Borders and belonging: displaced Syrian youth navigating symbolic boundaries in Lebanon

References

• Al-Ali, Nadje, Richard Black, and Khalid Koser. 2001. “Refugees and Transnationalism: The Experience of Bosnians and Eritreans in Europe.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 27 (4): 615–634. doi:10.1080/13691830120090412.
   Google Scholar
• Alba, Richard. 2005. “Bright vs. Blurred Boundaries: Second-Generation Assimilation and Exclusion in France, Germany, and the United States.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 28 (1): 20–49. doi:10.1080/0141987042000280003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonsich, Marco. 2010. “Searching for Belonging – An Analytical Framework.” Geography Compass 4 (6): 644–659. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2009.00317.x.
   Google Scholar
• Bajaj, Monisha, and Lesley Bartlett. 2017. “Critical Transnational Curriculum for Immigrant and Refugee Students.” Curriculum Inquiry 47 (1): 25–35. doi: 10.1080/03626784.2016.1254499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks, James A. 2017. “Failed Citizenship and Transformative Civic Education.” Educational Researcher 46 (7): 366–377. doi: 10.3102/0013189X17726741
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellino, Michelle J. 2017. Youth in Postwar Guatemala: Education and Civic Identity in Transition, Rutgers Series in Childhood Studies. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bloemraad, Irene. 2018. “Theorising the Power of Citizenship as Claims-Making.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44 (1): 4–26. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1396108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatty, Dawn. 2017. “How Syria's Neighbors Have Treated its Refugees.” Current History 116 (794): 337–341. doi: 10.1525/curh.2017.116.794.337
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopra, Vidur. 2018. “Learning to Belong, Belonging to Learn: Syrian refugee youths’ pursuits of education, membership and stability in Lebanon.” EdD dissertation, Harvard University.
   Google Scholar
• Clark-Kazak, C. R. 2011. Recounting Migration: Political Narratives of Congolese Young People in Uganda. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Crisp, Jeff, Tim Morris, and Hilde Refstie. 2012. “Displacement in Urban Areas: new Challenges, new Partnerships.” Disasters 36: S23–S42. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2012.01284.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixson, Adrienne D., Thandeka K. Chapman, and Djanna A. Hill. 2005. “Research as an Aesthetic Process: Extending the Portraiture Methodology.” Qualitative Inquiry 11 (1): 16–26. doi: 10.1177/1077800404270836
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dryden-Peterson, Sarah. 2016. “Refugee Education: The Crossroads of Globalization.” Educational Researcher 45 (9): 473–482. doi: 10.3102/0013189X16683398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dryden-Peterson, Sarah, Elizabeth Adelman, Michelle Bellino, and Vidur Chopra. 2019. “The Purposes of Refugee Education: Policy and Practice of Including Refugees in National Education Systems.” Sociology of Education 92 (4): 346–366. doi: 10.1177/0038040719863054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dryden-Peterson, Sarah, Negin Dahya, and Elizabeth Adelman. 2017. “Pathways to Educational Success among Refugees: Connecting Locally and Globally Situated Resources.” American Educational Research Journal 54 (6): 1011–1047. doi: 10.3102/0002831217714321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dvir, Yuval, Paul Morris, and Miri Yemini. 2019. “What Kind of Citizenship for Whom? The ‘Refugee Crisis’ and the European Union’s Conceptions of Citizenship.” Globalisation, Societies and Education 17 (2): 208–219. doi:10.1080/14767724.2018.1525284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Haj, Abu, and Thea Renda. 2015. Unsettled Belonging: Educating Palestinian American Youth After 9/11. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Geha, Carmen, and Joumana Talhouk. 2018. “From Recipients of Aid to Shapers of Policies: Conceptualizing Government–United Nations Relations During the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Lebanon.” Journal of Refugee Studies 32 (4): 645–663. doi:10.1093/jrs/fey052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales, R. G., and N. Sigona. 2017. “Mapping the Soft Borders of Citizenship: An Introduction.” In Within and Beyond Citizenship: Borders, Membership, and Belonging, edited by R. G. Gonzales, and N. Sigona, 1–17. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Lebanon and United Nations. 2015. “Lebanon Crisis Response Plan: July 2015.” UNHCR, Accessed 23 September. http://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/lebanon-crisis-response-plan-monthly-dashboard-inter-agency-coordination-lebanon-july.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Lebanon and United Nations. 2017. Lebanon Crisis Response Plan 2017-2020. Beirut. https://www.unhcr.org/lb/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2018/04/LCRP-EN-2018.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Haddad, E. 2008. The Refugee in International Society: Between Sovereigns. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hovil, Lucy. 2016. Refugees, Conflict and the Search for Belonging. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Watch. 2016a. "Growing up Without an Education": Barriers to Education for Syrian Refugee Children in Lebanon. Beirut, Lebanon: Human Rights Watch.
   Google Scholar
• Human Rights Watch. 2016b. I Just Wanted to be Treated Like a Person. Beirut, Lebanon: Human Rights Watch.
   Google Scholar
• International Monetary Fund. 2017. IMF: Lebanon Selected Issues. International Monetary Fund (IMF). Accessed August 31. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2017/01/24/Lebanon-Selected-Issues-44573.
   Google Scholar
• Isin, Engin F. 2009. “Citizenship in Flux: The Figure of the Activist Citizen.” Subjectivity 29 (1): 367–388. doi:10.1057/sub.2009.25.
   Google Scholar
• Janmyr, Maja. 2016. “Precarity in Exile: The Legal Status of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon.” Refugee Survey Quarterly 35 (4): 58–78. doi: 10.1093/rsq/hdw016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyama, Jill. 2019. “Maps, Flyers, and Notebooks: The Materiality of Experts and Novices in Refugee Education.” In Contested Spaces of Teaching and Learning: Practitioner Ethnographies of Adult Education in the United States, edited by Janise Hurtig, and Carolyn Chernoff, 9–26. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Kuch, Amelia. 2017. “Naturalization of Burundian Refugees in Tanzania: The Debates on Local Integration and the Meaning of Citizenship Revisited.” Journal of Refugee Studies 30 (3): 468–487. doi:10.1093/jrs/few024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labaree, David F. 2012. “School Syndrome: Understanding the USA’s Magical Belief That Schooling can Somehow Improve Society, Promote Access, and Preserve Advantage.” Journal of Curriculum Studies 44 (2): 143–163. doi: 10.1080/00220272.2012.675358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamont, M. 1992. Money, Morals, and Manners. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lamont, M., and V. Molnár. 2002. “The Study of Boundaries in the Social Sciences.” Annual Review of Sociology 28 (1): 167–195. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landau, Loren B., and Roni Amit. 2014. “Wither Policy? Southern African Perspectives on Understanding Law, ‘Refugee’ Policy and Protection.” Journal of Refugee Studies 27 (4): 534–552. doi:10.1093/jrs/feu005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence-Lightfoot, Sara, and Jessica Hoffmann Davis. 1997. The Art and Science of Portraiture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Migration Policy Centre. 2014. One Million Syrians in Lebanon: A Milestone Quickly Passed. European University Institute. Accessed 03. http://cadmus.eui.eu//handle/1814/31696.
   Google Scholar
• Mulimbi, Bethany, and Sarah Dryden-Peterson. 2017. “Responses to Cultural Diversity in Botswana’s Schools: Links Between National Policy, School Actions and Students’ Civic Equality.” Journal of Curriculum Studies 50 (3): 1–23. doi:10.1080/00220272.2017.1398353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oikonomidoy, Eleni. 2009. “The Multilayered Character of Newcomers’ Academic Identities: Somali Female High-School Students in a US School.” Globalisation, Societies and Education 7 (1): 23–39. doi:10.1080/14767720802677358.
   Google Scholar
• Seeberg, P. 2013. “Migration Into and From Syria and Nontraditional Security Issues in the MENA Region: Transnational Integration, Security, and National Interests.” In Migration, Security, and Citizenship in the Middle East, edited by P. Seeberg and Z. Eyadat, 167–193. New York, USA: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Seidman, I. 2013. Interviewing as Qualitative Research. New York, USA: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Simonsen, Kristina Bakkær. 2017. “What It Means to (Not) Belong: A Case Study of How Boundary Perceptions Affect Second-Generation Immigrants’ Attachments to the Nation.” Sociological Forum 33 (1): 118–138. doi:10.1111/socf.12402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirin, S., and M. Fine. 2007. “Hyphenated Selves: Muslim American Youth Negotiating Identities on the Fault Lines of Global Conflict.” Applied Developmental Science 11 (3): 151–163. doi:10.1080/10888690701454658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skey, Michael. 2013. “Why do Nations Matter? The Struggle for Belonging and Security in an Uncertain World.” The British Journal of Sociology 64 (1): 81–98. doi:10.1111/1468-4446.12007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNICEF, UNHCR, and WFP. 2016. Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon 2016. Beirut, Lebanon: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2018. The Global Compact on Refugees. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• Van Hear, Nicholas. 2014. “Refugees, Diasporas, and Transnationalism.” In The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, edited by Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Gil Loescher, Katy Long, and Nando Sigona, 176–188. Oxford, U.K: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yuval-Davis, Nira. 2006. “Belonging and the Politics of Belonging.” Patterns of Prejudice 40 (3): 197–214. doi:10.1080/00313220600769331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar