Cardiac electrical and structural alterations in preeclampsia

References

• Mol BWJ, Roberts CT, Thangaratinam S, et al. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2016;387(10022):999–1011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, et al. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2:323–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying W, Catov JM, Ouyang P. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and future maternal cardiovascular risk. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(17):e009382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• İnci S, Nar G, Aksan G, et al. P-wave dispersion and atrial electromechanical delay in patients with preeclampsia. Med Princ Pract. 2015;24(6):515–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirbas O, Biberoglu EH, Kirbas A, et al. P-wave duration changes and dispersion in preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014;183:141–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirbas A, Kirbas O, Daglar K, et al. Novel indexes of arrhythmogenesis in preeclampsia: QT dispersion, Tp-e interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2016;6(1):38–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekler A, Gazi E, Erbağ G, et al. [Relationship between presence of fragmented QRS on 12-lead electrocardiogram on admission and long-term mortality in patients with non-ST elevated myocardial infarction]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2014;42(8):726–732.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Das MK, Zipes DP. Fragmented QRS: a predictor of mortality and sudden cardiac death. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6(3):S8–S14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain R, Singh R, Yamini S, et al. Fragmented ECG as a risk marker in cardiovascular diseases. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2014;10(3):277–286.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Task Force on Hypertension in P. Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122:1122–1131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18(12):1440–1463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganau A, Devereux RB, Roman MJ, et al. Patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy and geometric remodeling in essential hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;19(7):1550–1558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016;29(4):277–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çağlar FNT, Ozde C, Bostancı E, et al. Assessment of right heart function in preeclampsia by echocardiography. Pregnancy Hypertension. 2016;6(2):89–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atar I, Konaş D, Açıkel S, et al. Frequency of atrial fibrillation and factors related to its development in dialysis patients. Int J Cardiol. 2006;106(1):47–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paudel A, Tigen K, Yoldemir T, et al. The evaluation of ventricular functions by speckle tracking echocardiography in preeclamptic patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;36(9):1689–1694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis AT, Castro J, Carr C, et al. Haemodynamics in women with untreated pre-eclampsia. Anaesthesia. 2012;67(10):1105–1118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daubert JC, Pavin D, Jauvert G, et al. Intra- and interatrial conduction delay: implications for cardiac pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2004;27(4):507–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ermis N, Acikgoz N, Cuglan B, et al. Comparison of atrial electromechanical coupling interval and P-wave dispersion in non-dipper versus dipper hypertensive subjects. Blood Press. 2011;20(1):60–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnani JW, Williamson MA, Ellinor PT, et al. P wave indices: current status and future directions in epidemiology, clinical, and research applications. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2(1):72–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aizawa Y, Watanabe H, Okumura K. Electrocardiogram (ECG) for the prediction of incident atrial fibrillation: an overview. J Atr Fibrillation. 2017;10(4):1724.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scantlebury D, Kattah A, Weissgerber T, et al. The impact of a history of hypertension in pregnancy on later diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7:e007584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhorat IE, Naidoo DP, Rout CC, et al. Malignant ventricular arrhythmias in eclampsia: a comparison of labetalol with dihydralazine. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168(4):1292–1296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidoo DP, Bhorat IE, Moodley J, et al. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in hypertensive crises of pregnancy. Am J ObstetGynecol. 1991;164(2):530–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinkley KE, Page RL, Lien H, et al. QT interval prolongation and the risk of torsades de pointes: essentials for clinicians. Curr Med Res Opin. 2013;29(12):1719–1726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta P, Patel C, Patel H, et al. T(p-e)/QT ratio as an index of arrhythmogenesis. J Electrocardiol. 2008;41(6):567–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letsas KP, Weber R, Astheimer K, et al. Tpeak-Tend interval and Tpeak-Tend/QT ratio as markers of ventricular tachycardia inducibility in subjects with Brugada ECG phenotype. Europace. 2010;12(2):271–274.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karaman K, Altunkaş F, Çetin M, et al. Tp-e interval, Tpe/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2015;20(4):338–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raffaelli R, Prioli MA, Parissone F, et al. Pre-eclampsia: evidence of altered ventricular repolarization by standard ECG parameters and QT dispersion. Hypertens Res. 2014;37(11):984–988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díez J. Mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis in hypertension. J Clin Hypertens. 2007;9(7):546–550.
   Google Scholar
• Çetin M, Kocaman SA, Erdoğan T, et al. Fragmented QRS may predict postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2012;12:576–583.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Temiz A, Gazi E, Güngör O, et al. Fragmented QRS and prediction of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation episodes. Pak J Med Sci. 2014;30(4):862–867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries (CMACE). Saving mothers’ lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006–2008. the eighth report of the confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom. BJOG. 2011;118:1–203.
   Google Scholar
• Scantlebury DC, Hayes SN, Garovic VD. Pre-eclampsia and maternal placental syndromes: an indicator or cause of long-term cardiovascular disease? Heart. 2012;98(15):1109–1111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mongraw‐Chaffin ML, Cirillo PM, Cohn BA. Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease death: prospective evidence from the child health and development studies cohort. Hypertension. 2010;56(1):166–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar