Metformin versus insulin for gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

References

• Riddle MC. Introduction: standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(Suppl 1):S1–S2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSisto CL, Kim SY, Sharma AJ. Prevalence estimates of gestational diabetes mellitus in the United States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2007–2010. Prev Chronic Dis. 2014;11:E104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Y, Zhang C. Prevalence of gestational diabetes and risk of progression to type 2 diabetes: a global perspective. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(1):7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group, Metzger BE, Lowe LP, et al. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(19):1991–2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009;373(9677):1773–1779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiefari E, Arcidiacono B, Foti D, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus: an updated overview. J Endocrinol Invest. 2017;40(9):899–909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metzger BE. Long-term outcomes in mothers diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;50(4):972–979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirkola J, Pouta A, Bloigu A, et al. Risks of overweight and abdominal obesity at age 16 years associated with prenatal exposures to maternal prepregnancy overweight and gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(5):1115–1121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons D. Metformin treatment for type 2 diabetes in pregnancy? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;24(4):625–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman JEH, Lutke LR, Gans ROB, et al. Beta-blocker use in pregnancy and risk of specific congenital anomalies: a European case-malformed control study. Drug Saf. 2018;41(4):415–427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;339:b2535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hague WM, Davoren PM, Oliver J, et al. Contraindications to use of metformin. Metformin may be useful in gestational diabetes. BMJ. 2003;326(7392):762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore LE, Briery CM, Clokey D, et al. Metformin and insulin in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus: preliminary results of a comparison. J Reprod Med. 2007;52(11):1011–1015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowan JA, Hague WM, Gao W, et al. Metformin versus insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(19):2003–2015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ijäs H, Vääräsmäki M, Morin-Papunen L, et al. Metformin should be considered in the treatment of gestational diabetes: a prospective randomised study. BJoG. 2011;118(7):880–885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan JA, Karim N, Sheikh Z. Metformin prevents macrosomia and neonatal morbidity in gestational diabetes. Pak J Med Sci. 2012;28(3):384–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niromanesh S, Alavi A, Sharbaf FR, et al. Metformin compared with insulin in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012;98(3):422–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesdaghinia E, Samimi M, Homaei Z, et al. Comparison of newborn outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus treated with metformin or insulin: a randomised blinded trial. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(3):327–333.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spaulonci CP, Bernardes LS, Trindade TC, et al. Randomized trial of metformin vs insulin in the management of gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;209(1):34.e1–34.e7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tertti K, Ekblad U, Koskinen P, et al. Metformin vs. insulin in gestational diabetes. A randomized study characterizing metformin patients needing additional insulin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15(3):246–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruholamin S, Eshaghian S, Allame Z. Neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus treated with metformin in compare with insulin: a randomized clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2014;19(10):970–975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainuddin J, Karim N, Hasan AA, et al. Metformin versus insulin treatment in gestational diabetes in pregnancy in a developing country: a randomized control trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2015;107(2):290–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashoush S, El-Said M, Fathi H, et al. Identification of metformin poor responders, requiring supplemental insulin, during randomization of metformin versus insulin for the control of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2016;42(6):640–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh HS, Abdelsalam WA, Mowafy HE, et al. Could metformin manage gestational diabetes mellitus instead of insulin? Int J Reprod Med. 2016;2016:3480629.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamadani A, Zahid S, Butt ZB. Metformin versus insulin treatment in gestational diabetes in pregnancy and their effects on neonatal birthweight. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2017;11(3):914–916.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das V, et al. Metformin vs insulin for management of gestational diabetes mellitus in developing nations: RCT. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2018;143:192.
   Google Scholar
• Eid SR, Moustafa RSI, Salah MM, et al. Is metformin a viable alternative to insulin in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)? Comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes. Egypt Pediatr Assoc Gaz. 2018;66(1):15–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghomian N, Vahed SHM, Firouz S, et al. The efficacy of metformin compared with insulin in regulating blood glucose levels during gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(4):4695–4701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowan JA, Rush EC, Obolonkin V, et al. Metformin in gestational diabetes: the offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition at 2 years of age. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(10):2279–2284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battin MR, Obolonkin V, Rush E, et al. Blood pressure measurement at two years in offspring of women randomized to a trial of metformin for GDM: follow up data from the MiG trial. BMC Pediatr. 2015;15:54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tertti K, Eskola E, Rönnemaa T, et al. Neurodevelopment of two-year-old children exposed to metformin and insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2015;36(9):752–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tertti K, Toppari J, Virtanen HE, et al. Metformin treatment does not affect testicular size in offspring born to mothers with gestational diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud. 2016;13(1):59–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowan JA, Rush EC, Plank LD, et al. Metformin in gestational diabetes: the offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition and metabolic outcomes at 7–9 years of age. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2018;6(1):e000456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tertti K, Eskola E, Rönnemaa T, et al. Neurodevelopment of two-year-old children exposed to metformin and insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2015;36(9):752–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wouldes TA, Battin M, Coat S, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years in offspring of women randomised to metformin or insulin treatment for gestational diabetes. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2016;101(6):F488–F493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ijäs H, Vääräsmäki M, Saarela T, et al. A follow-up of a randomised study of metformin and insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus: growth and development of the children at the age of 18 months. BJoG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;122(7):994–1000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowan JA, Gao W, Hague WM, et al. Glycemia and its relationship to outcomes in the metformin in gestational diabetes trial. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(1):9–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vest AR, Cho LS. Hypertension in pregnancy. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2014;16(3):395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butalia S, Gutierrez L, Lodha A, et al. Short- and long-term outcomes of metformin compared with insulin alone in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2017;34(1):27–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balsells M, García-Patterson A, Solà I, et al. Glibenclamide, metformin, and insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2015;350:h102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gui J, Liu Q, Feng L. Metformin vs insulin in the management of gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e64585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding JE, Harris DL, Hegarty JE, et al. An emerging evidence base for the management of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Early Hum Dev. 2017;104:51–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar