References
- Patrick SW, Schiff DM, AAP Committee on substance use and prevention. A Public health response to opioid use in pregnancy. Pediatrics. 2017;139(3):e20164070.
- Patrick SW, Schumacher RE, Benneyworth BD, et al. Neonatal abstinence syndrome and associated health care expenditures: United States, 2000–2009. Neonatal abstinence syndrome and associated health care expenditures: United States, 2000–2009. JAMA. 2012;307(18):1934–1940.
- Patrick SW, Davis MM, Lehmann CU, et al. Increasing incidence and geographic distribution of neonatal abstinence syndrome: United States 2009 to 2012. J Perinatol. 2015;35(8):650–655.
- Hudak ML, Tan RC, Committee on Drugs, et al. Neonatal drug withdrawal. Pediatrics. 2012;129(2):e540–e560.
- Finnegan LP, Connaughton JF Jr., Kron RE, et al. Neonatal abstinence syndrome: assessment and management. Addict Dis. 1975;2(1–2):141–158
- Madden JD, Chappel JN, Zuspan F, et al. Observation and treatment of neonatal narcotic withdrawal. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1977;127(2):199–201.
- Doberczak TM, Kandall SR, Wilets I. Neonatal opiate abstinence syndrome in term and preterm infants. J Pediatr. 1991;118(6):933–937.
- Gerdin E, Rane A, Lindberg B. Transplacental transfer of morphine in man. J Perinat Med. 1990;18(4):305–312.
- Behnke M, Smith VC; Committee on Substance Abuse, et al. Prenatal substance abuse: short- and long-term effects on the exposed fetus. Pediatrics. 2013;131(3):e1009–e1024:e1009-1024.
- Walhovd KB, Watts R, Amlien I, et al. Neural tract development of infants born to methadone-maintained mothers. Pediatr Neurol. 2012;47(1):1–6.
- Yuan Q, Rubic M, Seah J, et al. Do maternal opioids reduce neonatal regional brain volumes? A pilot study. J Perinatol. 2014;34(12):909–913.
- Rayburn WF. Maternal and fetal effects from substance abuse. Clin Perinatol. 2007;34(4):559–571.
- Hasenstab KA, Jadcherla SR. Respiratory events in infants presenting with apparent life threatening events: is there an explanation from esophageal motility? J Pediatr. 2014;165(2):250–255 e251.
- Jadcherla SR, Shubert TR, Gulati IK, et al. Upper and lower esophageal sphincter kinetics are modified during maturation: effect of pharyngeal stimulus in premature infants. Pediatr Res. 2015;77(1–1):99–106.
- Jadcherla SR, Gupta A, Stoner E, et al. Pharyngeal swallowing: defining pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter relationships in human neonates. J Pediatr. 2007;151(6):597–603.
- Jadcherla SR, Gupta A, Wang M, et al. Definition and implications of novel pharyngo-glottal reflex in human infants using concurrent manometry ultrasonography. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(10):2572–2582.
- Pena EM, Parks VN, Peng J, et al. Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation reflex kinetics: effects of peristaltic reflexes and maturation in human premature neonates. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010;299(6):G1386–G1395.
- Tipnis NA, Tipnis SM. Controversies in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in preterm infants. Clin Perinatol. 2009;36(1):153–164.
- Jadcherla SR, Pakiraih JF, Hasenstab KA, et al. Esophageal reflexes modulate frontoparietal response in neonates: novel application of concurrent NIRS and provocative esophageal manometry. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2014;307(1):G41–G49.
- Lang IM, Shaker R. Anatomy and physiology of the upper esophageal sphincter. Am J Med. 1997;103(5A):50S–55S.
- Jadcherla SR, Gupta A, Coley BD, et al. Esophago-glottal closure reflex in human infants: a novel reflex elicited with concurrent manometry and ultrasonography. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(10):2286–2293.
- Ratuapli SK, Crowell MD, DiBaise JK, et al. Opioid- induced esophageal dysfunction (OIED) in patients on chronic opioids. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(7):979–984.
- Camilleri M, Lembo A, Katzka DA. Opioids in gastroenterology: treating adverse effects and creating therapeutic benefits. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(9):1338–1349.
- Kraichely RE, Arora AS, Murray JA. Opioid-induced oesophageal dysmotility. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31(5):601–606.
- Huybrechts KF, Bateman BT, Desai RJ, et al. Risk of neonatal drug withdrawal after intrauterine co-exposure to opioids and psychotropic medications: cohort study. BMJ. 2017;358:j3326.