Crafting radical opposition or reproducing homonormativity? Consociationalism and LGBT rights activism in Lebanon

References

• ALTMAN, Dennis. (2001) Global Sex (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press).
   Google Scholar
• AYOUB, Phillip M. (2013) Cooperative transnationalism in contemporary Europe: Europeanization and political opportunities for LGBT mobilization in the European Union. European Political Science Review, 5(2), 279–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AYOUB, Phillip M. (2014) With arms wide shut: Threat perception, norm reception, and mobilized resistance to LGBT rights. Journal of Human Rights, 13(3), 337–362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AYOUB, Phillip M. (2015) Contested norms in new-adopter states: International determinants of LGBT rights legislation. European Journal of International Relations, 21(2), 293–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAMMETT, Melanie. (2014) Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press).
   Google Scholar
• DUGGAN, Lisa. (2003) The Twilight of Equality? Neoliberalism, Cultural Politics and the Attack on Democracy (Boston: Beacon Press).
   Google Scholar
• EQUALITY COMMISSION FOR NORTHERN IRELAND. (2011) Do You Mean Me? (Belfast, UK: Equality Commission).
   Google Scholar
• EVANS, Caroline, and GAMMAN, Louisa. (1995) The gaze revisited, or reviewing queer viewing. In A Queer Romance: Lesbians, Gay Men and Popular Culture, Paul Burston and Colin Richardson (eds.) (New York: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• FOBEAR, Katherine. (2014) Queering truth commissions. Journal of Human Rights Practices, 6(1), 51–68.
   Google Scholar
• GAMSON, Joshua. (1995) Must identity movements self-destruct? A queer dilemma. Social Problems, 42(3), 390–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GENDER & SEXUALITY RESOURCE CENTER. (2015) Lebanese Attitudes Towards Sexualities and Gender Identities (Beirut: Arab Foundation for Freedoms and Equality).
   Google Scholar
• HAMDAN, Sarah. (2015) Becoming-Queer-Arab-activist: The case of Meem. Kohl: A Journal for Body and Gender Research, 1(2), 66–82.
   Google Scholar
• HARRIS, William. (2012) Lebanon: A History, 600–2011 (New York: Oxford).
   Google Scholar
• HAYES, Bernadette, and MCALLISTER, Ian. (2013) Gender and consociational power-sharing in Northern Ireland. International Political Science Review, 34(2), 123–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAYES, Bernadette, and NAGLE, John. (2016) Ethnonationalism and attitudes towards gay and lesbian rights in Northern Ireland. Nations and Nationalism, 22(1), 20–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HEKMAN, Susan. (2000) Beyond identity: Feminism, identity and identity politics. Feminist Theory 1(3), 289–308.
   Google Scholar
• MAKAREM, Ghassan. (2011a) The story of Helem. Journal of Middle East Women's Studies, 7(3), 98–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAKAREM, Ghassan. (2011b) The LGBT struggle in Lebanon. Socialistworker.org. [Online]. Available: http://socialistworker.org/2011/02/02/lgbt-struggle-in-lebanon [12 March 2015].
   Google Scholar
• MASSAD, Joseph. (2009) The West and the orientalism of sexuality. [Online]. Available: http://www.resetdoc.org/story/1530/translate/English [27 February 2016].
   Google Scholar
• MCADAM, Doug. (1982) Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).
   Google Scholar
• MCCULLOCH, Allison. (2014) Consociational settlements in deeply divided societies: The liberal-corporate distinction. Democratization, 21(3), 501–518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCGARRY, Aidan, and JASPER, James. (2015) The Identity Dilemma: Social Movements and Collective Identity (Philadelphia: Temple University Press).
   Google Scholar
• MEEM. (2010) Arab Queer Women and Transgenders Confronting Diverse Religious Fundamentalisms: The Case of Meem in Lebanon (Beirut: Meem).
   Google Scholar
• MERABET, Sofian. (2014) Queer Beirut (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press).
   Google Scholar
• MOUSSAWI, Ghassan. (2015) (Un)critically queer organizing: Towards a more complex analysis of LGBTQ organizing in Lebanon. Sexualities, 18(5/6), 593–617.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NABER, Nadine, and ZAATARI, Zeina. (2014) Reframing the war on terror: Feminist and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) activism in the context of the 2006 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Cultural Dynamics, 26(1), 91–111.
   Google Scholar
• NAGLE, John. (2013) “Unity in diversity”: Non-sectarian social movement challenges to the politics of ethnic antagonism in violently divided cities. International Journal for Urban and Regional Research, 37(1), 78–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAGLE, John. (2016) Between entrenchment, reform and transformation: Ethnicity and Lebanon's consociational democracy. Democratization, 23(7), 1144–1161.
   Google Scholar
• NAGLE, John. (2016) Social Movements in Violently Divided Societies: Constructing Conflict and Peacebuilding (Abingdon, UK: Routledge).
   Google Scholar
• NAGLE, John, and CLANCY, Mary-Alice. (2010) Shared Society or Benign Apartheid? Peacebuilding in Divided Societies (Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan).
   Google Scholar
• NARDI, Peter M. (1998) The globalization of the gay and lesbian socio-political movement. Sociological Perspectives, 41(3), 569–585.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NORTHERN IRELAND OFFICE. (1998) Agreement Reached in the Multi-Party Negotiations (Belfast, UK: Her Majesty's Stationary Office).
   Google Scholar
• OSWIN, Natalie. (2007) Producing homonormativity in neoliberal South Africa: Recognition, redistribution, and the equality project. Signs, 32(3), 649–669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAHMAN, Momin. (2014) Queer rights and the triangulation of Western exceptionalism. Journal of Human Rights, 13(3), 247–289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RIZK, Anthony, and MAKAREM, Ghassan. (2015) “Masculinity-under-threat”: Sexual rights organizations and the masculinist state in Lebanon. Civil Society Review, 1, 97–108.
   Google Scholar
• ROSENFELD, Dana. (2009) Heteronormativity and homonormativity as practical and moral resources: The case of lesbian and gay elders. Gender and Society, 23(5), 617–638.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SALLOUKH, Bassel, BARAKAT, Rabie, AL-HABBAL, Jinan S., KHATTAB, Lara W., and MIKAELIAN, Shoghig. (2015) The Politics of Sectarianism in Postwar Lebanon (London: Pluto).
   Google Scholar
• SEIDMAN, Steven. (2012) The politics of cosmopolitan Beirut: From the stranger to the other. Theory Culture Society, 29(2), 3–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STROLOVITCH, Dara Z. (2006) Do interest groups represent the disadvantaged? Advocacy at the intersections of race, class, and gender. The Journal of Politics 68(4), 894–910.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STRYKER, Susan. (2008) Transgender history, homonormativity, and disciplinarity. Radical History Review, 100, 145–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TRABOULSI, Fawwaz. (2007) A History of Modern Lebanon (London: Pluto).
   Google Scholar
• WILKINSON, Cai. (2014) Putting “traditional values” into practice: The rise and contestation of anti-homopropaganda laws in Russia. Journal of Human Rights, 3(3), 363–379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar