239
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Unity in diversity: morphological and genetic variability, integrative systematics, and phylogeography of the widespread nudibranch mollusc Onchidoris muricata

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & show all

References

  • Addison, J. A., & Kim, J. H. (2018). Cryptic species diversity and reproductive isolation among sympatric lineages of Strongylocentrotus sea urchins in the northwest Atlantic. FACETS, 3, 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0081
  • Alder, J., & Hancock, A. (1842). Descriptions of several new species of nudibranchous mollusca found on the coast of Northumberland. Annals Magazine of Natural History, 9, 31–36.
  • Alder, J., & Hancock, A. (1845). Notice of a new genus and several new species of Nudibranchiate Mollusca. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 16, 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/037454809496526
  • Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., & Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215, 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2
  • Avise, J. C. (2000). Phylogeography: The history and formation of species (p. 447). Harvard University Press.
  • Behrens, D. W., Fletcher, K., Hermosillo, A., & Jensen, G. C. (2022). Nudibranchs and sea slugs of the Eastern Pacific.Bremerton (p. 162). MolaMarine.
  • Borges, L. M., Treneman, N. C., Haga, T., Shipway, J. R., Raupach, M. J., Altermark, B., & Carlton, J. T. (2022). Out of taxonomic crypsis: A new trans-arctic cryptic species pair corroborated by phylogenetics and molecular evidence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 166, 107312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107312
  • Bouckaert, R., Vaughan, T. G., Barido-Sottani, J., Duchêne, S., Fourment, M., Gavryushkina, A., Heled, J., Jones, G., Kühnert, D., De Maio, N., Matschiner, M., Mendes, F. K., Müller, N. F., Ogilvie, H. A., Du Plessis, L., Popinga, A., Rambaut, A., Rasmussen, D., Siveroni, I., … Drummond, A. J. (2019). BEAST 2.5: An advanced software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis. PLoS Computational Biology, 15, e1006650. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006650
  • Briggs, J. C. (1970). A faunal history of the North Atlantic Ocean. Systematic Biology, 19, 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/19.1.19
  • Briggs, J. C. (1995). Global biogeography (p. 452).
  • Carr, C. M., Hardy, S. M., Brown, T. M., Macdonald, T. A., & Hebert, P. D. (2011). A tri-oceanic perspective: DNA barcoding reveals geographic structure and cryptic diversity in Canadian polychaetes. Public Library of Science One, 6, e22232. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022232
  • Cella, K., Carmona, L., Ekimova, I., Chichvarkhin, A., Schepetov, D., & Gosliner, T. M. (2016). A radical solution: The phylogeny of the nudibranch family Fionidae. Public Library of Science One, 11, e0167800. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167800
  • Chaban, E. M., Ekimova, I. A., Schepetov, D. M., & Chernyshev, A. V. (2019). Meloscaphander grandis (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea), a deep-water species from the North Pacific: Redescription and taxonomic remarks. Zootaxa, 4646, zootaxa.4646.2.12. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.12
  • Cherneva, I. A., Chernyshev, A. V., Ekimova, I. A., Polyakova, N. E., Schepetov, D. M., Turanov, S. V., Neretina, T. V., Chaban, E. M., & Malakhov, V. V. (2019). Species identity and genetic structure of nemerteans of the “Lineus ruber–viridis” complex (Muller, 1774) from Arctic waters. Polar Biology, 42, 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2438-7
  • Chichvarkhin, A., Chichvarkhina, O., Ekimova, I., & Chalenko, K. (2018). First record of nudibranch mollusk Onchidoris muricata (OF Müller, 1776) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) in the Sea of Japan and its ephemeral population associated with unusual prey. Marine Biodiversity, 48, 1571–1578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0577-z
  • Clement, M., Snell, Q., Walker, P., Posada, D., Crandall, K. (2002). TCS: Estimating gene genealogies. In Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, International Proceedings (Vol. 2, pp. 184).
  • Darriba, D., Posada, D., Kozlov, A. M., Stamatakis, A., Morel, B., & Flouri, T. (2020). ModelTest-NG: A new and scalable tool for the selection of DNA and protein evolutionary models. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 37, 291–294. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz189
  • Deubel, H. (2000). On the macro-invertebrate sublittoral bottom fauna in the White Sea with comments on its zoogeography. Berichte Zur Polarforschung, 359, 43–53.
  • Dupanloup, I., Schneider, S., & Excoffier, L. (2002). A simulated annealing approach to define the genetic structure of populations. Molecular Ecology, 11, 2571–2581. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01650.x
  • Durham, J. W., & MacNeil, F. (1967). Cenozoic migrations of marine invertebrates through the Bering Strait region. In D. M. Hopkins (Ed.), The Bering land bridge (pp. 326–349). Stanford University Press.
  • Dzhinoridze, R. N. (1972). Diatoms from the upper layer of sediments of the White Sea. Doklady Biological Sciences, 204, 207–209. [in Russian].
  • Edgar, R. C. (2004). MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32, 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
  • Ekimova, I. A. (2022). A new species of the genus Coryphella (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from the Kuril Islands. Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal, 32, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.35885/ruthenica.2022.32(1).4
  • Ekimova, I., Deart, Y., Antokhina, T., Mikhlina, A., & Schepetov, D. (2022b). Stripes Matter: Integrative systematics of Coryphellina rubrolineata species complex (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from Vietnam. Diversity, 14, 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14040294
  • Ekimova, I. A., Mikhlina, A. L., Vorobyeva, O. A., Antokhina, T. I., Tambovtseva, V. G., & Schepetov, D. M. (2021b). Young but distinct: Description of Eubranchus malakhovi sp. n. a new, recently diverged nudibranch species (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from the Sea of Japan. Invertebrate Zoology, 18, 197–222. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.18.3.02
  • Ekimova, I. A., Schepetov, D. M., Chichvarkhina, O. V., & Chichvarkhin, A. Y. (2016). Nudibranch molluscs of the genus Dendronotus Alder et Hancock, 1845 (Heterobranchia: Dendronotina) from Northwestern Sea of Japan with description of a new species. Invertebrate Zoology, 13, 15–42. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.13.1.02
  • Ekimova, I., Valdés, Á., Chichvarkhin, A., Antokhina, T., Lindsay, T., & Schepetov, D. (2019). Diet–driven ecological radiation and allopatric speciation result in high species diversity in a temperate-cold water marine genus Dendronotus (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 141, 106609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106609
  • Ekimova, I., Valdés, Á., Malaquias, M. A. E., Rauch, C., Chichvarkhin, A., Mikhlina, A., Antokhina, T., Chichvarkhina, O., & Schepetov, D. (2022a). High-level taxonomic splitting in allopatric taxa causes confusion downstream: A revision of the nudibranch family Сoryphellidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 196, 215–249. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab109
  • Ekimova, I., Valdés, Á., Stanovova, M., Mikhlina, A., Antokhina, T., Neretina, T., Chichvarkhina, O., & Schepetov, D. (2021a). Connected across the ocean: Taxonomy and biogeography of deep-water Nudibranchia from the Northwest Pacific reveal trans-Pacific links and two undescribed species. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 21, 753–782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-021-00526-8
  • Encarnação, J., Seyer, T., Teodósio, M. A., & Leitão, F. (2020). First record of the Nudibranch Tenellia adspersa (Nordmann, 1845) in Portugal, associated with the invasive Hydrozoan Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771). Diversity, 12, 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12060214
  • Excoffier, L., & Lischer, H. E. L. (2010). Arlequin suite ver 3.5: A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Molecular Ecology Resources, 10, 564–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x
  • Fu, Y. X. (1997). Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection. Genetics, 147, 915–925. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.2.915
  • Furfaro, G., Salvi, D., Trainito, E., Vitale, F., & Mariottini, P. (2021). When morphology does not match phylogeny: The puzzling case of two sibling nudibranchs (Gastropoda). Zoologica Scripta, 50, 439–454. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12484
  • Furfaro, G., Trainito, E., Fantin, M., D’Elia, M., Madrenas, E., & Mariottini, P. (2022). Mediterranean matters: Revision of the family Onchidorididae (Mollusca, Nudibranchia) with the description of a new genus and a new species. Diversity, 15, 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15010038
  • Hallas, J. M., & Gosliner, T. M. (2015). Family matters: The first molecular phylogeny of the Onchidorididae Gray, 1827 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 88, 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.015
  • Hallas, J. M., Simison, W. B., & Gosliner, T. M. (2016). Dating and biogeographical patterns in the sea slug genus Acanthodoris Gray, 1850 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 97, 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.12.018
  • Hardy, S. M., Carr, C. M., Hardman, M., Steinke, D., Corstorphine, E., & Mah, C. (2011). Biodiversity and phylogeography of Arctic marine fauna: Insights from molecular tools. Marine Biodiversity, 41, 195–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-010-0056-x
  • Harley, C. D. G., Pankey, M. S., Wares, J. P., Grosberg, R. K., & Wonham, M. J. (2006). Color polymorphism and genetic structure in the sea star Pisaster ochraceus. The Biological Bulletin, 211, 248–262. https://doi.org/10.2307/4134547
  • Ivanova, N. V., deWaard, J., & Hebert, P. D. N. (2006). An inexpensive, automation-friendly proto-col for recovering high-quality DNA. Molecular Ecology Notes, 6, 998–1002. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01428.x
  • Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P., & Drummond, A. (2012). Geneious Basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 28, 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199
  • Kienberger, K., Carmona, L., Pola, M., Padula, V., Gosliner, T. M., & Cervera, J. L. (2016). Aeolidia papillosa (Linnaeus, 1761) (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia), single species or a cryptic species complex? A morphological and molecular study. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 177, 481–506. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12379
  • Kimura, M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16, 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581
  • Kolbasova, G., Schmidt-Rhaesa, A., Syomin, V., Bredikhin, D., Morozov, T., & Neretina, T. (2023). Cryptic species complex or an incomplete speciation? Phylogeographic analysis reveals an intricate Pleistocene history of Priapulus caudatus Lamarck, 1816. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 302, 113–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.11.013
  • Korshunova, T., Bakken, T., Grøtan, V. V., Johnson, K. B., Lundin, K., & Martynov, A. (2020b). A synoptic review of the family Dendronotidae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia): A multilevel organismal diversity approach. Contributions to Zoology, 90, 93–153. https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-BJA10014
  • Korshunova, T., Lundin, K., Malmberg, K., & Martynov, A. (2023). Narrowly defined taxa on a global scale: The phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera Catriona and Tenellia (Nudibranchia, Trinchesiidae) favours fine-scale taxonomic differentiation and dissolution of the “lumpers & splitters” dilemma. Evolutionary Applications, 16, 428–460. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13468
  • Korshunova, Tatiana, Martynov, Alexander, Bakken, Torkild, Evertsen, Jussi, Fletcher, Karin, Mudianta, I Wayan, Saito, Hiroshi, Lundin, Kennet, Picton, Bernard, Michael, Schrödl, (2017). Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: Aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys, 717, 1–139. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885
  • Korshunova, T. A., Sanamyan, N. P., Sanamyan, K. E., Bakken, T., Lundin, K., Fletcher, K., & Martynov, A. V. (2020a). Biodiversity hotspot in cold waters: A review of the genus Cuthonella with descriptions of seven new species (Mollusca, Nudibranchia). Contributions to Zoology, 90, 216–283. https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-BJA10017
  • Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2016). MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33, 1870–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
  • Laakkonen, H. M., Hardman, M., Strelkov, P., & Väinölä, R. (2021). Cycles of trans‐Arctic dispersal and vicariance, and diversification of the amphi-boreal marine fauna. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 34, 73–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13674
  • Laakkonen, H. M., Strelkov, P., & Väinölä, R. (2015). Molecular lineage diversity and inter oceanic biogeographical history in Hiatella (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Zoologica Scripta, 44, 383–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12105
  • Layton, K. K., Martel, A. L., & Hebert, P. D. (2016). Geographic patterns of genetic diversity in two species complexes of Canadian marine bivalves. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 82, 282–291. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyv056
  • Leigh, J. W., & Bryant, D. (2015). POPART: Full-feature software for haplotype network construction. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6, 1110–1116. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12410
  • Lisiecki, L. E., & Raymo, M. E. (2005). A Pliocene‐Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records. Paleoceanography, 20, n/a–n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071
  • Maggs, C. A., Castilho, R., Foltz, D., Henzler, C., Jolly, M. T., Kelly, J., Olsen, J., Perez, K. E., Stam, W., Väinölä, R., Viard, F., & Wares, J. (2008). Evaluating signatures of glacial refugia for North Atlantic benthic marine taxa. Ecology, 89, S108–S122. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0257.1
  • Martynov, A. V. (2006). Clade Nudipleura. In Yu. I. Kantor, A.V. Sysoev (Eds), Marine and brackish water Gastropoda of Russia and adjacent countries: An illustrated catalogue (pp. 267–294). KMK Scientific Press Ltd.
  • Martynov, A., & Korshunova, T. (2017). World’s northenmost and rarely observed Nudibranchs: Three new Onchidoridid species (Gastropoda: Doridida) from Russian seas. Zootaxa, 4299, 391–404. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4299.3.5
  • Martynov, A., Korshunova, T., Sanamyan, N., & Sanamyan, K. (2009). Description of the first cryptobranch onchidoridid Onchimira cavifera gen. et sp. nov., and of three new species of the genera Adalaria Bergh, 1879 and Onchidoris Blainville, 1816 (Nudibranchia: Onchidorididae) from Kamchatka waters. Zootaxa, 2159, 1–43. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2159.1.1
  • Martynov, A., Sanamyan, N., & Korshunova, T. (2015a). Review of the opisthobranch mollusc fauna of Russian Far Eastern seas: Pleurobranchomorpha, Doridida and Nudibranchia. Bulletin оf Kamchatka State Technical University, 34, 62–87. [in Russian] https://doi.org/10.17217/2079-0333-2015-34-62-87
  • Martynov, A. V., Sanamyan, N. P., & Korshunova, T. A. (2015b). New data on the opisthobranch molluscs (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) of waters of Commander Islands and Far-Eastern seas of Russia. In Conservation of biodiversity of Kamchatka and coastal waters. Proceedings of XV international scientific conference Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (pp. 55–69). Kamchat Press. [in Russian]
  • Martynov, A., & Korshunova, T. (2022). New species of nudibranch molluscs of the family Onchidorididae collected during expedition “Eastern Bastion-Kurile Ridge 2021” from coastal waters of the islands Urup and Chirpoy. Proceedings of the Russian Geographical Society, 154, 85–100. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869607122040036
  • Matzke, N. J. (2012). Founder-event speciation in BioGeoBEARS package dramatically improves likelihoods and alters parameter inference in Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis (DEC) analyses. Frontiers of Biogeography, 4, 210.
  • Matzke, N. J. (2013). Probabilistic historical biogeography: New models for founder-event speciation, imperfect detection, and fossils allow improved accuracy and model-testing. University of California.
  • Mikhlina, A., Ekimova, I., & Vortsepneva, E. (2020). Functional morphology and post-larval development of the buccal complex in Eubranchus rupium (Nudibranchia: Aeolidida: Fionidae). Zoology (Jena, Germany), 143, 125850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2020.125850
  • Mikhlina, A. L., Tzetlin, A. B., Ekimova, I. A., & Vortsepneva, E. V. (2019). Drilling in the dorid species Vayssierea cf. elegans (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia): Functional and comparative morphological aspects. Journal of Morphology, 280, 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20922
  • Mikhlina, A. L., Vortsepneva, E. V., & Tzetlin, A. B. (2015). Functional morphology of the buccal complex of Flabellina verrucosa (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). Invertebrate Zoology, 12, 175–196. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.12.2.04
  • Millen, S. V. (1985). The nudibranch genera Onchidoris and Diaphorodoris (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) in the northeastern Pacific. The Veliger, 28, 80–93.
  • Miller, G. H., Brigham-Grette, J., Alley, R. B., Anderson, L., Bauch, H. A., Douglas, M. S. V., Edwards, M. E., Elias, S. A., Finney, B. P., Fitzpatrick, J. J., Funder, S. V., Herbert, T. D., Hinzman, L. D., Kaufman, D. S., MacDonald, G. M., Polyak, L., Robock, A., Serreze, M. C., Smol, J. P., … Wolff, E. W. (2010). Temperature and precipitation history of the Arctic. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29, 1679–1715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.03.001
  • Nevessky, E. N., Medvedev, V. S., & Kalinenko, V. V. (1977). White Sea. Sedimentogenesis and the history of its development in Holocene (p. 236). Nauka. [in Russian].
  • Nikitenko, E. D., & Vortsepneva, E. V. (2020). Spicule complex of three Onchidorididae species (Gastropoda: Doridina) from the White Sea. Invertebrate Zoology, 17, 44–58. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.17.1.05
  • Novichkova, Y. A., Reikhard, L. Y., Lisitzin, A. P., Rybalko, A. Y., & De Vernal, A. (2017). New data on the Holocene evolution of the Dvina Bay (White Sea). Doklady Earth Sciences, 474, 607–611. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X17050233
  • Novichkova, E. A. (2008). Postglacial history of the White Sea based on materials of aquatic and terrestrial palinomorphs studies [PhD thesis]. Institute of Oceanology RAS. [in Russian].
  • R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Retrieved October 10, 2022), from https://www.R-project.org/
  • Rambaut, A., Drummond, A. J., Xie, D., Baele, G., & Suchard, M. A. (2018). Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology, 67, 901–904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
  • Raymo, M. E., & Mitrovica, J. X. (2012). Collapse of polar ice sheets during the stage 11 interglacial. Nature, 483, 453–456. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10891
  • Robinson, A., Alvarez-Solas, J., Calov, R., Ganopolski, A., & Montoya, M. (2017). MIS-11 duration key to disappearance of the Greenland ice sheet. Nature Communications, 8, 16008. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms16008
  • Roginskaya, I. S. (1987). Order Nudibranchia Blainville, 1814. In A. D. Naumov (Ed), Molluscs of the White Sea. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR (pp. 155–201). Izdavaemye ZIN AN SSSR. [In Russian].
  • Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M. A., & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2012). MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61, 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
  • Shuvalov, V. S. (1972). Geographic variability of several species of the family Oithonidae (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). In Geographical and seasonal variability of marine plankton (pp. 146–160). Nauka. [in Russian]
  • Sklyar, V. V. (2004). Influence of oceanological factors on size and growth of embryos and larvae of euphausiid Thysanoessa raschii (Crustacea, Euphausiacea) [Doctoral dissertation]. PINRO. p. 26. [in Russian]
  • Stamatakis, A. (2014). RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 30, 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
  • Sukhotin, A. A., Strelkov, P. P., Maximovich, N. V., & Hummel, H. (2007). Growth and longevity of Mytilus edulis (L.) from northeast Europe. Marine Biology Research, 3, 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000701364869
  • Sukumaran, J., & Holder, M. T. (2010). DendroPy: A Python library for phylogenetic computing. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 26, 1569–1571. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq228
  • Talavera, G., & Castresana, J. (2007). Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. Systematic Biology, 56, 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701472164
  • Thompson, W. (1845). Additions to the fauna of Ireland, including descriptions of some apparently new species of Invertebrata. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15, 308–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/037454809495331
  • Thompson, T. E., & Brown, G. H. (1984). Biology of opisthobranch molluscs (Vol. 2, p. 229). The Ray Society.
  • Valdés, A., Ornelas-Gatdula, E., & Dupont, A. (2013). Color pattern variation in a shallow-water species of opisthobranch mollusc. The Biological Bulletin, 224, 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv224n1p35
  • Yu, Y., Harris, A. J., Blair, C., & He, X. (2015). RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies): A tool for historical biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 87, 46–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.008
  • Yu, Y., Harris, A. J., & He, X. (2010). S-DIVA (Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis): A tool for inferring biogeographic histories. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 848–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.011

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.