270
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Cross-Country Skiing

Biomechanical validation of a specific upper body training and testing drill in cross‐country skiing

, &
Pages 23-46 | Published online: 26 Jul 2010

References

  • Bergh , U. 1982 . Physiology of Cross-Country Ski Racing. , Champaign : Human Kinetics .
  • Bilodeau , B. , Roy , B. and Boulay , R. M. 1995 . Upper body testing of crosscountry skiers . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 27 : 1557 – 1562 .
  • Bosco , C. 1992 . Eine neue Methodik zur Einschátzung und Programmierung des Trainings . Leistungssport , 22 : 21 – 28 .
  • Bortz , J. 2003 . Forschungsmethoden und Evaluation für Human- und Sozialwissenschaftler. , Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Boulay , M. R. , Rundell , K. and King , D. K. 1994 . Effect of slope variation and skating technique on velocity in cross-country skiing . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 27 : 281 – 287 .
  • Colliander , E. B and Tesch , P. A. 1990 . Effects of eccentric and concentric muscle actions in resistance training . Acta physiologica Scandinavica , 140 : 31 – 39 .
  • de Luca , C. J. 1997 . The use of surface Electromyography in Biomechanics . Journal of Biomechanics , 13 : 135 – 163 .
  • Djatschkow , W. M. 1977 . Die Steuerung und Optimierung des Trainingsprozesses. , Berlin : Bartels & Wenitz .
  • Downing , J. J. and Wilcox , A. R. 2003 . Effects of an eight-week training program on upper-body power in women cross-country skiers . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 17 : 726 – 733 .
  • Dudley , G. A. and Djamil , R. 1985 . Incompatibility of endurance and strength-training modes of exercise . Journal of Applied Physiology , 59 : 1446 – 1451 .
  • Dudley , G. A. , Tesch , P. A. , Miller , B. J. and Buchanan , P. 1991 . Importance of eccentric actions in performance adaptations to resistance training . Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine , 62 : 543 – 550 .
  • Faria , I. E. , Faria , E. W. and Parker , D. 1996 . Metabolic and ventilatory response to cross-country skiing classical and double arm poling exercise . The Journal of Sports Medicine and physical Fitness , 36 : 1 – 6 .
  • Gaskill , S. , Serfass , R. and Rundell , K. 1999 . Upper Body Power Comparison Between Groups of Cross-Country Skiers and Runners . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 20 : 290 – 294 .
  • Hakkinen , K. and Komi , P. V. 1986 . Training-induced changes in neuro-muscular performance under voluntary and reflex conditions . European Journal of Applied physiology and Occupational Physiology , 55 : 147 – 155 .
  • Helgerud , J. , Vik , J. T. and Hoff , J. 2001 . The effect of maximal strength training on endurance performance in upper body for highly trained male cross-country skiers . Corpus, Psyche et Societas , 8 (1-2) : 90 – 103 .
  • Hermens , H. J. , Freriks , B. , Merletti , R. , Stegeman , D. F. , Blok , J. H. , Rau , G. , Disselhost-Klug , C. and Hägg , G. 1999 . European Recommendations for Surface Electromyography. Results of the SENIAM Project. , Enschede : Roessingh Research and Development .
  • Hoff , J. , Helgerud , J. and Wisloff , U. 1999 . Maximal strength training improves work economy in trained female cross-country skiers . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 31 : 870 – 877 .
  • Hoff , J. , Gran , A. and Helgerud , J. 2002 . Maximal strength training improves aerobic endurance performance . Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , 12 : 288 – 295 .
  • Hoffman , M. D. and Clifford , P. S. 1992 . Physiological aspects of competitive cross country skiing . Journal of Sports Sciences , 10 : 3 – 27 .
  • Holmberg , H-C , Lindinger , S. , Stoggl , T. , Eitzlmair , E. and Müller , E. 2005 . Biomechanical analysis of double poling in elite cross-country skiers . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 37 : 807 – 818 .
  • Ingjer , F. 1991 . Maximal oxygen uptake as a predictor of performance ability in women and men elite cross-country skiers . Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , 1 : 25 – 30 .
  • Mahood , N. V. , Kenefick , R. W. , Kertzer , R. and Quinn , T. J. 2001 . Physiological determinants of cross-country ski racing performance . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 33 : 1379 – 1384 .
  • Menzel , H. I. 1990 . “ Kinematische Affinität von Trainings- und Wettkampfwürfen im Speerwurf ” . In Forschungsgegenstand Sport , Edited by: Menzel , H. J. and Preiss , R. 237 – 256 . Frankfurt : Thun & Deutsch .
  • Millerhagen , J. O. , Kelly , J. M. and Murphy , R. J. 1983 . A study of combined arm and leg exercise with application to Nordic skiing . Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences , 8 : 92 – 97 .
  • Millet , G. P. , Boissiere , D. and Candau , R. 2003 . Energy cost of different skating techniques in cross-country skiing . Journal of Sports Sciences , 21 : 3 – 11 .
  • Millet , G. Y. , Hoffman , M. D. , Candau , R. B. and Clifford , P. S. 1998 . Poling forces during roller skiing: effects of grade . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 30 : 1637 – 1644 .
  • Müller , E. , Benko , U. , Raschner , C. and Schwameder , H. 2000 . Specific fitness training and testing in competitive sports . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 32 : 216 – 220 .
  • Mygind , E. , Larsson , B. and Klausen , T. 1991 . Evaluation of a specific test in cross country skiing . Journal of Sports Sciences , 9 : 249 – 257 .
  • Nesser , T. W. , Chen , S. , Serfass , R. C. and Gaskill , S. E. 2004 . Development of upper body power in junior cross-country skiers . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 18 : 63 – 71 .
  • Østerås , H. , Helgerud , J. and Hoff , J. 2002 . Maximal strength-training effects on force-velocity and force-power relationships explain increases in aerobic performance of humans . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 88 : 255 – 263 .
  • O'Hagan , F. T. , Sale , D. G. , MacDougall , J. D. and Garner , S. H. 1995 . Comparative effectiveness of accommodating and weight resistance training modes . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 27 : 1210 – 1219 .
  • Rundell , K. W. 1995 . Treadmill roller ski test predicts biathlon roller ski race results of elite U.S. biathlon women . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 27 : 1677 – 1685 .
  • Rundell , K. W. and Bacharach , D. W. 1995 . Physiological characteristics and performance of top U.S. biathletes . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 27 : 1302 – 1310 .
  • Saltin , B. 1997 . “ The physiology of competitive cross-country skiing across a four decade perspective; with a note on training induced adaptations and role of training at medium altitude ” . In Science and Skiing , Edited by: Müller. , E. , Kornexl , E. and Raschner , C. 435 – 469 . London : E&FN Spon .
  • Schwirtz , A. , Jakob , E. , Neubert , A. , Schlick , S. and Zipfel , G. Zur mechanischen und metabolischen Belastungsstruktur am Armkraftzuggerät für Skilangläufer . Integrative Forschungsansätze in der Biomechanik 3. Symposium der DVS-Sektion Biomechanik . Edited by: Gollhofer , A. pp. 121 – 126 . St. Augustin : Academia Verlag .
  • Sharkey , B. J. 1984 . Training for Cross-Country Ski Racing. A Physiological Guide for Athletes and Coaches. , Champaign : Human Kinetics .
  • Smith , G. A. , Nelson , R. C. , Feldman , A. and Rankinen , J. I. 1989 . Analysis of VI skating technique of Olympic cross-country skiers . International Journal of Sport Biomechanics , 5 : 185 – 207 .
  • Smith , G. A. , Fewster , J. B. and Braudt , S. M. 1996 . Double poling kinematics and performance in cross-country skiing . Journal of Applied Biomechanics , 12 : 88 – 103 .
  • Staib , J. L. , Im , J. , Caldwell , Z. and Rundell , K. W. 2000 . Cross-country ski racing performance predicted by aerobic and anaerobic double poling power . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 14 : 282 – 288 .
  • Stöggl , T. 2001 . Effizienzuntersuchung des Muskelleistungsschwellenkonzeptes im skilanglaufspezifischen Kraftausdauertraining , Austria : University of Salzburg . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
  • Winter , D. A. 1990 . Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. , New York : John Wiley .
  • Wisloff , U. and Helgerud , J. 1998 . Evaluation of a new upper body ergometer for cross-country skiers . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 30 : 1314 – 1320 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.