Heterochronic growth of ostracods (Crustacea) from microbial deposits in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction

References

• Adrian, R., O'Reilly, C. M., Zagarese, H., Baines, S. B., Hessen, D. O., Keller, W., Livingstone, D. M., Sommaruga, R., Straile, D., Van Donk, E., Weyhenmeyer, G. A. & Winderl, M. 2009. Lakes as sentinels of climate change. Limnology andOceanography, 54, 2283–2297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberch, P., Gould, S. J., Oster, G. F. & Wake, D. B. 1979. Size and shape in ontogeny and phylogeny. Paleobiology, 5, 296–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan J. D. & Goulden C.E. 1980. Some aspects of reproductive variation among freshwater zooplankton. Pp. 388–410 in W. C. Kerfoot (ed.) Evolution and ecology of zooplankton communities. University Press of New England, Hanover.
   Google Scholar
• Baird, W. 1845. Arrangement of the British Entomostraca, with a list of species, particularly noticing those which have as yet been discovered within the bounds of the club. Transactions of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 2, 145–158
   Google Scholar
• Baird, W. 1850. The Natural History of the British Entomostraca. Ray Society, London, 364 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Bate, R. H., Lord, A. & Riegraf, W. 1979. Jurassic Ostracoda from leg 79, Site 547. Pp. 703–710 in K. Hinz & E. L. Winterer (eds) Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Washington.
   Google Scholar
• Baud, A., Cirilli, S. & Marcoux, J. 1997. Biotic response to mass extinction: the Lowermost Triassic microbialites. Facies, 36, 238–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baud, A., Richoz, S. & Marcoux, J. 2005. Calcimicrobial cap rocks from the basal Triassic units: western Taurus occurrences (SW Turkey). Comptes Rendus Palevol, 4, 569–582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benton, M. J. & Twitchett, R. J. 2003 How to kill (almost) all life: the end-Permian extinction event. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18(7), 358–365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertholon, L. 1997. Les hétérochronies du développement chez les ostracodes, indicateurs de stratégies adaptatives. Geobios, 21, 277–285.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, D. P. G. & Wignall, P. B. 2010. Pyrite framboid study of marine Permo-Triassic boundary sections: a complex anoxic event and its relationship to contemporaneous mass extinction. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 122, 1265–1279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boomer, I. & Frenzel, P. 2011. Possible environmental & biological controls on carapace size in Cyprideis torosa (Jones, 1850). Joannea – Geologie und Paläontologie, 11, 26–27.
   Google Scholar
• Bulmer, M. 1994. Theoretical Evolutionary Ecology. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, 352 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Brandão, S. N. & Horne, D. J. 2009. The Platycopid Signal of oxygen depletion in the ocean: a critical evaluation of the evidence from modern ostracod biology, ecology and depth distribution. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 283, 126–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, W. K. 1886. Report on the Stomatopoda dredged by H.M.S. “Challenger” during the years 1873–1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, Zoology, 16, 1–116.
   Google Scholar
• Brüwhiler, T., Brayard, A., Bucher, H. & Guodun, K. 2008. Griesbachian and Dienerian (Early Triassic) ammonoid faunas from Northwestern Guangxi and Southern Guizhou (South China). Palaeontology, 51, 1151–1180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C. Y. & Folt C. L. 1996. Consequences of fall warming for zooplankton overwintering success. Limnology and Oceanography, 41, 1077–1086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L., Wang, Y., Xie, S., Kershaw, S., Dong, M., Yang, H., Liu, H. & Algeo, T. J. 2011. Molecular records of microbialites following the end-Permian mass extinction in Chongyang, Hubei Province, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 308, 151–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, A. C. & Morin, J. G. 1990. Patterns of reproduction in ostracodes; a review. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 10, 184–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crasquin, S., Perri, M.C., Nicora, A. & De Wever, P. 2008. Ostracods across the Permian-Triassic boundary in Western Tethys: the Bulla parastratotype (Southern Alps, Italy). Rivista Italiana di Palaeontologia e Stratigrafia, 114, 233–262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crasquin, S., Baud, A., Kershaw, S., Richoz, S., Kosun, E. & Forel, M. B. 2009. The Permian-Triassic transition in the Southwestern Taurus Mountains (South Turkey). Field Guide Book, IGCP 572 Annual Meeting & Field Workshop in southern Turkey, Antalya, September 2–6, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Crasquin, S. & Forel, M. B. 2013. Ostracods (Crustacea) through Permian-Triassic events. Earth-Science Reviews. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crasquin-Soleau, S. & Gradinaru, E. 1996. Early Anisian ostracode fauna from the Tulcea Unit (Cimmerian North Dobrogean Orogen, Romania). Annales de Paléontologie, 82(2), 59–116.
   Google Scholar
• Crasquin-Soleau, S. & Kershaw, S. 2005. Ostracod fauna from the Permian-Triassic boundary interval of South China (Huaying Mountains, eastern Sichuan Province): palaeoenvironmental significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 217, 131–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crasquin-Soleau, S., Broutin, J., Besse, J. & Berthelin, M. 2001. Ostracodes and paleobotany from the Middle Permian of Oman: implications on Pangea reconstruction. Terra Nova, 13, 38–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crasquin-Soleau, S., Richoz, S., Marcoux, J., Angiolini, L., Nicora, A. & Baud, A. 2002. The events of the Permian-Triassic boundary: last survivors and/or first colonizers among the ostracods of the Taurides (southwestern Turkey). Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 334, 489–495.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crasquin-Soleau, S., Marcoux, J., Angiolini, L. & Nicora, A. 2004a. Palaeocopida (Ostracoda) across the Permian-Triassic events: new data from the South–Western Taurus (Turkey). Journal of Micropalaeontology, 23, 67–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crasquin-Soleau, S., Marcoux, J., Angiolini, L., Nicora, A. & Bertho, Y. 2004b. New ostracode fauna from Permian-Triassic boundary in Turkey (Taurus, Antalya Nappes). Micropalaeontology, 50, 281–296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crasquin-Soleau, S., Vaslet, D. & Le Nindre, Y.M. 2005. Ostracods from Permian-Triassic boundary in Saudi Arabia (Khuff Formation). Palaeontology, 48, 853–868.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crasquin-Soleau, S., Galfetti, T., Bucher, H. & Brayard, A. 2006a. Early Triassic ostracods from Guangxi Province, South China. Rivista Italiana di Palaeontologia e Stratigrafia, 112, 55–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crasquin-Soleau, S., Vaslet, D. & Le Nindre, Y. M. 2006b. Ostracods of Permian-Triassic Khuff Formation, Saudi Arabia: paleoecology and paleobiogeography. GeoArabia, 11, 55–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danielopol, D. L., Baltanás, A., Namiotko, T., Geiger, W., Pichler, M., Reina, M. & Roidmayr, G. 2008. Developmental trajectories in geographically separated populations of non-marine ostracods: morphometric applications for palaeoecological studies. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 88, 183–193.
   Google Scholar
• De Deckker P. 1983. Notes on the ecology and distribution of nonmarine ostracods in Australia. Hydrobiologia, 106, 223–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erwin, D. H. 1993. The Great Paleozoic Crisis: Life and Death in the Permian. Columbia University Press, New York, 327 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Ezaki, Y., Liu, J. B., Nagano, T. & Adachi, N. 2008. Geobiological aspects of the Earliest Triassic microbialites along the southern periphery of the tropical Yangtze Platform: Initiation and cessation of a microbial regime. Palaios, 23, 356–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forel, M. B., Crasquin, S., Kershaw, S., Feng, Q. & Collin, P. Y. 2009. Ostracods (Crustacea) and water oxygenation in earliest Triassic of South China: implications for oceanic events of the end-Permian mass extinction. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 56, 815–823.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forel, M. B. & Crasquin, S. 2011. Lower Triassic ostracods (Crustacea) from Meishan section, Permian-Triassic GSSP (Zhejiang Province, South China). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 9, 455–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forel, M. B. 2012. Ostracods (Crustacea) associated with microbialites across the Permian-Triassic boundary in Dajiang (Guizhou Province, South China). European Journal of Taxonomy, 19, 1–34.
   Google Scholar
• Forel, M. B. 2013. The Permian-Triassic mass extinction: ostracods (Crustacea) and microbialites. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 345(4), 203–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forel, M. B., Crasquin, S., Hips, K., Kershaw, S., Collin, P. Y. & Haas, J. 2013a. Ostracods (Crustacea) from Permian-Triassic Boundary of Bálvány North section (Bükk Mountains, Hungary). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 58, 195–219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forel, M. B., Crasquin, S., Kershaw, S. & Collin, P. Y. 2013b. In the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction: the microbialite refuge? Terra Nova, 25, 137–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrest, J. & Miller-Rusching, A. J. 2010. Toward a synthetic understanding of the role of phenology in ecology and evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B, 365, 3101–3112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, C. W. & Czesak, M. E. 2000. Evolutionary ecology of progeny size in arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology, 45, 341–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisk, A., Bucher, H., Hautmann, M., Baud, A., Brosse, M. & Guodun, K. 2012. Unusually diverse mollusc assemblages from the early Triassic (Griesbachian) of South China. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program, 44(7), 166.
   Google Scholar
• Ganning, B. 1971. On the ecology of Heterocypris salinus, H. incongruens and Cypridopsis aculeata (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Baltic brackish-water rockpools. Marine Biology, 8, 271–279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerten, D. & Adrian, R. 2002. Species specific response of freshwater copepods to recent summer warming. Freshwater Biology, 47, 2163–2173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould, S. J. 1977. Ontogeny and phylogeny. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 501 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Groves, J. R., Altiner, D. & Rettori, R. 2005. Extinction, survival, and recovery of lagenide foraminifers in the Permian-Triassic boundary interval, central Taurides, Turkey. Paleontological Society Memoir, 62, 1–38.
   Google Scholar
• Gründel, J. 1969. Neue taxonomische Einheiten der Unterklasse Ostracoda (Crustacea). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 1969, 353–361.
   Google Scholar
• Guber, A. L. 1971. Problems of sexual dimorphism, population structure and taxonomy of the Ordovician genus Tetradella (Ostracoda). Journal of Paleontology, 45, 6–22.
   Google Scholar
• Hagerman, L. 1978. The life-cycle of three species of algal-living ostracods from brackish water. Ophelia, 17, 231–237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halbach, U. 1973. Life table data and population dynamics of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas as influenced by periodically oscillating temperature. Pp. 217–288 in W. Wieser (ed.) Effect of temperature on ectothermic organisms. Springer, Heidelberg
   Google Scholar
• Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T. & Ryan, P. D. 2001. PAST: Palaeontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4, 9.
   Google Scholar
• Hammer, Ø. & Harper, D. A. T. 2005. Paleontological Data Analysis. Blackwell, Oxford, 351 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Hao, W. C. 1992. Lower Triassic marine ostracods from Guizhou. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 9, 37–44. [in Chinese].
   Google Scholar
• Harries, P. J., Kauffman, E. G. & Hansen, T. A. 1996. Models for biotic survival following mass extinction. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, 102, 41–60.
   Google Scholar
• Hautmann, M., Bucher, H., Brühwiler, T., Goudemand, N., Kaim, A. & Nützel, A. 2011. An unusually diverse mollusc fauna from the earliest Triassic of South China and its implications for benthic recovery after the end-Permian biotic crisis. Geobios, 44, 71–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heip, C. 1976. The life-cycle of Cyprideis torosa (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Oecologia, 24, 229–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henningsmoen, G. 1953. Classification of Paleozoic Straight-Hinged Ostracods. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 31, 185–290.
   Google Scholar
• Hessland, I. 1949. Investigations Lower Ordovician of the Siljan district. Sweden. I: lower Ordovocian ostracods of the Siljan district, Sweden. Bulletin of the Geological Institute of Uppsala, 33, 97–408.
   Google Scholar
• Horne, D. J. 1983. Life-cycles of podocopid Ostracoda – A review (with particular reference to marine and brackish-water species). Pp. 581–590 in R. F. Maddocks (ed.) Applications of Ostracoda. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Ostracoda. University of Houston, Geoscience, Houston, Texas.
   Google Scholar
• Horne, D. J., Cohen, A. & Martens, K. 2002. Taxonomy, Morphology and Biology of Quaternary and living Ostracoda. Pp. 5–36 in J. A. Holmes & A. Chivas (eds) The Ostracoda: applications in Quaternary Research. Geophysical Monograph, American Geophysical Union, Washington DC.
   Google Scholar
• Horne, D. J., Brandão, S. N. & Slipper, I. J. 2011. The Platycopid Signal deciphered: responses of ostracod taxa to environmental change during the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event (Late Cretaceous) in SE England. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 308, 304–312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaanusson, V. 1956. Untersuchungen uber den oberordovizischen Lyckholm-Stufenkomplex in Estland. Bulletin of the Geological Institute of Uppsala, 36, 369–400.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, T. R. & Sherborn, C. D. 1888. On some Ostracoda from the Fullers Earth Oolite and the Bradford Clay. Bath Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club Proceedings, 6, 249–278.
   Google Scholar
• Kaim, A., Nützel, A., Bucher, H., Brüwhiler, T. & Goudemand, N. 2010. Early Triassic (Late Griesbachian) gastropods from South China (Shanggan, Guangxi). Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 103, 121–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashevarova, N. P. 1958. Novye vidy ostrakod verkhnepermskikh otlozhenij (Ufimskiskh i Tatarskikh) Yuzhnogo Timana i Volgo-Ural‘skoj Oblasti. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Neftyanogo Nauchno-Issle-dovatel'skogo Instituta (VNIGRI), 115, 302–339. [in Russian].
   Google Scholar
• Kershaw, S., Li, Y., Crasquin-Soleau, S., Feng, Q., Mu, X., Collin, P. Y., Reynolds, A. & Guo, L. 2007. Earliest Triassic microbialites in the South China block and other areas: control on their growth and distribution. Facies, 53, 409–425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kershaw, S., Crasquin, S., Forel, M. B., Randon, C., Collin, P. Y., Kosun, E., Richoz, S. & Baud, A. 2010. Earliest Triassic microbialites in Çürük Dag, southern Turkey; composition, cyclicity and controls on formation. Sedimentology, 58, 739–755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kershaw, S., Crasquin, S., Li Y., Collin, P. Y., Forel, M. B., Mu, X., Baud, A., Wang, Y., Xie, S., Guo, L. & Maurer, F. 2012. Microbialites and global environmental change across the Permian-Triassic boundary: a synthesis. Geobiology, 10, 25–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesling, R. V. 1951a. The morphology of ostracod molt stages. Illinois Biological Monographs, 21(1–3), 117–126.
   Google Scholar
• Kesling, R. V. 1951b. Terminology of ostracod carapaces. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan, 9(4), 93–171.
   Google Scholar
• Kesling, R. V. 1952. Doubling in size of ostracod carapaces in each moult stage. Journal of Paleontology, 26, 772–780.
   Google Scholar
• Kesling, R. V. 1953. A slide rule for the determination of instars in ostracod species. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 11, 97–109.
   Google Scholar
• Kesling, R. V. & Takagi, R. S. 1961. Evaluation of Przibram's law for ostracods by use of the Zeuthen Cartesian-diver weighing technique. Contribution from the Museum of Paleontolog,y University of Michigan, 17, 1–58.
   Google Scholar
• Kesling, R. V. & Crafts, F. C. 1962. Ontogenetic increase in Archimedean weight of the ostracod Chlamydotheca unispinosa (Baird). American Midland Naturalist, 68, 149–153.
   Google Scholar
• Kozur, H. 1985. Neue ostracoden-Arten aus dem oberen Mittelkarbon (Höheres Moskovian) Mittel- und Oberperm des Bükk-Gebirges (N-Ungarn). Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen, 2, 1–145.
   Google Scholar
• Latreille, P. A. 1806. Genera crustaceorum et insectorum: secun-dum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Tomus 1. Koenig, Paris, 301 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lethiers, F. 1978. Ostracodes du Dévonien terminal de la Formation Big Valley, Saskatchewan et Alberta. Palaeontographica, 162, 81–143.
   Google Scholar
• Lethiers, F. 1981. Ostracodes du Dévonien terminal de l'Ouest du Canada: Systématique, biostratigraphie et paléoécologie. Geobios, 5, 1–234.
   Google Scholar
• Lethiers, F. & Crasquin-Soleau, S. 1988. Comment extraire des microfossiles à tests calcitiques de roches calcaires dures. Revue de Micropaléontologie, 31, 56–61.
   Google Scholar
• Lethiers, F. & Whatley, R. 1994. The use of Ostracoda to reconstruct the oxygen levels of the Late Palaeozoic oceans. Marine Micropaleontology, 24, 57–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao, W., Wang, Y., Kershaw, S., Weng, Z. & Yang, H. 2010. Shallow-marine dysoxia across the Permian-Triassic boundary: evidence from pyrite framboids in the microbialite in South China. Sedimentary Geology, 232, 77–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lika, K. & Kooijman, S. A. L. M. 2003. Life history implications of allocation to growth versus reproduction in dynamic energy budgets. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 65, 809–834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H., Wang, Y. B., Yuan, A. H., Yang, H., Song, H. J. & Zhang, S. X. 2010. Ostracod fauna near the Permian-Triassic boundary in Chongyang, Hubei Province, and its response to the mass extinction. Science in China, Earth Sciences, 53(6), 810–817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddocks, R. F. & Iliffe, T. M. 1986. Podocopid Ostracoda of Bermuda caves. Stygologia, 2, 26–76.
   Google Scholar
• Maddocks, R. F. 1990. Living and Fossil Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda). University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Monograph, 2, 1–410.
   Google Scholar
• Maddocks, R. F. 1991. New Bairdiidae (Ostracoda) from Tulear, Madagascar. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 9, 189–204.
   Google Scholar
• Maddocks, R. F. 2013. New and poorly known species of Neonesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda, Crustacea) from French Frigate Shoals, the Hawaiian Islands. Zootaxa, 3608, 457–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins, M. J. F., Vandekerkhove, J. & Namiotko, T. 2008. Environmental stability and the distribution of the sexes: insights from life history experiments with the geographic parthenogen Eucypris virens (Crustacea: Ostracoda). Oikos, 117, 829–836.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinsson, A. 1956. Neue Funde kambrischer Gänge und ordovizischer Geschiebe im südwestlichen Finnland. Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala, 36, 79–105.
   Google Scholar
• McCoy, F. 1844. A synopsis of the characters of the Carboniferous Limestone fossils of Ireland. Dublin University Press, Dublin, 207 pp.
   Google Scholar
• McKinney, M. L. & McNamara, K. J. 1991. Heterochrony: the evolution of ontogeny. Plenum, New York, 437 pp.
   Google Scholar
• McNamara, K. 2009. Stromatolites. Geoscientist, 19, 16–22.
   Google Scholar
• Mesquita-Joanes, F., Smith, A. J. & Viehberg, F. A. 2012. The ecology of Ostracoda across levels of biological organisation from individual to ecosystem: A review of recent developments and future potential. Developments in Quaternary Sciences, 17, 15–35.
   Google Scholar
• Mette, W. 2008. Upper Permian and lowermost Triassic stratigraphy, facies and ostracods in NW Iran-implications for the P/T extinction event. Stratigraphy, 5, 205–219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mette, W. 2010. Ostracods from the Upper Permian and Permian/Triassic boundary interval in Northwest Iran. Revista Española de Micropaleontologia, 42(1), 11–35.
   Google Scholar
• Mezquita F., Roca J. R. & Wansard G. 1999. Moulting, survival and calcification: the effects of temperature and water chemistry on an ostracod crustacean (Herpetocypris intermedia) under experimental conditions. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 146, 219–238.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, R. C. 1961. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Arthropoda 3, Crustacea, Ostracoda. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Boulder and Lawrence, 442 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Morales-Ramíres, A. & Jakob, J. 2008. Seasonal vertical distribution, abundance, biomass and biometrical relationships of ostracods in Golfo Dulce, Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 56, 125–147.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, G. W. 1894. Die Ostracoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres Abschnilte. Fauna und Flora Neapel, 21, 1–404.
   Google Scholar
• Obato, M. 1999. Taxonomy and ecology of the genus Neonesidea distributed along the Japan sea coast. Unpublished undergraduate thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Oloffson, H., Ripa, J. & Jonzen, N. 2009. Bet-hedging as an evolutionary game: the trade-off between egg-size and number. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, 276, 2963–2969.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orcutt, J. D. Jr & Porter, K. G. 1983. Diel migration and thermal fluctuation in Daphnia magna. Limnology and Oceanography, 28, 720–730.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otero, M., Rossi, V., Baltanás, A. & Menozzi, P. 1998. Effect of genotype and photoperiod on diapause strategies in Eucypris virens (Jurine, 1820) (Crustacea: Ostracoda). Archiv für Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advanced Limnology, 52, 229–236.
   Google Scholar
• Payne, J. L. & Clapham, M. E. 2012. End-Permian Mass Extinction in the Oceans: An Ancient Analog for the Twenty-First Century? Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 40, 89–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrin, N. 1992. Optimal resource allocation and the marginal value of organs. American Naturalist, 139, 1344–1369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raff, R. A. & Kaufman, T. C. 1983. Embryos, genes, and evolution: The developmental-genetic basis of evolutionary change. Macmillan, New York, 395 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Reilly, S. M., Wiley, E. O. & Meinhardt, D. J. 1997. An integrative approach to heterochrony: the distinction between interspecific and intraspecific phenomena. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 60, 119–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richoz, S. 2006. Stratigraphie et variations isotopiques du Carbone dans le Permien supérieur et le Trias inférieur de la Néotéthys (Turquie, Oman et Iran). Mémoires de Géologie (Lausanne), 46, 1–264.
   Google Scholar
• Roff, D. A. 1992. The Evolution of Life Histories: Theory and Analysis. Chapman and Hall, New York, 535 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Rossi, V., Tondelli, B., Gandolfi, A., Bellavere, C., McKenzie, K. G. & Menozzi, P. 2003. Heterocypris (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Isole Pelagie (Sicily, Italy): population genetics. Italian Journal of Zoology, 70, 101–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi, V., Martorella, A. & Menozzi, P. 2013. Hatching phenology and voltinism of Heterocypris barbara (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Lampedusa (Sicily, Italy). Journal of Limnology, 72, 227–237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth, R. 1928. Monoceratina: a new genus of Ostracoda from the Pennsylvanian of Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology, 2, 15–19.
   Google Scholar
• Sars, G. O. 1866. Oversigt af marine Ostracoder. Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, Förhandlingar, 1865, 1–130.
   Google Scholar
• Sars, G. O. 1887. Nye bidrag til kundskaben om middelhavets invertebrafauna: 4. Ostracods mediterranea (sydeuropaeiske ostracoder). Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, 12, 173–324.
   Google Scholar
• Sars, G. O. 1910. Zoological results of the 3rd Tanganyika Expedition (1904–1905). Report on Ostracoda. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 48, 732–760.
   Google Scholar
• Sars, G. O. 1922–1928. An account of the Crustacea of Norway. Vol. 9, Crustacea. Bergen Museum, 9, 1–277.
   Google Scholar
• Schöne, B. R., Oschmann, W., Tanabe, K., Dettman, D., Fiebig, J., Houk, S. D. & Kanie, Y. 2004. Holocene seasonal environmental trends at Tokyo Bay, Japan, reconstructed from bivalve mollusk shells-implications for changes in the east Asian monsoon and latitudinal shifts of the Polar Front. Quaternary Science Reviews, 23, 1137–1150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schornikov, E. I. 1990. Evolution and classification of Bythocytheridae. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 123, 291–302.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, H. W. 1961. Suborder Beyrichicopina Scott n. suborder. Suborder Kloedenellocopina Scott n. suborder. Pp. Q. 111, 180 in R. C. Moore (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part Q. Arthropoda 3. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press, Boulder and Kansas, 442 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Sebe, O., Crasquin, S. & Gradinaru, E. 2013. Early and Middle Anisian deep-water ostracods (Crustacea) from North Dobrogea (Romania). Revue de Paléobiologie, 32, 509–529.
   Google Scholar
• Sepkoski, J. J. Jr 1984. A kinetic model of Phanerozoic taxonomic diversity. III. Post-Paleozoic families and mass extinctions. Paleobiology, 10, 246–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaver, R. 1953. Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism in Cytherella bullata. Journal of Paleontology, 27, 471–480.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, R. J. & Kamiya, T. 2002. The ontogeny of Neonesidea oligodentata (Bairdioidea, Ostracoda, Crustacea). Hydrobiologia, 489, 245–275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sohn, I. G. 1950. Growth series of ostracodes from the Permian of Texas. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 221-C, 33–43.
   Google Scholar
• Sohn, I. G. 1961. Aechminella, Amphissites, Kirbyella and related genera. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 330-B, 107–160.
   Google Scholar
• Sohn, I. G. 1970. Early Triassic Marine Ostracodes from the Salt Range and Surghar Range, West Pakistan. Pp. 149–206 in B. Kummel & C. Teichert (eds) Stratigraphic boundary problems: Permian and Triassic of West Pakistan. Special Publication, Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence,.
   Google Scholar
• Song, H., Tong, J., Chen, Z. Q., Yang, H. & Wang, Y. 2009. End-Permian mass extinction of foraminifers in the Nanpanjiang basin, South China. Journal of Paleontology, 83, 718–738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stearns S. 1992. The evolution of life histories. Oxford University Press, New York, 264 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Styk, O. 1972. Some more important new species of foraminifers and ostracods from the Triassic deposits of Poland. Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 16, 867–885.
   Google Scholar
• Svensen, H., Planke, S, Polozov, A. G., Schmidbauer, N., Corfu, F., Podladchikov, Y. Y. & Jamtveit, B. 2009. Siberian gas venting and the end-Permian environmental crisis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 277, 490–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczechura, J. 1964. Monoceratina Roth (Ostracoda) from the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleocene of North and Central Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 9, 357–406.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka, G. & Ikeya, N. 2002. Migration and speciation of the Loxoconcha japonica species group (Ostracoda) in East Asia. Paleontological Research, 6, 265–284.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka, G., Ono, T., Nishimura, T. & Maeda, H. 2013. Middle Permian ostracods from the Akasaka Limestone, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. Paleontological Research, 16, 289–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teissier, G. 1960. Reticulate growth. Pp. 541–544 in T. H. Waterman (ed.) The Physiology of Crustacea. Academic Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Thorp J. H. & Wineriter S. A. 1981. Stress and growth response of juvenile crayfish to rhythmic and arrhythmic temperature fluctuations. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 10, 69–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triebel, E. & Bartenstein, H. 1938. Die Ostracoden des deutschen Juras. Senckenbergiana, 20, 502–518.
   Google Scholar
• Twombly, S., Clancy, N. & Burns, C. W. 1998. Life history consequences of food quality in the freshwater copepod Boeckella triarticulata. Ecology, 79, 1711–1724.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulrich, E. O. & Bassler, R. S. 1906. New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. Notes and descriptions of the Upper Carboniferous genera and species. United States National Museum Paper, 30, 149–164.
   Google Scholar
• Ulrich, E. O. & Bassler, R. S. 1908. New American Paleozoic Ostracoda. preliminary revision of the Beyrichiidae, with descriptions of new genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 35, 277–340.
   Google Scholar
• Ulrich, E. O. & Bassler, R. S. 1923. Paleozoic Ostracoda: Their morphology, classification and occurrence. Maryland Geological Survey, Silurian, 9, 271–391.
   Google Scholar
• Van Harten, D. 1975. Size and environmental salinity in the modern euryhaline ostracod Cyprideis torosa (Jones, 1850), a biometrical study. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 17, 35–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, M. 1981. Early and Middle Triassic Ostracods from Sichuan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 20, 501–510. [in Chinese with English abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Wei, M., Li., Z., Jiang, Z. & Xie, L. 1983. Arthropoda. Pp. 7–253 in Chengdu Institute of Geological and Mineral Resources (ed.). Palaeontological Atlas of Southwest China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing [in Chinese].
   Google Scholar
• Williamson, W. C. 1848. On some of the microscopical objects found in the mud of Levant and other deposits; with remarks on the mode of formation of calcareous and infusorial siliceous rocks. Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, Series 2, 8, 1–128.
   Google Scholar
• Winder, M. & Schindler, D. E. 2004. Climatic effects on the phenology of lake processes. Global Change Biology, 10, 1844–1856.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whatley, R. C. & Stephens, M. 1977. Precocious sexual dimorphism in fossil and recent Ostracoda. Pp. 69–91 in H. Löffler & D. Danielopol (eds) Aspects of Ecology and Zoogeography of Recent and Fossil Ostracoda. Junk, The Hague
   Google Scholar
• Worner, S. P. 1992. Performance of phenological models under variable temperature regimes: Consequences of the Kaufmann or rate summation effect. Environmental Entomology, 21, 689–699.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H., Chen, Z. Q., Wang, Y., Tong, J., Song, H. & Chen, J. 2011. Composition and structure of microbialite ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction in South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 308, 118–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, Z., Xu, J., Zhang, Z. & Mo, Z. 1980. Biostratigraphy of the Late Permian and problems on the Permian-Triassic boundary in Western Guizhou and Eastern Yunnan. Pp. 1–69 in The coal-bearing strata and palaeontology of the Late Permian in Western Guizhou and Eastern Yunnan. Science Press, Beijing. [in Chinese].
   Google Scholar
• Ye, C. H., Gou, Y. X., Hou, Y. T. & Cao, M. Z. 1977. Mesozoic and Cenozoic ostracode fauna from Yunnan. Pp. 153–330 in Mesozoic fossils from Yunnan, China. Volume 2, Beijing, Science Press [in Chinese].
   Google Scholar
• Zheng, S. 1976. Early Mesozoic ostracodes from some localities in South West China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 15, 77–93. [in Chinese with English abstract].
   Google Scholar