515
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Quantitative patterns of morphological variation in the appendicular skeleton of the Early Cretaceous bird Confuciusornis

, , , , , & show all
Pages 91-101 | Received 23 Apr 2010, Accepted 07 Jul 2010, Published online: 25 Dec 2010

References

  • Baker , A. J. 1980 . Morphometric differentiation in New Zealand populations of the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) . Evolution , 34 : 638 – 653 .
  • Bell , A. , Chiappe , L. M. , Erickson , G. M. , Suzuki , S. , Watabe , M. , Barsbold , R. and Tsogtbaatar , K. 2010 . Description and ecologic analysis of a new Late Cretaceous bird from the Gobi Desert (Mongolia) . Cretaceous Research , 31 : 16 – 26 .
  • Chang , M. , Chen , P. , Wang , Y. Q. and Wang , Y. 2003 . The Jehol Biota , 208 China : Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers .
  • Chapman , R. E. , Galton , P. M. , Sepkoski , J. J. Jr and Wall , W. P. 1981 . A morphometric study of the cranium of the pachycephalosaurid dinosaur Stegoceras . Journal of Paleontology , 55 : 608 – 618 .
  • Chiappe , L. M. 2007 . Glorified Dinosaurs , 263 New York : Wiley & Sons .
  • Chiappe , L. M. , Ji , S. , Ji , Q. and Norell , M. A. 1999 . Anatomy and systematics of the Confuciusornithidae (Aves) from the late Mesozoic of northeastern China . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , 242 : 1 – 89 .
  • Chiappe , L. M. , Marugán-Lobón , J. , Ji , S. and Zhou , Z. 2008 . Life history of a basal bird: morphometrics of the Early Cretaceous Confuciusornis . Biology Letters , 4 : 719 – 723 .
  • Chiappe , L. M. , Marugán-Lobón , J. and Chimsany , A. 2010 . Paleobiology of the Cretaceous bird Confuciusornis: A Reply to Peters & Peters (2009) . Biology Letters , 6 : 529 – 530 .
  • Christiansen , P. 2006 . Allometry in phylogeny and Archaeopteryx . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 26 : 480 – 486 .
  • Clarke , J. , Zhou , Z. and Zhang , F. 2006 . Insight into the evolution of avian flight from a new clade of Early Cretaceous ornithurines from China and the morphology of Yixianornis grabaui . Journal of Anatomy , 208 : 287 – 308 .
  • de Ricqlès , A. J. , Padian , K. , Horner , J. R. , Lamm , E. T. and Myhrvold , N. 2003 . Osteohistology of Confuciusornis sanctus (Theropoda: Aves) . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 23 : 373 – 386 .
  • Dodson , P. 1976 . Quantitative aspects of relative growth and sexual dimorphism in Protoceratops . Journal of Paleontology , 50 : 929 – 940 .
  • Erickson , G. M. , Curry-Rogers , K. and Yerby , S. 2001 . Dinosaurian growth patterns and rapid avian growth rates . Nature , 412 : 429 – 433 .
  • Erickson , G. M. , Rauhut , O. W. , Zhou , Z. , Turner , A. H. , Inouye , B. D. , Hu , D. and Norell , M. A. 2009 . Was dinosaurian physiology inherited by birds? Reconciling slow growth in Archaeopteryx . PLoS ONE , 4 : 1 – 9 .
  • Feduccia , A. 1996 . The Origin and Evolution of Birds , 420 New Haven : Yale University Press .
  • Friston , K. J. , Holmes , A. P. , Worsely , K. J. , Poline , J.-P , Frith , C. D. and Frackowiak , R. S. J. 1995 . Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach . Human Brain Mapping , 2 : 189 – 210 .
  • Gao , C. , Chiappe , L. M. , Meng , Q. , O'Connor , J. , Wang , X. , Cheng , X. and Liu , J. 2008 . A new basal lineage of Early Cretaceous birds from China and its implications on the evolution of the avian tail . Palaeontology , 51 : 775 – 791 .
  • Hendry , A. P. , Huber , S. K. , de Leon , L. F. , Herrel , A. and Podos , J. 2009 . Disruptive selection in a bimodal population of Darwin's finches . Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B , 276 : 753 – 759 .
  • Hou , L.-H. 1997 . Mesozoic Birds of China , 228 Nan Tou : Taiwan Provincial Feng Huang Ku Bird Park .
  • Hou , L.-H , Zhou , Z.-H , Martin , L. D. and Feduccia , A. 1995 . A beaked bird from the Jurassic of China . Nature , 377 : 616 – 618 .
  • Hou , L.-H. , Martin , L. D. , Zhou , Z.-H and Feduccia , A. 1996 . Early adaptive radiation of birds: evidence from fossils from northeastern China . Science , 274 : 1164 – 1167 .
  • Hou , L.-H. , Martin , L. D. , Zhou , Z.-H , Feduccia , A. and Zhang , F. 1999 . A diapsid skull in a new species of the primitive bird Confuciusornis . Nature , 399 : 679 – 682 .
  • Hou , L.-H. , Zhou , Z.-H , Zhang , F. and Gu , Y. 2002 . Mesozoic Birds from Western Liaoning in China , 120 Liaoning : Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing .
  • Houck , M. A. , Gauthier , J. A. and Strauss , R. E. 1990 . Allometric scaling in the earliest fossil bird, Archaeopteryx lithographica . Science , 247 : 195 – 198 .
  • Huber , S. K. , De León , L. F. , Hendry , A. P. , Bermingham , E. and Podos , J. 2007 . Reproductive isolation of sympatric morphs in a population of Darwin's finches . Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B , 274 : 1709 – 1714 .
  • Ji , Q. , Chiappe , L. M. and Ji , S. 1999 . A new late Mesozoic confuciusornithid from China . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 19 : 1 – 7 .
  • Johnston , R. F. 1973 . Evolution in the House Sparrow. IV. Replicate Studies in Phenetic Covariation . Systematic Zoology , 22 : 219 – 226 .
  • Johnston , R. F. 1992 . Variation in size and shape in pigeons, Columba livia . Wilson Bulletin , 102 : 213 – 225 .
  • Johnston , R. F. and Selander , R. K. 1971 . Evolution in the House Sparrow. II. Adaptive differentiation in North American populations . Evolution , 25 : 1 – 28 .
  • Mardia , K. V. , Kent , J. T. and Bibby , J. M. 1979 . Multivariate Analysis , 518 London : Academic Press .
  • Martin , L. D. , Zhou , Z. , Hou , L. and Feduccia , A. 1998 . Confuciusornis sanctus compared to Archaeopteryx lithographica . Naturwissenshaften , 85 : 286 – 289 .
  • Marugán-Lobón , J. and Buscalioni , A. D. 2009 . New insight on the anatomy and architecture of the avian neurocranium . Anatomical Record , 292 : 364 – 370 .
  • O'Connor , J. K. , Wang , X. , Chiappe , L. M. , Gao , C. , Meng , Q. , Cheng , X. and Liu , J. 2009 . Phylogenetic support for a specialized clade of Cretaceous enantiornithine birds with information from a new species . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 29 : 188 – 204 .
  • Peters , D. S. and Ji , Q. 1999 . Mußte Confuciusornis klettern? . Journal of Ornithology , 140 : 41 – 50 .
  • Peters , W. S. and Peters , D. S . 2009 . Life history, sexual dimorphism and 'ornamental' feathers in the Mesozoic bird Confuciusornis sanctus . Biology Letters , 5 : 817 – 820 .
  • Peters , W. S. and Peters , D. S. 2010 . Sexual size dimorphism is the most consistent explanation for the body size spectrum of Confuciusornis sanctus . Biology Letters , 6 : 531 – 532 .
  • Ranta , E. , Laurila , A. and Elmberg , J. 1994 . Reinventing the wheel: analysis of sexual dimorphism in body size . Oikos , 70 : 313 – 321 .
  • Senter , P. and Robins , J. H. 2003 . Taxonomic status of the specimens of Archaeopteryx . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 23 : 961 – 965 .
  • Smith , T. B. 1990 . Patterns of morphological and geographic variation in trophic bill morphs of the African finch Pyrinestes . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 41 : 381 – 414 .
  • Smith , T. B. 1993 . Disruptive selection and the genetic basis of bill size polymorphism in the African finch, Pyrenestes . Nature , 363 : 618 – 620 .
  • Smith , T. B. and Girman , D. J. 2000 . “ Reaching new adaptive peaks. Evolution of alternative morphs in African Finch ” . In Adaptive Genetic Variation in the Wild , Edited by: Mousseau , T. A. , Sinervo , B. and Endler , J. 139 – 136 . Oxford, New York : Oxford University Press .
  • van Doorn , G. S. , Edelaar , P. and Weissing , F. J. 2009 . On the origin of species by Natural and Sexual Selection . Science , 326 : 1704 – 1707 .
  • Voorhies , M. R. 1969 . Taphonomy and population dynamics of an early Pliocene vertebrate fauna, Knox County, Nebraska . Contributions to Geology Special Papers , 1 : 1 – 69 .
  • Wang , X. and Zhou , Z. 2006 . “ Pterosaur adaptational radiation of the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota ” . In Originations and radiations. Evidences from the Chinese Fossil Record , Edited by: Rong , J. , Fang , Z. , Zhou , Z. , Zhan , R. , Wang , X. and Yuan , X. 665 – 689 . Beijing : Science Press .
  • Zhang , F. C. , Zhou , Z. and Benton , M. J. 2008 . A primitive confuciusornithid bird from China and its implications for early avian flight . Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences , 51 : 625 – 639 .
  • Zhang , Z. , Gao , C. , Meng , Q. , Liu , J. , Hou , L. and Zheng , G. 2009 . Diversification in an Early Cretaceous avian genus: evidence from a new species of Confuciusornis from China . Journal of Ornithology , 150 : 783 – 790 .
  • Zhou , Z. H. and Zhang , F. 2007 . Mesozoic birds of China—a synoptic review . Frontiers in Biology China , 2 : 1 – 14 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.