Blood-stage malaria vaccines: post-genome strategies for the identification of novel vaccine candidates

References

• Sutherland CJ, Tanomsing N, Nolder D, et al. Two nonrecombining sympatric forms of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium ovale occur globally. J Infect Dis. 2010 May 15;201(10):1544–1550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh B, Daneshvar C. Human infections and detection of Plasmodium knowlesi. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013 Apr 1;26(2):165–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO: World Malaria Report 2016. 2016 [cited 2017 Mar]. Available from: http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2016/report/en/
   Google Scholar
• Bhatt S, Weiss DJ, Cameron E, et al. The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature. 2015 Oct 8;526(7572):207–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nkumama IN, O’Meara WP, Osier FH. Changes in malaria epidemiology in Africa and new challenges for elimination. Trends Parasitol. 2016 Dec 6;33:128–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RTS,S Clinical Trials Partnership. Efficacy and safety of RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine with or without a booster dose in infants and children in Africa: final results of a phase 3, individually randomised, controlled trial. The Lancet. 2015 Jul 10;386:(9988):31–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Weekly epidemiological record. 2016 cited 2017 Mar;91(4):33–52. Available from http://www.who.int/wer
   Google Scholar
• Miura K. Progress and prospects for blood-stage malaria vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016 Jun 2;15(6):765–781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuboi T, Takashima E. Antibody titre as a surrogate of protection of the first malaria subunit vaccine, RTS, S/AS01. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Dec 31;15(12):1371–1372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagara I, Dicko A, Ellis RD, et al. A randomized controlled phase 2 trial of the blood stage AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel malaria vaccine in children in Mali. Vaccine. 2009 May 18;27(23):3090–3098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogutu BR, Apollo OJ, McKinney D, et al. Blood stage malaria vaccine eliciting high antigen-specific antibody concentrations confers no protection to young children in Western Kenya. Plos One. 2009 Mar 5;4(3):e4708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderberg JP. Imaging mosquito transmission of Plasmodium sporozoites into the mammalian host: immunological implications. Parasitol Int. 2014;63:150–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radtke AJ, Tse SW, Zavala F. From the draining lymph node to the liver: the induction and effector mechanisms of malaria-specific CD8+ T cells. Semin Immunopathol. 2015;37:211–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards JS, Arumugam TU, Reiling L, et al. Identification and prioritization of merozoite antigens as targets of protective human immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria for vaccine and biomarker development. J Immunol. 2013 Jun;17:1300778.
   Google Scholar
• Osier FH, Mackinnon MJ, Crosnier C, et al. New antigens for a multicomponent blood-stage malaria vaccine. Sci Transl Med. 2014 Jul 30;6(247):247ra102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beeson JG, Drew DR, Boyle MJ, et al. Merozoite surface proteins in red blood cell invasion, immunity and vaccines against malaria. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2016 May 1;40(3):343–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss GE, Gilson PR, Taechalertpaisarn T, et al. Revealing the sequence and resulting cellular morphology of receptor-ligand interactions during Plasmodium falciparum invasion of erythrocytes. Plos Pathog. 2015 Feb 27;11(2):e1004670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CS, Uboldi AD, Epp C, et al. Multiple Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 complexes mediate merozoite binding to human erythrocytes. J Biol Chem. 2016 Apr 1;291(14):7703–7715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tham WH, Healer J, Cowman AF. Erythrocyte and reticulocyte binding-like proteins of Plasmodium falciparum. Trends Parasitol. 2012 Jan 31;28(1):23–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh S, Alam MM, Pal-Bhowmick I, et al. Distinct external signals trigger sequential release of apical organelles during erythrocyte invasion by malaria parasites. Plos Pathog. 2010 Feb 5;6(2):e1000746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao X, Gunalan K, Yap SS, et al. Triggers of key calcium signals during erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum. Nat Commun. 2013 Nov 27;4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tham WH, Kennedy AT. Malaria: a master lock for deadly parasites. Nature. 2015 Jun 11;522(7555):158–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul AS, Saha S, Engelberg K, et al. Parasite calcineurin regulates host cell recognition and attachment by apicomplexans. Cell Host Microbe. 2015 Jul 8;18(1):49–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Lopaticki S, Riglar DT, et al. An EGF-like protein forms a complex with PfRh5 and is required for invasion of human erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum. Plos Pathog. 2011 Sep 1;7(9):e1002199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy KS, Amlabu E, Pandey AK, et al. Multiprotein complex between the GPI-anchored CyRPA with PfRH5 and PfRipr is crucial for Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2015 Jan 27;112(4):1179–1184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosnier C, Bustamante LY, Bartholdson SJ, et al. Basigin is a receptor essential for erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum. Nature. 2011 Dec 22;480(7378):534–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volz JC, Yap A, Sisquella X, et al. Essential role of the PfRh5/PfRipr/CyRPA complex during Plasmodium falciparum invasion of erythrocytes. Cell Host Microbe. 2016 Jul 13;20(1):60–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besteiro S, Dubremetz JF, Lebrun M. The moving junction of apicomplexan parasites: a key structure for invasion. Cell Microbiol. 2011 Jun 1;13(6):797–805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riglar DT, Richard D, Wilson DW, et al. Super-resolution dissection of coordinated events during malaria parasite invasion of the human erythrocyte. Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Jan 20;9(1):9–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ntege EH, Arisue N, Ito D, et al. Identification of Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte binding protein homologue 5-interacting protein, PfRipr, as a highly conserved blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate. Vaccine. 2016 Nov 4; 34(46):5612–5622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowman AF, Healer J, Marapana D, et al. Malaria: biology and disease. Cell. 2016 Oct 20;167(3):610–624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman SL, Goh LM, Luke TC, et al. Protection of humans against malaria by immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. J Infect Dis. 2002 Apr 15;185(8):1155–1164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seder RA, Chang LJ, Enama ME, et al. Protection against malaria by intravenous immunization with a nonreplicating sporozoite vaccine. Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1359–1365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spring M, Murphy J, Nielsen R, et al. First-in-human evaluation of genetically attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites administered by bite of Anopheles mosquitoes to adult volunteers. Vaccine. 2013 Oct 9;31(43):4975–4983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin M, Güzin S, Heimo L, et al. Sterile protection against human malaria by chemoattenuated PfSPZ vaccine. Nature. 2017. DOI:10.1038/nature21060
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman SL, Vekemans J, Richie TL, et al. The march toward malaria vaccines. Am J Prev Med. 2015 Dec 31;49(6):S319–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White MT, Verity R, Griffin JT, et al. Immunogenicity of the RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine and implications for duration of vaccine efficacy: secondary analysis of data from a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Dec 31; 15(12):1450–1458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theisen M, Roeffen W, Singh SK, et al. A multi-stage malaria vaccine candidate targeting both transmission and asexual parasite life-cycle stages. Vaccine. 2014 May 7;32(22):2623–2630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heppner DG, Kester KE, Ockenhouse CF, et al. Towards an RTS, S-based, multi-stage, multi-antigen vaccine against falciparum malaria: progress at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Vaccine. 2005 Mar 18;23(17–18):2243–2250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz L, Brown GV, Genton B, et al. A review of malaria vaccine clinical projects based on the WHO rainbow table. Malar J. 2012 Jan 9;11(1):11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamarque MH, Roques M, Kong-Hap M, et al. Plasticity and redundancy among AMA–RON pairs ensure host cell entry of Toxoplasma parasites. Nat Commun. 2014 Jun 17;5:4098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yap A, Azevedo MF, Gilson PR, et al. Conditional expression of apical membrane antigen 1 in Plasmodium falciparum shows it is required for erythrocyte invasion by merozoites. Cell Microbiol. 2014 May 1;16(5):642–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouattara A, Mu J, Takala-Harrison S, et al. Lack of allele-specific efficacy of a bivalent AMA1 malaria vaccine. Malar J. 2010 Jun 21;9(1):175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thera MA, Doumbo OK, Coulibaly D, et al. A field trial to assess a blood-stage malaria vaccine. New England J Med. 2011 Sep 15;365(11):1004–1013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurens MB, Thera MA, Coulibaly D, et al. Extended safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a blood-stage malaria vaccine in malian children: 24-month follow-up of a randomized, double-blinded phase 2 trial. Plos One. 2013 Nov 18;8(11):e79323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen GE, Ellis RD, Miura K, et al. Phase 1 trial of AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel plus CPG 7909: an asexual blood-stage vaccine for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Plos One. 2008 Aug 13;3(8):e2940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drew DR, Hodder AN, Wilson DW, et al. Defining the antigenic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 and the requirements for a multi-allele vaccine against malaria. Plos One. 2012 Dec 5;7(12):e51023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miura K, Herrera R, Diouf A, et al. Overcoming allelic specificity by immunization with five allelic forms of Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1. Infect Immun. 2013 May 1;81(5):1491–1501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris KS, Adda CG, Khore M, et al. Use of immunodampening to overcome diversity in the malarial vaccine candidate apical membrane antigen 1. Infect Immun. 2014 Nov 1;82(11):4707–4717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasan P, Ekanem E, Diouf A, et al. Immunization with a functional protein complex required for erythrocyte invasion protects against lethal malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2014 Jul 15;111(28):10311–10316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das S, Hertrich N, Perrin AJ, et al. Processing of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein msp1 activates a spectrin-binding function enabling parasite egress from RBCs. Cell Host Microbe. 2015 Oct 14;18(4):433–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehy SH, Duncan CJ, Elias SC, et al. ChAd63-MVA–vectored blood-stage malaria vaccines targeting MSP1 and AMA1: assessment of efficacy against mosquito bite challenge in humans. Mol Ther. 2012 Dec 31;20(12):2355–2368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilson PR, Nebl T, Vukcevic D, et al. Identification and stoichiometry of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006 Jul 1;5(7):1286–1299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genton B, Betuela I, Felger I, et al. A recombinant blood-stage malaria vaccine reduces Plasmodium falciparum density and exerts selective pressure on parasite populations in a phase 1-2b trial in Papua New Guinea. J Infect Dis. 2002 Mar 15;185(6):820–827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirima SB, Cousens S, Druilhe P. Protection against malaria by MSP3 candidate vaccine. New England J Med. 2011 Sep 15;365(11):1062–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oeuvray C, Bouharoun-Tayoun H, Gras-Masse H, et al. Merozoite surface protein-3: a malaria protein inducing antibodies that promote Plasmodium falciparum killing by cooperation with blood monocytes. Blood. 1994 Sep 1;84(5):1594–1602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theisen M, Soe S, Oeuvray C, et al. The glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) of Plasmodium falciparum is a target for antibody-dependent monocyte-mediated inhibition of parasite growth in vitro. Infect Immun. 1998 Jan 1;66(1):11–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodoo D, Theisen M, Kurtzhals JA, et al. Naturally acquired antibodies to the glutamate-rich protein are associated with protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J Infect Dis. 2000 Mar 1;181(3):1202–1205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esen M, Kremsner PG, Schleucher R, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of GMZ2—a MSP3–GLURP fusion protein malaria vaccine candidate. Vaccine. 2009 Nov 16;27(49):6862–6868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirima SB, Mordmüller B, Milligan P, et al. A phase 2b randomized, controlled trial of the efficacy of the GMZ2 malaria vaccine in African children. Vaccine. 2016 Aug 31;34(38):4536–4542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palacpac NM, Arisue N, Tougan T, et al. Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen 5 (SE36) as a malaria vaccine candidate. Vaccine. 2011 Aug 11;29(35):5837–5845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palacpac NM, Ntege E, Yeka A, et al. Phase 1b randomized trial and follow-up study in Uganda of the blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate BK-SE36. Plos One. 2013 May 28;8(5):e64073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healer J, Thompson JK, Riglar DT, et al. Vaccination with conserved regions of erythrocyte-binding antigens induces neutralizing antibodies against multiple strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Plos One. 2013 Sep 10;8(9):e72504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bei AK, Membi CD, Rayner JC, et al. Variant merozoite protein expression is associated with erythrocyte invasion phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Tanzania. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2007;153(1):66–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum J, Chen L, Healer J, et al. Reticulocyte-binding protein homologue 5–an essential adhesin involved in invasion of human erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum. Int J Parasitol. 2009 Feb 28;39(3):371–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas AD, Williams AR, Illingworth JJ, et al. The blood-stage malaria antigen PfRH5 is susceptible to vaccine-inducible cross-strain neutralizing antibody. Nat Commun. 2011 May;2:601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran TM, Ongoiba A, Coursen J, et al. Naturally acquired antibodies specific for Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homologue 5 inhibit parasite growth and predict protection from malaria. J Infect Dis. 2014;209:789–798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel SD, Ahouidi AD, Bei AK, et al. Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen, PfRH5, elicits detectable levels of invasion-inhibiting antibodies in humans. J Infect Dis. 2013 Nov 15;208(10):1679–1687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bustamante LY, Bartholdson SJ, Crosnier C, et al. A full-length recombinant Plasmodium falciparum PfRH5 protein induces inhibitory antibodies that are effective across common PfRH5 genetic variants. Vaccine. 2013 Jan 2;31(2):373–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas AD, Baldeviano GC, Lucas CM, et al. A PfRH5-based vaccine is efficacious against heterologous strain blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum infection in Aotus monkeys. Cell Host Microbe. 2015 Jan 14;17(1):130–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne RO, Milne KH, Elias SC, et al. Demonstration of the blood-stage controlled human malaria infection model to assess efficacy of the Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 vaccine FMP2. 1/AS01. J Infect Dis. 2016 Jun 1;213(11):1743–1751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanoi BN, Takashima E, Morita M, et al. Antibody profiles to wheat germ cell-free system synthesized Plasmodium falciparum proteins correlate with protection from symptomatic malaria in Uganda. Vaccine. 2017 Jan 12; 35(6):873–881.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle MJ, Reiling L, Osier FH, et al. Recent insights into humoral immunity targeting Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria. Int J Parasitol. 2017 Feb 28;47(2):99–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner MJ, Hall N, Fung E, et al. Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Nature. 2002 Oct 3;419(6906):498–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuboi T, Takeo S, Iriko H, et al. Wheat germ cell-free system-based production of malaria proteins for discovery of novel vaccine candidates. Infect Immun. 2008 Apr 1; 76(4):1702–1708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doolan DL, Mu Y, Unal B, et al. Profiling humoral immune responses to P. falciparum infection with protein microarrays. Proteomics. 2008 Nov 1;8(22):4680–4694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crompton PD, Kayala MA, Traore B, et al. A prospective analysis of the Ab response to Plasmodium falciparum before and after a malaria season by protein microarray. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010 Apr 13;107(15):6958–6963.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chia WN, Goh YS, Renia L. Novel approaches to identify protective malaria vaccine candidates. Front Microbiol. 2014;5:586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dent AE, Nakajima R, Liang L, et al. Plasmodium falciparum protein microarray antibody profiles correlate with protection from symptomatic malaria in Kenya. J Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 1;212(9):1429–1438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arumugam TU, Ito D, Takashima E, et al. Application of wheat germ cell-free protein expression system for novel malaria vaccine candidate discovery. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2014 Jan 1;13(1):75–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuboi T, Takeo S, Arumugam TU, et al. The wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system: a key tool for novel malaria vaccine candidate discovery. Acta Tropica. 2010 Jun 30;114(3):171–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madono M, Sawasaki T, Morishita R, et al. Wheat germ cell-free protein production system for post-genomic research. N Biotechnol. 2011 Apr 30;28(3):211–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Templeton TJ, Iyer LM, Anantharaman V, et al. Comparative analysis of apicomplexa and genomic diversity in eukaryotes. Genome Res. 2004 Sep 1;14(9):1686–1695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul P, Chowdhury A, Talukdar AD, et al. Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation of N-myristoyltransferase from Plasmodium falciparum: an insight into novel antimalarial drug design. J Mol Model. 2015 Mar 1;21(3):37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arumugam TU, Takeo S, Yamasaki T, et al. Discovery of GAMA, a Plasmodium falciparum merozoite micronemal protein, as a novel blood-stage vaccine candidate antigen. Infect Immun. 2011 Nov 1;79(11):4523–4532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuoka K, Komori H, Nose M, et al. Simple screening method for autoantigen proteins using the N-terminal biotinylated protein library produced by wheat cell-free synthesis. J Proteome Res. 2010 Jul 19;9(8):4264–4273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morita M, Takashima E, Ito D, et al. Immunoscreening of Plasmodium falciparum proteins expressed in a wheat germ cell-free system reveals a novel malaria vaccine candidate. Sci Rep. 2017;7:46086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osier FH, Feng G, Boyle MJ, et al. Opsonic phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites: mechanism in human immunity and a correlate of protection against malaria. BMC Med. 2014 Jul 1;12(1):108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle MJ, Reiling L, Feng G, et al. Human antibodies fix complement to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum invasion of erythrocytes and are associated with protection against malaria. Immunity. 2015 Mar 17;42(3):580–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joos C, Marrama L, Polson HE, et al. Clinical protection from falciparum malaria correlates with neutrophil respiratory bursts induced by merozoites opsonized with human serum antibodies. Plos One. 2010 Mar 25;5(3):e9871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyon JA, Angov E, Fay MP, et al. Protection induced by Plasmodium falciparum MSP142 is strain-specific, antigen and adjuvant dependent, and correlates with antibody responses. Plos One. 2008 Jul 30;3(7):e2830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takala SL, Plowe CV. Genetic diversity and malaria vaccine design, testing and efficacy: preventing and overcoming ‘vaccine resistant malaria’. Parasite Immunol. 2009 Sep 1;31(9):560–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley EM, Stewart VA. Immune mechanisms in malaria: new insights in vaccine development. Nat Med. 2013 Feb 1;19(2):168–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dzikowski R, Deitsch KW. Genetics of antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum. Curr Genet. 2009 Apr 1;55(2):103–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill DL, Wilson DW, Sampaio NG, et al. Merozoite antigens of Plasmodium falciparum elicit strain-transcending opsonizing immunity. Infect Immun. 2016 Aug 1;84(8):2175–2184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boes A, Spiegel H, Kastilan R, et al. Analysis of the dose-dependent stage-specific in vitro efficacy of a multi-stage malaria vaccine candidate cocktail. Malar J. 2016 May 17;15(1):279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey AK, Reddy KS, Sahar T, et al. Identification of a potent combination of key Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens that elicit strain-transcending parasite-neutralizing antibodies. Infect Immun. 2013 Feb 1;81(2):441–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy KS, Pandey AK, Singh H, et al. Bacterially expressed full-length recombinant Plasmodium falciparum RH5 protein binds erythrocytes and elicits potent strain-transcending parasite-neutralizing antibodies. Infect Immun. 2014 Jan 1;82(1):152–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takashima E, Masayuki M, Takafumi T. Vaccine candidates for malaria: what’s new? 2016;15(1):1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Srinivasan P, Beatty WL, Diouf A, et al. Binding of Plasmodium merozoite proteins RON2 and AMA1 triggers commitment to invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108(32):13275–13280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin MR, Li X, Hanada T, et al. Merozoite surface protein 1 recognition of host glycophorin A mediates malaria parasite invasion of red blood cells. Blood. 2015 Apr 23;125(17):2704–2711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daubersies P, Thomas AW, Millet P, et al. Protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in chimpanzees by immunization with the conserved pre-erythrocytic liver-stage antigen 3. Nat Med. 2000 Nov 1;6(11):1258–1263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlaza BL, Valencia AZ, Zapata C, et al. Protection against Plasmodium falciparum challenge induced in Aotus monkeys by liver‐stage antigen‐3‐derived long synthetic peptides. Eur J Immunol. 2008 Sep 1;38(9):2610–2615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drew DR, Beeson JG. PfRH5 as a candidate vaccine for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Trends Parasitol. 2015 Mar 31;31(3):87–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Favuzza P, Blaser S, Dreyer AM, et al. Generation of Plasmodium falciparum parasite-inhibitory antibodies by immunization with recombinantly-expressed CyRPA. Malar J. 2016 Mar 15;15(1):161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito D, Hasegawa T, Miura K, et al. RALP1 is a rhoptry neck erythrocyte-binding protein of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and a potential blood-stage vaccine candidate antigen. Infect Immun. 2013 Nov 1;81(11):4290–4298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakamoto H, Takeo S, Maier AG, et al. Antibodies against a Plasmodium falciparum antigen PfMSPDBL1 inhibit merozoite invasion into human erythrocytes. Vaccine. 2012 Mar 2;30(11):1972–1980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polhemus ME, Magill AJ, Cummings JF, et al. Phase I dose escalation safety and immunogenicity trial of Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane protein (AMA-1) FMP2. 1, adjuvanted with AS02A, in malaria-naive adults at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Vaccine. 2007;25(21):4203–4212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanagan KL, Wilson KL, Plebanski M. Polymorphism in liver-stage malaria vaccine candidate proteins: immune evasion and implications for vaccine design. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016 Mar 3;15(3):389–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar