2011 . “ The moral economy of memory: Public and private commemorative space in post-Pinochet Chile ” . In Accounting for Violence: The Memory Market in Latin America , Edited by: Bilbija , Ksenija and Payne , Leigh A. Durham , NC : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• COMAS , José . 1991 . El presidente chileno pide perdón a las familias de las víctimas de Pinochet [The Chilean president asks the victim families of the Pinochet for forgiveness] . March 5, [Online]. Available: http://elpais.com/diario/1991/03/05/internacional/668127613_850215.html [5 May 2010]
   Google Scholar
• COMMISSÃO NACIONAL DA VERDADE (CNV) . 2013 . Balanço de atividades: 1 ano de commissão da verdade [Balance of activities: First year report of the Truth Commission] [Online]. Available: http://www.cnv.gov.br/images/pdf/balanco_1ano.pdf [28 May 2013]
   Google Scholar
• COMISSÃO PARLAMENTAR MEMÓRIA, VERDADE E JUSTIÇA (CPMVJ) . 2012 . Parliamentary Commission of Memory, Truth and Justice. [Online]. Available: http://www2.camara.leg.br/atividade-legislativa/comissoes/comissoes-permanentes/cdhm/noticias/comissao-parlamentar-memoria-verdade-e-justica-atribuicoes [5 May 2012] .
   Google Scholar
• COSTAS , Ruth . 2012 . MP investiga 70 casos para abrir processos contra agentes do regime militar [State attorneys investigate 70 cases to start processes against agents of the military regime] . July 2, [Online]. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/portuguese/noticias/2012/07/120630_mp_processos_militares_rc.shtml [10 July 2012]
   Google Scholar
• CUNNINGHAM , Michael . 1999 . Saying sorry: The politics of apology . The Political Quarterly , 70 ( 3 ) : 285 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DRULIOLLE , Vincent . 2008 . Silhouettes of the disappeared: Memory, justice and human rights in post-authoritarian Argentina . Human Rights & Human Welfare , 9 : 77 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• THE ECONOMIST . 2009 . Where dinosaurs still roam: A victory for semi-feudalism . [Online]. Available: http://www.economist.com/node/13062220?story_id=13062220 [10 May 2011], February 5
   Google Scholar
• FOLHA DE S. PAULO . 1995 . Presidente sanciona lei dos desaparecidos . : 12 )
   Google Scholar
• GIBNEY , Mark and ROKSTROM , Erik . 2001 . The status of state apologies . Human Rights Quarterly , 23 ( 4 ) : 911 – 939 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRECO , Helena . 2003 . Dimensões fundacionais da luta pela anistia [The founding dimensions of the struggle for amnesty] , University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) . PhD Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• HAMBER , Brandon . 1998 . Living with the legacy of impunity: Lessons for South Africa about truth, justice and crime in Brazil . Latin American Report , 13 ( 2 ) : 4 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• HUNTINGTON , Samuel P. 1991 . The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century , Norman, OK : University of Oklahoma Press .
   Google Scholar
• JELIN , Elizabeth . 2008 . “ La justicia después del juicio: legados y desafios em la Argentina postdictatorial [Justice after the judgement: Legacies and challenges in post dictatorship Argentina] ” . In Militares e política na nova república , Edited by: Castro , Celso and Araújo , Maria C. D’ . Rio de Janeiro , , Brazil : Editora Fundação Getúlio Vargas .
   Google Scholar
• JELIN , Elizabeth . 2007 . Public memorialization in perspective: Truth, justice and memory of past repression in the Southern Cone of South America . The International Journal of Transitional Justice , 1(1) : 138 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOTZÉ , Dirk . 2002 . Review: Truth commissions and formulas . International Studies Review , 4 ( 1 ) : 166 – 171 .
   Google Scholar
• LESSA , Francessa and DRULIOLLE , Vincent . 2011 . The Memory of State Terrorism in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay , New York : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• LOUIS , J. 1995 . Não é presente – é dever [It is not present–it is obligation] . Folha de S. Paulo , : 3 July 10
   Google Scholar
• MEZAROBBA , Glenda . 2007 . O preço do esquecimento: as reparações pagas às vítimas do regime militar (uma comparação entre Brasil, Argentina e Chile) [The price of forgetting: The reparation payments for victims of the military regime (a comparison of Brazil, Argentina and Chile)] , University of São Paulo . PhD Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• MINISTÉRIO DA JUSTIÇA [MINISTRY OF JUSTICE] . 2008 . Relátorio Annual da Comissão de Anistia [Annual Report of the Amnesty Commission] , Brasília, Brazil : Ministério da Justiça .
   Google Scholar
• MINISTÉRIO DA JUSTIÇA [MINISTRY OF JUSTICE] . 2009 . Especial: As caravanas da Anistia [Special issue: The Amnesty Caravans] . Revista Anistia: Política e Justiça de Transição , 2 : 110 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• MONTEIRO , Tânia . 2012 . Após “bronca” de Dilma, militares endurecem reação ao governo [After Dilma's “telling off” military officials react with a hardline position toward the government] . March 2, [Online]. Available: http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/nacional,apos-bronca-de-dilma-militares-endurecem-reacao-ao-governo,843137,0.html [5 May 2012]
   Google Scholar
• NEW YORK TIMES . 1991 . In Chile details over 2,000 slayings under Pinochet . March 6, [Online]. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/06/world/chile-details-over-2000-slayings-under-pinochet.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm [5 May 2010]
   Google Scholar
• NOBLES , Melissa . 2008 . The Politics of Official Apologies , Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• PAIVA , Marcelo Rubens . 1995 . Nós não esquecemos [We don't forget] . Veja , 1391 : 106 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• PEREIRA , Anthony W. 2005 . Political (In)justice: Authoritarianism and the Rule of Law in Brazil, Chile, and Argentina , Pittsburgh , PA : University of Pittsburgh Press .
   Google Scholar
• PINHEIRO , Paulo S. 1997 . “ Popular responses to state-sponsored violence in Brazil ” . In The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America: Rethinking Participation and Representation , Edited by: Chalmers , Douglas A. , Vilas , Carlos M. , Hite , Katherine , Martin , Scott B. , Piester , Kerianne and Segarra , Monique . Oxford , , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• ROHT-ARRIAZA , Naomi and MARIEZCURRENA , Javier . 2006 . Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth Versus Justice , Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• ROTBERG , Robert I. and THOMPSON DENNIS . 2000 . Truth Versus Justice: The Morality of Truth Commissions , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• SANTOS Cecília , M. , TELES , Edson and TELES , Janaína A. 2009 . Desarquivando a ditadura: memória e justiça no Brasil [Digging the Dictatorship Out of the Archive: Memory and Justice in Brazil] , Edited by: Paulo , São . Vol. I , Brazil : Aderaldo & Rothschild Editores . II
   Google Scholar
• SCHNEIDER , Nina . 2011a . Breaking the “silence” of the military regime: New politics of memory in Brazil? . Bulletin of Latin American Research , 30 ( 2 ) : 198 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHNEIDER , Nina . 2011b . Truth no more?: The struggle over the National Truth Commission in Brazil . Iberoamericana , 42 : 164 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• SCHNEIDER , Nina . 2011c . Impunity in post-authoritarian Brazil: The Supreme Court's recent verdict on the Amnesty Law . European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies , 90 : 39 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• SECRETARIA ESPECIAL DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS DA PRESIDÊNCIA DA REPÚBLICA (SEDH) . 2007 . Direito à memória e à verdade: comissão especial sobre mortos e desaparecidos politicos [The Republic's Presidential Special Human Rights Ministry] [Online]. Available: http://www.presidencia.gov.br/estrutura_presidencia/sedh/mortosedesap/id_livro/ [11 November 2009]
   Google Scholar
• SIKKINK , Katherine , WALLING and Carrie , B. 2006 . “ Argentina's contribution to global trends in transnational justice ” . In Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth Versus Justice , Edited by: Roht-Arriaza , Naomi and MARIEZCURRENA , Javier . Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• SMITH , Nick . 2008 . I Was Wrong: The Meanings of Apologies , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• SOUZA , Carlos A. De . 1995 . Dirigente mundial da Anistia critica FHC [Global Director of Amnesty (International) criticizes FHC (Fernando Henrique Cardoso)] . Folha de S. Paulo , : 11 April 12
   Google Scholar
• STERN , Steve J. 2010 . Reckoning with Pinochet: The Memory Question in Democratic Chile, 1989–2006 , Durham , NC : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• TAFT , Lee . 2000 . Apology subverted: The commodification of apology . The Yale Law Journal , 109 ( 5 ) : 1135 – 1160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TELES , Janaína . 2001 . Mortos e desaparecidos políticos: reparação ou impunidade [The Murdered and Disappeared for Political Reasons: Reparation and Impunity] , Edited by: Paulo , São . Brazil : Humanitas/ FFLCH/USP .
   Google Scholar
• TELES , Janaína . 2010 . Os herdeiros da memória: a luta dos familiares de mortos e desaparecidos políticos [The Heirs of Memory: The Struggle of the Families of the Murdered and Disappeared for Political Reasons] , Edited by: São , Paulo . Brazil : Brasiliense .
   Google Scholar
• TOLEDO , Roberto P. D. 2009 . O oligarca perfeito [The perfect oligarch] (Veja, 2107) . April 8, [Online]. Available: http://veja.abril.com.br/080409/pompeu.shtml [10 May 2012]
   Google Scholar
• TROUILLOT , Michel-Rolph . 2000 . Abortive rituals: Historical apologies in the global era . Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies , 2 ( 2 ) : 171 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• VINJAMURI , Leslie and SNYDER , Jack . 2004 . Advocacy and scholarship in the study of international war crime tribunals and transitional justice . Annual Review of Political Science , 7(1) : 345 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar