424
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Examining the effects of democratic backsliding on human rights conditions

References

  • Abouharb, M. R., Moyer, L. P., & Schmidt, M. (2013). De facto judicial independence and physical integrity rights. Journal of Human Rights, 12(4), 367–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2013.812461
  • Achen, C. H. (2000, July 20–22). Why lagged dependent variables can suppress the explanatory power of other independent variables [Paper presentation]. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Political Methodology Section of the American Political Science Association, Los Angeles.
  • Becker, J. (2010). The rise of right-wing populism in Hungary. SEER, 13(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.5771/1435-2869-2010-1-29
  • Bermeo, N. (2016). On democratic backsliding. Journal of Democracy, 27(1), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2016.0012
  • Bermeo, N. (2022). Questioning backsliding. Journal of Democracy, 33(4), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2022.0054
  • Bílková, V. (2019). Populism and human rights. In Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 2018: Populism and international law (pp. 143–174). Springer Nature.
  • Boese, V. A., Edgell, A. B., Hellmeier, S., Maerz, S. F., & Lindberg, S. I. (2021). How democracies prevail: Democratic resilience as a two-stage process. Democratization, 28(5), 885–907. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2021.1891413
  • Brownlee, J., & Miao, K. (2022). Why democracies survive. Journal of Democracy, 33(4), 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2022.0052
  • Brückner, M., & Ciccone, A. (2011). Rain and the democratic window of opportunity. Econometrica, 79(3), 923–947.
  • Brückner, M., Ciccone, A., & Tesei, A. (2012). Oil price shocks, income, and democracy. Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(2), 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00201
  • Bueno de Mesquita, B., Downs, G. W., Smith, A., & Cherif, F. M. (2005). Thinking inside the box: A closer look at democracy and human rights. International Studies Quarterly, 49(3), 439–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2005.00372.x
  • Cheibub, J. A., Gandhi, J., & Vreeland, J. R. (2010). Democracy and dictatorship revisited. Public Choice, 143(1-2), 67–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9491-2
  • Cingranelli, D. L., & Richards, D. L. (2010). The Cingranelli and Richards (CIRI) human rights data project. Human Rights Quarterly, 32(2), 401–424. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.0.0141
  • Cingranelli, D. L., Richards, D. L., & Clay, K. C. (2014). The CIRI Human Rights Dataset. http://www.humanrightsdata.com (Version 2014.04.14)
  • Clay, K. C., Abdelwahab, M., Bagwell, S., Barney, M., Burkle, E., Hawley, T., Kehoe Rowden, T., LaVelle, M., Parker, A., & Rains, M. (2022). The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights practices: Findings from the Human Rights Measurement Initiative’s 2021 Practitioner Survey. Journal of Human Rights, 21(3), 317–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2022.2082244
  • Cole, W. M. (2016). Managing to mitigate abuse: Bureaucracy, democracy, and human rights, 1984 to 2010. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 57(1-2), 69–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715216641723
  • Cole, W. M. (2018). Does might make right or fight? Coercive capacity, democracy, and human rights, 1975 to 2010. Journal of Human Rights, 17(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2017.1296353
  • Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Lindberg, S. I., Skaaning, S. E., Teorell, J., Alizada, M., … Paxton, P. (2020). V-Dem Codebook v10. Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://www.v-dem.net/en/data/data-version-10/
  • Crabtree, C., & Nelson, M. J. (2017). New evidence for a positive relationship between de facto judicial independence and state respect for empowerment rights. International Studies Quarterly, 61(1), 210–224. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqw056
  • Davenport, C. (2004). The promise of democratic pacification: An empirical assessment. International Studies Quarterly, 48(3), 539–560. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.00314.x
  • Davenport, C. (2007). State repression and political order. Annual Review of Political Science, 10(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.101405.143216
  • Davenport, C., & Armstrong, D. A. (2004). Democracy and the violation of human rights: A statistical analysis from 1976 to 1996. American Journal of Political Science, 48(3), 538–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00086.x
  • Fariss, C. J. (2014). Respect for human rights has improved over time: Modeling the changing standard of accountability. American Political Science Review, 108(2), 297–318. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055414000070
  • Fariss, C. J., Kenwick, M. R., & Reuning, K. (2020). Estimating one-sided-killings from a robust measurement model of human rights. Journal of Peace Research, 57(6), 801–814. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343320965670
  • Fein, H. (1995). Life-integrity violations and democracy in the world, 1987. Human Rights Quarterly, 17(1), 170–191. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1995.0001
  • Gartner, S. S., & Regan, P. M. (1996). Threat and repression: The non-linear relationship between government and opposition violence. Journal of Peace Research, 33(3), 273–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343396033003003
  • Gleditsch, N. P., Wallensteen, P., Eriksson, M., Sollenberg, M., & Strand, H. (2002). Armed conflict 1946-2001: A new dataset. Journal of Peace Research, 39(5), 615–637. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343302039005007
  • Greskovits, B. (2015). The hollowing and backsliding of democracy in East Central Europe. Global Policy, 6(S1), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12225
  • Haggard, S., & Kaufman, R. (2021). The anatomy of democratic backsliding. Journal of Democracy, 32(4), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2021.0050
  • Halmai, G. (2020). Rights revolution and counter-revolution: Democratic backsliding and human rights in Hungary. Law & Ethics of Human Rights, 14(1), 97–123. https://doi.org/10.1515/lehr-2020-2013
  • Hamm, B. I. (2001). A human rights approach to development. Human Rights Quarterly, 23(4), 1005–1031. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2001.0055
  • Hill, D. W., Jr. (2016). Democracy and the concept of personal integrity rights. The Journal of Politics, 78(3), 822–835. https://doi.org/10.1086/685450
  • Hill, D. W., & Jones, Z. M. (2014). An empirical evaluation of explanations for state repression. American Political Science Review, 108(3), 661–687. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055414000306
  • Huq, A., & Ginsburg, T. (2018). How to lose a constitutional democracy. UCLA Law Review, 65, 78.
  • Iheonu, C. O., Agbutun, S. A., & Chiemela, C. J. (2021). Human rights in Sub Saharan Africa: Understanding the influence of militarization, governance and democracy. Economics Bulletin, 41(3), 1070–1081.
  • Inglehart, R. F., & Norris, P. (2016). Trump, Brexit, and the rise of populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash (HKS Working Paper No. RWP16-026). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2818659 or https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2818659
  • Jee, H., Lueders, H., & Myrick, R. (2022). Towards a unified approach to research on democratic backsliding. Democratization, 29(4), 754–767. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2021.2010709
  • Jones, Z. M., & Lupu, Y. (2018). Is there more violence in the middle? American Journal of Political Science, 62(3), 652–667. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12373
  • Krekó, P., Hunyadi, B., & Szicherle, P. (2019). Anti-Muslim populism in Hungary: From the margins to the mainstream. Brookings (no pp.) at https://www.brookings.edu/articles/anti-muslim-populism-in-hungary-from-the-margins-to-the-mainstream/
  • Landman, T. (2018). Democracy and human rights: Concepts, measures, and relationships. Politics and Governance, 6(1), 48–59. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v6i1.1186
  • Lewczuk, A. (2021). Are civil liberties contagious? Analysis of determinants of de facto civil rights protection in post-socialist countries. Constitutional Political Economy, 32(2), 187–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-020-09313-7
  • Little, A., & Meng, A. (2023). Subjective and objective measurement of democratic backsliding. Available at SSRN 4327307.
  • Lueders, H., & Lust, E. (2018). Multiple measurements, elusive agreement, and unstable outcomes in the study of regime change. The Journal of Politics, 80(2), 736–741. https://doi.org/10.1086/696864
  • Luo, Z., & Przeworski, A. (2021). Democracy and its vulnerabilities: Dynamics of democratic backsliding. Available at SSRN 3469373.
  • Mark, B. S., Cingranelli, D. L., & Filippov, M. (2022). The CIRIGHTS Data Project Coding Manual. Manual Version 1.22.25.11. https://cirights.com/
  • Marshall, M. G., Gurr, T. R., & Jaggers, K. (2019). Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2018. Dataset Users' Manual. Center for Systemic Peace. http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/p4manualv2018.pdf
  • Mitchell, N. J., & McCormick, J. M. (1988). Economic and political explanations of human rights violations. World Politics, 40(4), 476–498. https://doi.org/10.2307/2010315
  • Pelschuk, D. (2021). ‘Hungary is not a democracy anymore,’ says opposition leader. New Atlanticist. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/hungary-is-not-a-democracy-anymore-says-opposition-leader/
  • Poe, S. C., & Tate, C. N. (1994). Repression of human rights to personal integrity in the 1980s: A global analysis. American Political Science Review, 88(4), 853–872. https://doi.org/10.2307/2082712
  • Poe, S. C., Tate, C. N., & Keith, L. C. (1999). Repression of the human right to personal integrity revisited: A global cross-national study covering the years 1976–1993. International Studies Quarterly, 43(2), 291–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/0020-8833.00121
  • Richards, D. L., & Gelleny, R. D. (2007). Good things to those who wait? National elections and government respect for human rights. Journal of Peace Research, 44(4), 505–523. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343307078946
  • Richards, D. L., Webb, A., & Clay, K. C. (2015). Respect for physical-integrity rights in the twenty-first century: Evaluating Poe and Tate’s model 20 years later. Journal of Human Rights, 14(3), 291–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2015.1061423
  • Vachudova, M. A. (2020). Ethnopopulism and democratic backsliding in Central Europe. East European Politics, 36(3), 318–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2020.1787163
  • Vreeland, J. R. (2008). The effect of political regime on civil war: Unpacking anocracy. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 52(3), 401–425. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002708315594
  • Waldner, D., & Lust, E. (2018). Unwelcome change: Coming to terms with democratic backsliding. Annual Review of Political Science, 21(1), 93–113. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628
  • Williams, L. K., & Whitten, G. D. (2012). But wait, there’s more! Maximizing substantive inferences from TSCS models. The Journal of Politics, 74(3), 685–693. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381612000473
  • Wood, R. M., & Gibney, M. (2010). The Political Terror Scale (PTS): A re-introduction and a comparison to CIRI. Human Rights Quarterly, 32(2), 367–400. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.0.0152
  • World Bank. (2021). World development indicators 2021. The World Bank.
  • Yu, Y. (2016). Do democratic institutions reduce human rights violations or just prevent more violations than current levels? An exogenous explanation of human rights improvements in democracies. The Korean Journal of International Studies, 14(3), 415–446. https://doi.org/10.14731/kjis.2016.12.14.3.415

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.