Digital divide framework: online learning in developing countries during the COVID-19 lockdown

References

• Adhikari, J., A. Mathrani, and C. Scogings. 2017. “A Longitudinal Journey with BYOD Classrooms: Issues of Access, Capability and Outcome Divides.” Australasian Journal of Information Systems 21, doi:10.3127/ajis.v21i0.1693.
   Google Scholar
• Alozie, N. O., and P. Akpan-Obong. 2017. “The Digital Gender Divide: Confronting Obstacles to Women’s Development in Africa.” Development Policy Review 35 (2): 137–160. doi:10.1111/dpr.12204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannan, B., J. Cook, and N. Pachler. 2016. “Reconceptualizing Design Research in the Age of Mobile Learning.” Interactive Learning Environments 24 (5): 938–953. doi:10.1080/10494820.2015.1018911.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauza, V., G. D. Sclar, A. Bisoyi, A. Owens, A. Ghugey, and T. Clasen. 2021. “Experience of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Odisha, India: Knowledge, Preventative Actions, and Impacts on Daily Life.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (6): 2863. doi:10.3390/ijerph18062863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blundell, R., M. Costa Dias, R. Joyce, and X. Xu. 2020. “COVID-19 and Inequalities*.” Fiscal Studies 41 (2): 291–319. doi:10.1111/1475-5890.12232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgonovi, F., R. Centurelli, H. Dernis, R. Grundke, P. Horvát, S. Jamet, M. Keese, A. Liebender, L. Marcolin, D. Rosenfeld, and M. Squicciarini. 2018. Bridging the Digital Gender Divide: Include, Upskill, Innovate. Australia: OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), Directorate for Education and Skills (EDU) & Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs (ELS). https://www.oecd.org/digital/bridging-the-digital-gender-divide.pdf. Accessed on 10-06-2021.
   Google Scholar
• Cutter, S. L. 2017. “The Forgotten Casualties Redux: Women, Children, and Disaster Risk.” Global Environmental Change 42: 117–121. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.12.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamadani, Jena Derakhshani, Mohammed Imrul Hasan, Andrew J. Baldi, Sheikh Jamal Hossain, Shamima Shiraji, Mohammad Saiful Alam Bhuiyan, Syeda Fardina Mehrin, et al. 2020. “Immediate Impact of Stay-at-Home Orders to Control COVID-19 Transmission on Socioeconomic Conditions, Food Insecurity, Mental Health, and Intimate Partner Violence in Bangladeshi Women and their Families: An Interrupted Time Series.” The Lancet Global Health 8 (11): e1380–e1389. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30366-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargittai, E., and S. Shafer. 2006. “Difference in Actual and Perceived Online Skills: The Role of Gender.” Social Science Quarterly 87 (2): 432–448. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00389.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iivari, N., S. Sharma, and L. Ventä-Olkkonen. 2020. “Digital Transformation of Everyday Life – How COVID-19 Pandemic Transformed the Basic Education of the Young Generation and Why Information Management Research Should Care?” International Journal of Information Management, 102183. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaka, N., A. Madgavkar, A. Kshirsagar, R. Gupta, J. Manyika, K. Bahl, and S. Gupta. 2019. Digital India: Technology to Transform a Connected Nation. McKinsey Global Insitute. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-digital/ourinsights/digital-india-technology-to-transform-a-connected-nation. Accessed on 10-06-2021.
   Google Scholar
• Kasinathan, G., and S. Ranganathan. 2020. “Reclaiming Education During a Pandemic.” Deccan Herald. https://itforchange.net/reclaiming-education-during-a-pandemic.
   Google Scholar
• Kasturirangan, K., V. Kamat, M. Bhargava, R. S. Kureel, T. V. Kattimani, K. M. Tripathy, M. Asif, M. K. Sridhar, R. P. Gupta, and S. T. Shamsu. 2019. National Education Policy (Draft) India. https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/Draft_NEP_2019_EN_Revised.pdf. Accessed on 10-06-2021.
   Google Scholar
• Khan, A. Q., N. Saleem, and S. T. Fatima. 2018. “Financial Development, Income Inequality, and CO2 Emissions in Asian Countries Using STIRPAT Model.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25 (7): 6308–6319. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-0719-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maceviciute, E., and T. D. Wilson. 2018. “Digital Means for Reducing Digital Inequality: Literature Review.” Informing Science: The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 21: 269–287. doi:10.28945/4117.
   Google Scholar
• McLaren, H. J., K. R. Wong, K. N. Nguyen, and K. N. D. Mahamadachchi. 2020. “COVID-19 and Women’s Triple Burden: Vignettes from Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam and Australia.” Social Sciences 9 (5), doi:10.3390/socsci9050087.
   Google Scholar
• Mishra, A. K. 2018. “Household Income Inequality and Income Mobility: Implications Towards Equalizing Longer-Term Incomes in India.” International Economic Journal 32 (2): 271–290. doi:10.1080/10168737.2018.1480640.
   Google Scholar
• Mishra, L., T. Gupta, and A. Shree. 2020. “Online Teaching-Learning in Higher Education During Lockdown Period of COVID-19 Pandemic.” International Journal of Educational Research Open 1: 100012. doi:10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100012.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pachler, N., J. Cook, and B. Bachmair. 2010. “Appropriation of Mobile Cultural Resources for Learning.” International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning 2 (2): 1–21. doi:10.4018/jmbl.2010010101.
   Google Scholar
• Rashid, A. T. 2016. “Digital Inclusion and Social Inequality: Gender Differences in ICT Access and Use in Five Developing Countries.” Gender, Technology and Development Policy Review 20 (3): 306–332. doi:10.1177/0971852416660651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, H. P. 2020. “Parents Protest Against Private School, Demand Fee Waiver.” Hindustan Times, September 14. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/parents-protest-against-private-school-demand-fee-waiver/story-qjnxwEOrrmTG4EizhIbLGL.html.
   Google Scholar
• Spencer, L., J. Ritchie, J. Lewis, and L. Dillon. 2003. Quality in Qualitative Evaluation: A Framework for Assessing Research Evidence. London: The Cabinet Office.
   Google Scholar
• Srivastava, S. C., and G. Shainesh. 2015. “Bridging the Service Divide through Digitally Enabled Service Innovations: Evidence from Indian Healthcare Service Providers.” MIS Quarterly 39 (1): 245–267. doi:10.25300/MISQ/2015/39.1.11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tadesse, S., and W. Muluye. 2020. “The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Education System in Developing Countries: A Review.” Open Journal of Social Sciences 8: 159–170. doi:10.4236/jss.2020.810011.
   Google Scholar
• Twining, P., R. S. Heller, M. Nussbaum, and C.-C. Tsai. 2017. “Some Guidance on Conducting and Reporting Qualitative Studies.” Computers & Education 106: A1–A9. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2016.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Deursen, A. J. A. M., and J. A. G. M. van Dijk. 2019. “The First-Level Digital Divide Shifts from Inequalities in Physical Access to Inequalities in Material Access.” New Media & Society 21 (2): 354–375. doi:10.1177/1461444818797082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, J. A. G. M. 2012. The Evolution of the Digital Divide: The Digital Divide Turns to Inequality of Skills and Usage. Amsterdam: IOS Press.
   Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., and T. A. Sykes. 2013. “Digital Divide Initiative Success in Developing Countries: A Longitudinal Field Study in a Village in India.” Information Systems Research 24 (2): 239–260. doi:10.1287/isre.1110.0409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verger, A., M. Novelli, and H. K. Altinyelken. 2018. Global Education Policy and International Development: New Agendas, Issues and Policies. 2nd ed. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Place.
   Google Scholar
• Wei, K. K., H. H. Teo, H. C. Chan, and B. C. Y. Tan. 2011. “Conceptualizing and Testing a Social Cognitive Model of the Digital Divide.” Information Systems Research 22 (1): 170–187. doi:10.1287/isre.1090.0273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar