Is the spiritual bond bound by blood? An exploratory study of spiritual leadership in family firms

References

• Alexakis , G. 2011 . Transcendental leadership: the progressive hospitality leader’s silver bullet . International Journal of Hospitality Management , 30 : 708 – 713 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashmos , D.P. and Duchon , D. 2000 . Spirituality at work: a conceptualization and measure . Journal of Management Inquiry , 9 ( 2 ) : 134 – 145 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astrachan , J.H. 2010 . Strategy in family business: toward a multidimensional research agenda . Journal of Family Business Strategy , 1 ( 1 ) : 6 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Avolio , B.J. , Walumbwa , F.O. and Weber , T.J. 2009 . Leadership: current theories, research, and future directions . Annual Review of Psychology , 60 ( 1 ) : 421 – 449 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayranci , E. and Semercioz , F. 2011 . The relationship between spiritual leadership and issues of spirituality and religiosity: a study of top Turkish managers . International Journal of Business and Management , 6 ( 4 ) : 136 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnett , T. and Kellermanns , F.W. 2006 . Are we family and are we treated as family? Nonfamily employees’ perceptions of justice in the family firm . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 30 ( 6 ) : 837 – 854 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R.M. and Kenny , D.A. 1986 . The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychology research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1173 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bass , B.M. 1985 . Leadership: good, better, best . Organizational Dynamics , 13 ( 3 ) : 26 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bass , B.M. 1990 . From transactional to transformational leadership: learning to share the vision . Organizational Dynamics , 18 ( 3 ) : 19 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bass , B.M. 2008 . The bass handbook of leadership , 4th ed. , New York , NY : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Berrone , P. 2010 . Socioemotional wealth and corporate responses to institutional pressures: do family-controlled firms pollute less? . Administrative Science Quarterly , 55 : 82 – 113 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biberman , J. and Altman , Y. 2004 . Welcome to the new Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion . Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion , 1 ( 1 ) : 1 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Cardona , P. 2000 . Transcendental leadership . The Leadership & Organization Development Journal , 21 ( 4 ) : 201 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Chrisman , J. 2007 . Are family managers agents or stewards? An exploratory study in privately held family firms . Journal of Business Research , 60 ( 10 ) : 1030 – 1038 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua , J.H. , Chrisman , J.J. and Sharma , P. 1999 . Defining family business by behaviour . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 23 ( 4 ) : 19 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Dean , K.L. and Fornaciari , C.J. 2007 . Empirical research in management, spirituality, and religion during its founding years . Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion , 4 ( 1 ) : 3 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Debicki , B.J. 2009 . Family business research in the new millennium: an overview of the who, the where, the what, and the why . Family Business Review , 22 ( 2 ) : 151 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dent , E. , Higgins , M. and Wharff , D. 2005 . Spirituality and leadership: an empirical review of definitions, distinctions, and embedded assumptions . The Leadership Quarterly , 16 ( 5 ) : 625 – 653 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddleston , K.A. and Kellermanns , F.W. 2007 . Destructive and productive family relationships: a stewardship theory perspective . Journal of Business Venturing , 22 : 545 – 565 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddleston , K. , Kellermanns , F.W. and Sarathy , R. 2008 . Resource configuration in family firms: linking resources, strategic planning and technological opportunities to performance . Journal of Management Studies , 45 ( 1 ) : 26 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrhart , M.G. 2004 . Leadership and procedural justice climate as antecendent of unit-level organizational citizenship behavior . Personnel Psychology , 57 : 61 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkins , D.N. 1988 . Toward a humanistic-phenomenological spirituality: definition, description, and measurement . Journal of Humanistic Psychology , 28 ( 4 ) : 5 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairholm , G.W. 1996 . Spiritual leadership: fulfilling whole-self needs at work . Leadership & Organizational Development Journal , 17 ( 5 ) : 11 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Fairholm , G.W. 1998 . Leadership as an exercise in virtual reality . Leadership & Organizational Development Journal , 19 ( 4 ) : 187 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Fornaciari , C. and Lund Dean , K. 2009 . Foundations, lessons, and insider tips for MSR research . Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion , 6 ( 4 ) : 301 – 321 .
   Google Scholar
• Fry , L. 2003 . Toward a theory of spiritual leadership . The Leadership Quarterly , 14 ( 6 ) : 693 – 727 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry , L.W. and Cohen , M.P. 2009 . Spiritual leadership as a paradigm for organizational transformation and recovery from extended work hours cultures . Journal of Business Ethics , 84 ( S2 ) : 265 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry , L.W. , Matherly , L.L. and Ouimet , J.R. 2010 . The spiritual leadership balanced scorecard business model: the case of the Cordon Bleu-Tomasso Corporation . Journal of Management, Spirituality, & Religion , 7 ( 4 ) : 283 – 314 .
   Google Scholar
• Fry , L. and Slocum , J. Jr. 2008 . Maximizing the triple bottom line through spiritual leadership . Organizational Dynamics , 37 ( 1 ) : 89 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry , L. , Vitucci , S. and Cedillo , M. 2005 . Spiritual leadership and army transformation: theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline . The Leadership Quarterly , 16 ( 5 ) : 835 – 862 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Zamor , J.-C. 2003 . Workplace spirituality and organizational performance . Public Administration Review , 63 ( 3 ) : 355 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geh , E. and Tan , G. 2009 . Spirituality at work in a changing world: managerial and research implications . Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion , 6 ( 4 ) : 287 – 300 .
   Google Scholar
• Giacalone , R.A. and Jurkiewicz , C.L. 2003 . “ Toward a science of workplace spirituality ” . In Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance , Edited by: Giacalone , R.A. and Jurkiewicz , C.L. 3 – 28 . New York , NY : M.E. Sharp .
   Google Scholar
• Gomez-Mejia , L.R. 2007 . Socioemotional wealth and business risks in family-controlled firms: evidence from Spanish olive oil mills . Administrative Science Quarterly , 52 : 106 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair , J.J.F. 1998 . Multivariate Data Analysis , 5th ed. , Upper Saddle River , NJ : Pearson Education .
   Google Scholar
• Hater , J.J. and Bass , B.M. 1988 . Superiors’ evaluations and subordinates’ perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership . Journal of Applied Psychology , 73 ( 4 ) : 695 – 702 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung , D.I. , Chow , C. and Wu , A. 2003 . The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: hypotheses and some preliminary findings . The Leadership Quarterly , 14 ( 4–5 ) : 525 – 544 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanuk , L. and Berenson , C. 1975 . Mail surveys and response rates: a literature review . Journal of Marketing Research , 12 ( 4 ) : 440 – 453 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karra , N. , Tracey , P. and Phillips , N. 2006 . Altruism and agency in the family firm: exploring the role of family, kinship, and ethnicity . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 30 : 861 – 877 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein , S.B. , Astrachan , J.H. and Smyrnios , K.X. 2005 . The F-PEC scale of family influence. Construct validation, and further implication for theory . Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , 29 ( 3 ) : 321 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lama , Dalai . 1999 . Ethics for the new millennium , New York , NY : Riverhead Books .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , K. and Allen , N.J. 2002 . Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance. The role of affect and cognitions . Journal of Applied Psychology , 87 ( 1 ) : 131 – 142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez , L.H. , Ramos , R.R. and Ramos , S.R. 2009 . Spiritual behavior in the workplace as a topic for research . Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion , 6 ( 4 ) : 273 – 285 .
   Google Scholar
• Lowe , K.B. , Kroeck , G. and Sivasubramaniam , N. 1996 . Effectiveness correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature . The Leadership Quarterly , 7 ( 3 ) : 385 – 425 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubatkin , M.H. 2005 . The effects of parental altruism on the governance of family-managed firms . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 26 ( 3 ) : 313 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malone, P.F. and Fry, L.W., 2003. Transforming schools through spiritual leadership: a field experiment. Paper presented at the Academy of Management, Seattle, WA.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , D.M. 2009 . How low does ethical leadership flow? Test of a trickle-down model . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 108 : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitroff , I.I. and Denton , E.A. 1999 . A study of spirituality in the workplace . Sloan Management Review , 40 ( 4 ) : 83 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Mustakallio , M. , Aution , E. and Zahra , S.A. 2002 . Relational and contractual governence in family firms: effects on strategic decision making . Family Business Review , XV ( 3 ) : 205 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Neal , J. and Vallejo , M.C. 2008 . Family firms as incubators for spirituality in the workplace. Factors that nurture spiritual business . Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion , 5 ( 2 ) : 115 – 159 .
   Google Scholar
• Oppenheim , A.N. 1966 . Questionnaire Design and Attitude Measurement , New York , NY : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Organ , D.W. 1988 . Organizational citizenship behavior: the good soldier syndrome , Lexington , MA : Lexington Books .
   Google Scholar
• Organ , D.W. and Konovsky , M. 1989 . Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behavior . Journal of Applied Psychology , 74 ( 1 ) : 157 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organ , D.W. and Ryan , K. 1995 . A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior . Personnel Psychology , 48 : 775 – 802 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccolo , R.F. 2010 . The relationship between ethical leadership and core job characteristics . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 31 : 259 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff , P.M. and Organ , D.W. 1986 . Self-reports in organizational research: problems and prospects . Journal of Management , 12 ( 4 ) : 531 – 544 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff , P.M. , MacKenzie , S.B. , Lee , J.-Y and Podsakoff , N.P. 2003 . Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies . Journal of Applied Psychology , 88 ( 5 ) : 879 – 903 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Possamai , A. and Brackenreg , E. 2009 . Religious and spirituality diversity at a multi-campus suburban university: what type of need for chaplaincy? . Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management , 31 ( 4 ) : 355 – 366 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanders , J.E. , Hopkins , W.E. and Geroy , G.D. 2003 . From transactional to transcendental: toward an integrated theory of leadership . Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies , 9 ( 4 ) : 21 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Schulze , W.S. 2001 . Agency relationships in family firms: theory and evidence . Organization Science , 12 ( 2 ) : 99 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , C.A. , Organ , D.W. and Near , J.P. 1983 . Organizational citizenship behavior: its nature and antecedents . Journal of Applied Psychology , 68 ( 4 ) : 653 – 663 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Essen, M., Carney, M., Gedajlovic, E.R., Heugens, P.P.M.A.R., and van Oosterhout, J. 2011. Do U.S. publicly-listed family firms differ? Does it matter? A meta-analysis. Working Paper, Uttrecht University.
   Google Scholar
• Wright , M. and Kellermanns , F.W. 2011 . Family firms: a research agenda and publication guide . Journal of Family Business Strategy , 2 ( 4 ) : 187 – 198 .
   Google Scholar
• Zellars , K.L. and Perrewe , P.L. 2003 . “ Toward a science of workplace spirituality ” . In Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance , Edited by: Giacalone , R.A. and Jurkiewicz , C.L. 300 – 313 . New York , NY : M.E. Sharp .
   Google Scholar
• Zellweger , T.M. , Eddleston , K.A. and Kellermanns , F.W. 2010 . Exploring the concept of familiness: introducing family firm identity . Journal of Family Business Strategy , 1 ( 1 ) : 54 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Zellweger , T.M. , Kellermanns , F.W. , Chrisman , J.J. and Chua , J.H. 2012 . Family control and family firm valuation by family CEOs: the importance of intentions for transgenerational control . Organization Science , 23 ( 3 ) : 851 – 868 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar