528
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Lineus torquatus and allies (Nemertea, Lineidae) with descriptions of a new genus and a new cryptic species

, , &
Pages 55-68 | Received 15 Oct 2016, Accepted 04 Apr 2017, Published online: 15 May 2017

References

  • Akhmatova, A. F., Chernyshev, A. V., & Zaslavskaya, N. I. (2012). The species composition of the nemertean genus Oerstedia (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea) in the Far Eastern seas of Russia. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 38, 423–430. doi:10.1134/S1063074012060028
  • Andrade, S. C. S., Strand, M., Schwartz, M., Chen, H.-X., Kajihara, H., von Döhren, J., … Sundberg, P. (2012). Disentangling ribbon worm relationships: Multi-locus analysis supports traditional classification of the phylum Nemertea. Cladistics, 28, 141–159. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00376.x
  • Andrade, S. C. S., Montenegro, H., Strand, M., Schwartz, M. L., Kajihara, H., Norenburg, J. L., … Giribet, G. (2014). A transcriptomic approach to ribbon worm systematics (Nemertea): Resolving the Pilidiophora problem. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 31, 3206–3215. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu253
  • Cantell, C.-E. (1975). Anatomy, taxonomy, and biology of some Scandinavian heteronemertines of the genera Lineus, Micrura, and Cerebratulus. Sarsia, 58, 89–122. doi: 10.1080/00364827.1975.10411281
  • Castresana, J. (2000). Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 17, 540–552. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026334
  • Chen, H.-X., Strand, M., Norenburg, J. L., Sun, S.-C., Kajihara, H., Chernyshev, A. V., … Sundberg, P. (2010). Statistical parsimony networks and species assemblages in cephalotrichid nemerteans (Nemertea). Public Library of Science One, 5, e12885. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012885
  • Chernyshev, A. V. (1995). On the higher taxa of the phylum Nemertea with the taxonomic review of the subclass Anopla. ZoologicheskiĬ Zhurnal, 74, 7–18.
  • Chernyshev, A. V. (1999). Nemerteans of the genus Antarctonemertes (Enopla, Monostilifera). ZoologicheskiĬ Zhurnal, 78, 939–948.
  • Chernyshev, A. V. (2010). Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of the phalloidin-labelled musculature in nemerteans. Journal of Natural History, 44, 2287–2302. doi: 10.1080/00222933.2010.504890
  • Chernyshev, A. V. (2014). Nemertean biodiversity in the Sea of Japan and adjacent areas. In S. Sun, A. V. Adrianov, K. A. Lutaenko, & X.-X. Sun (Eds.). Marine biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics of the north-western Pacific Ocean (pp. 119–135). Beijing: Publishing House of Science.
  • Chernyshev, A. V. (2015).CLSM analysis of the phalloidin-stained muscle system of the nemertean proboscis and rhynchocoel. Zoological Science, 32, 547–560. doi: 10.2108/zs140267
  • Chernyshev, A. V. (2016). Nemerteans of the coastal waters of Vietnam. In A. V. Adrianov & K. A. Lutaenko (Eds.), Biodiversity of the western part of the South China Sea (pp. 279–314). Vladivostok: Dalnauka.
  • Chernyshev, A. V., & Maslakova, S. A. (2011). Phylum Nemertea. In G. N. Buzhinskaja (Ed.), Illustrated keys to free-living invertebrates of Eurasian Arctic Seas and adjacent deep waters, vol. 2. Nemertea, Cephalorhyncha, Oligochaeta, Hirudinida, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula, Phoronida, and Brachiopoda (pp. 3–34). Fairbanks: Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
  • Coe, W. R. (1901). Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XX. The nemerteans. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 3, 1–110.
  • Coe, W. R. (1944). Geographical distribution of the nemerteans of the Pacific coast of North America, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 34, 27–32.
  • Colgan, D. J., McLauchlan, A., Wilson, G. D. F., Livingston, S. P., Edgecombe, G. D., Macaranas, J., ... Gray, M. R. (1998). Histone H3 and U2 snRNA DNA sequences and arthropod molecular evolution. Australian Journal of Zoology, 46, 419–437. doi: 10.1071/ZO98048
  • Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., & Vrijenhoek, R. C. (1994). DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, 294–299.
  • Friedrich, H. (1960). Bemerkungen über die Gattung Micrura Ehrenberg 1831 und zur Klassifikation der Heteronemertinen nebst vorläufigem Bestimmungsschlüssel [Remarks on the genus Micrura Ehrenberg 1831 and on the classification of the Heteronemertinen together with provisional key]. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 7, 48–62.
  • Gibson, R. (1995). Nemertean genera and species of the world: An annotated checklist of original names and description citations, synonyms, current taxonomic status, habitats and recorded zoogeographic distribution. Journal of Natural History, 29, 271–561.
  • Giribet, G., Carranza, S., Baguna, J., Riutort, M., & Ribera, C. (1996). First molecular evidence for the existence of a Tardigrada + Arthropoda clade. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13, 76–84.
  • Hao, Y., Kajihara, H., Chernyshev, A. V., Okazaki, R. K., & Sun, S.-C. (2015). DNA taxonomy of Paranemertes (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea) with spirally fluted stylets. Zoological Science, 32, 571–578. doi: 10.2108/zs140275
  • Herrera-Bachiller, A., Kvist, S., Giribet, G., & Junoy, J. (2015). Redescription of Micrura dellechiajei (Hubrecht, 1879) (Nemertea, Pilidiophora, Lineidae), a rare Mediterranean species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95, 1091–1100. doi: 10.1017/S0025315415000090
  • Hiebert, T. C., & Maslakova, S. (2015). Integrative taxonomy of the Micrura alaskensis Coe, 1901 species complex (Nemertea: Heteronemertea), with descriptions of a new genus Maculaura gen. nov. and four new species from the NE Pacific. Zoological Science, 32, 615–637. doi: 10.2108/zs150011
  • International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999). International code of zoological nomenclature. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
  • Iwata, F., (1957). On the early development of the nemertine, Lineus torquatus Coe. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 6, Zoology, 13, 54–58.
  • Kajihara, H., Chernyshev, A. V., Sun, S.-C., Sundberg, P., & Crandall, F. B. (2008). Checklist of nemertean genera and species published between 1995 and 2007. Species Diversity, 13, 245–274.
  • Kajihara, H., Olympia, M., Kobayashi, N., Katoh, T., Chen, H.-X., Strand, M., & Sundberg, P. (2011). Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 695–722. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00650.x
  • Kajihara, H., Hosokawa, I., Hosokawa, K., & Yoshida, R. (2016). Records of Notospermus tricuspidatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (Nemertea: Pilidiophora) in Japanese waters, with a review of warm-water green-bodied heteronemerteans from the Indo–West-Pacific. Fauna Ryukyuana, 28, 59–65.
  • Katoh, K., & Standley, D. M. (2013). MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 772–780.
  • Krämer, D., Schmidt, C., Podsiadlowski, L., Beckers, P., Horn, L., & von Döhren, J. (2017). Unravelling the Lineus ruber/viridis species complex (Nemertea, Heteronemertea). Zoologica Scripta, 46, 111–126. doi: 10.1111/zsc.12185
  • Kvist, S., Laumer, C. E., Junoy, J., & Giribet, G. (2014). New insights into the phylogeny, systematics and DNA barcoding of Nemertea. Invertebrate Systematics, 28, 287–308. doi: 10.1071/IS13061
  • Kulikova, V. I. (1987). Nemerteans of the Sea of Japan. Moscow: Dissertation of Candidate of the Biological Science.
  • Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S. Y. W., & Guindon, S. (2012). PartitionFinder: Combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 29, 1695–1701.
  • Le, H. L. V., Lecointre, G., & Perasso, R. (1993). A 28S rRNA based phylogeny of the gnathostomes: First steps in the analysis of conflict and congruence with morphological based cladograms. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 14, 1–10.
  • Leasi, F., & Norenburg, J. L. (2014). The necessity of DNA taxonomy to reveal cryptic diversity and spatial distribution of meiofauna, with a focus on Nemertea. Public Library of Science One, 9, e10438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104385
  • Lewis, P. O. (2001). A likelihood approach to estimating phylogeny from discrete morphological character data. Systematic Biology, 50, 913–925.
  • Littlewood, D. T. J. (1994). Molecular phylogenetics of cupped oysters based on partial 28S rRNA gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 3, 221–229.
  • McDermott, J. J., & Roe, P. (1985). Food, feeding behavior and feeding ecology of nemerteans. American Zoologist, 25, 113–125.
  • Manchenko, G. P., & Kulikova, V. I. (1996). Allozyme and colour differences between two sibling species of the heteronemertean Lineus torquatus from the Sea of Japan. Marine Biology, 125, 687–691.
  • Maslakova, S. A., & Norenburg, J. L. (2008). Revision of the smiling worms, genera Prosadenoporus Bürger, 1890 and Pantinonemertes Moore and Gibson, 1981 and description of a new species Prosadenoporus floridensis sp. nov. (Prosorhochmidae; Hoplonemertea; Nemertea) from Florida and Belize. Journal of Natural History, 42, 1689–1727.
  • Müller, K. (2005). SeqState: Primer design and sequence statistics for phylogenetic DNA datasets. Applied Bioinformatics, 4, 65–69.
  • Norén, M., & Jondelius, U. (1999). Phylogeny of the Prolecithophora Platyhelminthes) Inferred from 18S rDNA Sequences. Cladistics, 15,103–112. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1999.tb00252.x
  • Palumbi, S., Martin, A., Romano, S., McMillan, W. O., Stice, L., & Grabowski, G. (1991). The simple fools guide to PCR, ver. 2.0. Honolulu: Department of Zoology and Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii.
  • Ponomarenko, L. P., Makarieva, T. N., Stonik, V. A., Dmitrenok, A. S., & Dmitrenok, P. S. (1995). Sterol composition of Lineus torquatus (Nemertini) Anopla. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 111, 575–577.
  • Puerta, P., Andrade, S. C. S., & Junoy, J. (2010). Redescription of Lineus acutifrons Southern, 1913 (Nemertea: Pilidiophora) and comments on its phylogenetic position. Journal of Natural History, 44, 2363–2378.
  • Riser, N. W. (1991). New Zealand nemertines from kelp holdfasta: Heteronemertinea II. Notospermus geniculatus (Delle Chiaje, 1828) n. comb. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 18, 427–438.
  • Riser, N. W. (1993). Observations on the morphology of some North American nemertines with consequent taxonomic changes and a reassessment of the architectonics of the phylum. Hydrobiologia, 266, 141–157.
  • Riser, N. W. (1994). The morphology and generic relationships of some fissiparous heteronemertines. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107, 548–556.
  • Rogers, A. D., Junoy, J., Gibson, R., & Thorpe, J. P. (1993). Enzyme electrophoresis, genetic identity and description of a new genus and species of heteronemertean (Nemertea, Anopla) from northwestern Spain and North Wales. Hydrobiologia, 266, 219–238.
  • Rogers, A. D., Thorpe, J. P., & Gibson, R. (1995). Genetic evidence for the occurrence of a cryptic species with the littoral nemerteans Lineus ruber and L. viridis (Nemertea: Anopla). Marine Biology, 122, 305–316.
  • Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., … Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2012). MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539–542.
  • Schwartz, M. L. (2009). Untying a Gordian knot of worms: Systematics and taxonomy of the Pilidiophora (phylum Nemertea). Ph.D. thesis. Washington DC, USA: George Washington University.
  • Senz, W. (1997). Morphologie und klassifikatorische Position einiger anopler Nemertinen (Nemertini: Anopla) [Morphology and systematic position of some anoplan nemerteans (Nemertini: Anopla]. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 99B, 423–496.
  • Simmons, M. P., & Ochoterena, H. (2000). Gaps as characters in sequence-based phylogenetic analyses. Systematic Biology, 49, 369–381.
  • Sjolin, E., Erseus, C., & Kallersjo, M. (2005). Phylogeny of Tubificidae (Annelida, Clitellata) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 35, 431–441.
  • Stamatakis, A. (2014). RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics, 30, 1312–1313.
  • Strand, M., & Sundberg, P. (2005). Delimiting species in the hoplonemertean genus Tetrastemma (phylum Nemertea): Morphology is not concordant with phylogeny as evidenced from mtDNA sequences. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 86, 201–212.
  • Sundberg, P. (2015). Thirty-five years of nemertean (Nemertea) research—past, present, and future. Zoological Science, 32, 501–506.
  • Sundberg, P., & Saur, M. (1998). Molecular phylogeny of some European heteronemertean (Nemertea) species and the monophyletic status of Riseriellus, Lineus, and Micrura. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 10, 271–280.
  • Sundberg, P., Kvist, S., & Strand, M. (2016). Evaluating the utility of single-locus DNA barcoding for the identification of ribbon worms (phylum Nemertea). Public Library of Science One, 11, e0155541. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155541
  • Sundberg, P., Thuroczy Vodoti, E., Zhou, H., & Strand, M. (2009). Polymorphism hides cryptic species in Oerstedia dorsalis (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 98, 556–567.
  • Swofford, D. L. (2003). PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other Methods). Version 4 (pp. 1–144). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.
  • Takakura, U. (1898). A classification of the nemerteans in the vicinity of Misaki. Zoological Magazine, 10, 331–337 [In Japanese]
  • Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., & Kumar, S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology Evolution, 30, 2725–2729.
  • Thollesson, M., & Norenburg, J. L. (2003). Ribbon worm relationships: A phylogeny of the phylum Nemertea. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences, 270, 407–414.
  • Vaidya, G., Lohman, D. J., & Meier, R. (2011). SequenceMatrix: Concatenation software for the fast assembly of multi-gene datasets with character set and codon information. Cladistics, 27, 171–180.
  • Whiting, M. F., Carpenter, J. M., Wheeler, Q. D., & Wheeler, W. C. (1997). The Strepsiptera problem: Phylogeny of the holometabolous insect orders inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences and morphology. Systematic Biology, 46, 1–68.
  • Yamaoka, T. (1940). The fauna of Akkeshi Bay. IX. Nemertini. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido University, Series 6, Zoology, 7, 205–263.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.