Cycling: joint kinematics and muscle activity during differing intensities

References

• Bini, R., Dagnese, F., Rocha, E., Silveira, M., Carpes, F., & Mota, C. (2016). Three-dimensional kinematics of competitive and recreational cyclists across different workloads during cycling. European Journal of Sport Science, 16, 553–559. doi:10.1080/17461391.2015.1135984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bini, R., & Diefenthaeler, F. (2010). Kinetics and kinematics analysis of incremental cycling to exhaustion. Sports Biomechanics, 9, 223–235. doi:10.1080/14763141.2010.540672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bini, R., Diefenthaeler, F., & Mota, C. B. (2010). Fatigue effects on the coordinative pattern during cycling: Kinetics and kinematics evaluation. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 20, 102–107. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bini, R., Hume, P., & Croft, J. (2011). Effects of bicycle saddle height on knee injury risk and cycling performance. Sports Medicine, 41, 463–476. doi:10.2165/11588740-000000000-00000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bini, R., Hume, P., Croft, J., & Kilding, A. (2011). Effects of saddle position on pedalling technique and methods to assess pedalling kinetics and kinematics of cyclists and triathletes ( PhD thesis). Auckland University of Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Bini, R., Senger, D., Lanferdini, F., & Lopes, A. L. (2012). Joint kinematics assessment during cycling incremental test to exhaustion. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 20, 99–105. doi:10.3233/IES-2012-0447
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake, O. M., Champoux, Y., & Wakeling, J. M. (2012). Muscle coordination patterns for efficient cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44, 926–938. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182404d4b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg, G. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14, 377–381. doi:10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burt, P. (2014). Bike fit: Optimise your bike position for high performance and injury avoidance (pp. 37–67). London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
   Google Scholar
• Chapman, A., Vicenzino, B., Blanch, P., Knox, J., & Hodges, P. (2010). Intramuscular fine-wire electromyography during cycling: Repeatability, normalisation and a comparison to surface electromyography. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 20, 108–117. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.11.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Da Silva, J., Tarassova, O., Ekblom, M. M., Andersson, E., Ronquist, G., & Arndt, A. (2016). Quadriceps and hamstring muscle activity during cycling as measured with intramuscular electromyography. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116, 1807–1817. doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3428-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Pauw, K., Roelands, B., Cheung, S., de Geus, B., Rietjens, G., & Meeusen, R. (2013). Guidelines to classify subject groups in sport-science research. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 8, 111–122. doi:10.1123/ijspp.8.2.111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vey Mestdagh, K. (1998). Personal perspective: In search of an optimum cycling posture. Applied Ergonomics, 29, 325–334. doi:10.1016/S0003-6870(97)00080-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dingwell, J., Joubert, J., Diefenthaeler, F., & Trinity, J. (2008). Changes in muscle activity and kinematics of highly trained cyclists during fatigue. IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering, 55, 2666–2674. doi:10.1109/TBME.2008.2001130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorel, S., Guilhem, G., Couturier, A., & Hug, F. (2012). Adjustment of muscle coordination during an all-out sprint cycling task. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44, 2154–2164. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182625423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell, K. C., Reisinger, K. D., & Tillman, M. D. (2003). Force and repetition in cycling: Possible implications for iliotibial band friction syndrome. Knee, 10, 103–109. doi:10.1016/S0968-0160(02)00090-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer-Roca, V., Roig, A., Galilea, P., & Garcia-Lopez, J. (2012). Influence of saddle height on lower limb kinematics in well-trained cyclists: Static versus dynamic evaluation in bike fitting. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26, 3025–3029. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318245c09d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonda, B., & Sarabon, N. (2010). Biomechanics of cycling. Sports Science Review, XIX, 187–210. doi:10.2478/v10237-011-0012-0
   Google Scholar
• Fonda, B., Sarabon, N., & Li, F. (2014). Validity and reliability of different kinematics methods used for bike fitting. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32, 940–946. doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.868919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, M., Watson, H., & Baker, J. (2015). Assessment of the upper body contribution to multiple-sprint cycling in men and women. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 35, 258–266. doi:10.1111/cpf.12159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamley, E., & Thomas, V. (1967). Physiological and postural factors in the calibration of the bicycle ergometer. Journal of Physiology, 191, 55–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heil, D., Derrick, T., & Whittlesey, S. (1997). The relationship between preferred and optimal positioning during submaximal cycle ergometry. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occuptional Physiology, 75, 160–165. doi:10.1007/s004210050141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermens, H. J., Freriks, B., Merletti, R., Stegeman, D., Blok, J., Rau, G., … Hägg, G. (1999). European recommendations for surface electroMyoGraphy. Enschede, the Netherlands: Roessingh Research and Develpoment.
   Google Scholar
• Holliday, W., Fisher, J., Theo, R., & Swart, J. (2017). Static versus dynamic kinematics in cyclists: A comparison of goniometer, inclinometer and 3D motion capture. European Journal of Sport Science, 17, 1129–1142. doi:10.1080/17461391.2017.1351580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, J., Pruitt, A., & Whalen, N. (1994). Lower extremity overuse in bicycling. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 13, 187–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins, W. (2013). A new view of statistics. Retrieved from http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/relycalc.html
   Google Scholar
• Hug, F., & Dorel, S. (2009). Electromyographic analysis of pedaling: A review. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 19, 182–198. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.10.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorge, M., & Hull, M. (1986). Analysis of EMG measurements during bicycle pedalling. Journal of Biomechanics, 19, 683–694. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(86)90192-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay, D., Marino, F. E., Cannon, J., St Clair Gibson, A., Lambert, M. I., & Noakes, T. D. (2001). Evidence for neuromuscular fatigue during high-intensity cycling in warm, humid conditions. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 84, 115–121. doi:10.1007/s004210000340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamberts, R. P., Swart, J., Richard, W., Hons, M., Noakes, T. D., & Lambert, M. I. (2009). Measurement error associated with performance testing in well- trained cyclists : Application to the precision of monitoring changes. International SportMed Journal, 10, 33–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, L., & Caldwell, G. (1998). Muscle coordination in cycling: Effect of surface incline and posture. Journal of Applied Physiology, 85, 927–934. doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.3.927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padilla, S., Mujika, I., Orbananos, J., Santisteban, J., Angulo, F., & Goiriena, J. (2001). Exercise intensity and load during mass-start stage races in professional road cycling. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33, 796–802. doi:10.1097/00005768-200105000-00019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer, G., Hawley, J., Dennis, S., & Noakes, T. (1994). Heart rate responses during a 4-d cycle stage race. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26, 1278–1283. doi:10.1249/00005768-199410000-00016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peveler, W. (2008). Effects of saddle height on economy in cycling. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22, 1355–1359. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318173dac6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peveler, W., Bishop, P., Smith, J., Richardson, M., & Whitehorn, E. (2005). Comparing methods for setting saddle height in trained cyclists. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 8, 51–55.
   Google Scholar
• Peveler, W., Pounders, J., & Bishop, P. (2007). Effects of Saddle Height on anaerobic power production in cycling. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21, 1023–1027. doi:10.1519/R-20316.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peveler, W., Shew, B., Johnson, S., & Palmer, T. (2012). A kinematic comparison of alterations to knee and ankle angles from resting measures to active pedaling during a graded exercise protocol. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26, 3004–3009. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318243fdcb
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plug-in Gait model details. (2008, March). Retrieved from Vicon website www.vicon.com/downloads/documentation/plug-in-gait-model-details
   Google Scholar
• Sanderson, D. J., & Black, A. (2003). The effect of prolonged cycling on pedal forces. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 191–199. doi:10.1080/0264041031000071010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayers, M., & Tweddle, A. (2012). Thorax and pelvis kinematics change during sustained cycling. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33, 314–390. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1291363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silberman, M., Webner, D., Collina, S., & Shiple, B. (2005). Road bicycle fit. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 15, 271–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• So, R., Ng, J., & Ng, G. (2005). Muscle recruitment pattern in cycling: A review. Physical Therapy in Sport, 6, 89–96. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2005.02.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsushima, H., Morris, M. E., & McGinley, J. (2003). Test-retest reliability and inter-tester reliability of kinematic data from a three-dimensional gait analysis system. Journal of the Japanese Physical Therapy Association, 6, 9–17. doi:10.1298/jjpta.6.9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whaley, M., Brubaker, P., & Otto, R. (2007). Preparticipation health screening and risk stratification. In M. Whaley, P. Brubaker, & R. Otto (Eds.), ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (pp. 26). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• World Medical Association. (2013). World medical association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Journal of the American Medical Association, 310, 2191–2194. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.281053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar