Phylogeny of the amphibamiform temnospondyls: the relationship of taxa known by adults, larvae and neotenes

References

• Anderson, J. S. 2008. Focal review: the origin(s) of modern amphibians. Evolutionary Biology, 35, 231–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. S., Henrici, A. C., Sumida, S. S., Martens, T. & Berman, D. S. 2008b. Georgenthalia clavinasica, a new genus and species of dissorophoid temnospondyl from the Early Permian of Germany, and the relationships of the Family Amphibamidae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28, 61–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. S., Reisz, R. R., Scott, D., Fröbisch, N. B. & Sumida, S. S. 2008a. A stem batrachian from the Early Permian of Texas and the origin of frogs and salamanders. Nature, 453, 515–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkins, J. B., Sourges, P., Fröbisch, N. B., Reisz, R. R. & Maddin, H. C. 2020. Late ontogeny in the small Early Permian amphibamiform dissorophoid Pasawioops mayi. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 40, e1772800. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1772800
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman, D. S., Reisz, R. R. & Eberth, D. A. 1987. A new genus and species of trematopid amphibian from the Late Pennsylvanian of north-central New Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 7, 252–269.
   Google Scholar
• Bolt, J. R. 1969. Lissamphibian origins: possible protolissamphibian from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma. Science, 166, 888–891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolt, J. R. 1977. Dissorophoid relationships and ontogeny, and the origin of the Lissamphibia. Journal of Paleontology, 51, 235–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boy, J. A. 1972. Die Branchiosaurier (Amphibia) des saarpfälzischen Rotliegenden (Perm, SW-Deutschland). Hessisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung, 65, 1–137.
   Google Scholar
• Boy, J. A. 1974. Die Larven der rhachitomen Amphibien (Amphibia: Temnospondyli; Karbon-Trias). Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 48, 236–268.
   Google Scholar
• Boy, J. A. 1985. Über Micropholis, den letzten berlebenden der Dissorophoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli; Unter-Trias). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 1985, 29–45.
   Google Scholar
• Boy, J. A. 1986. Studien über die Branchiosauridae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). 1. Neue und wenig bekannte Arten aus dem mitteleuropäischen Rotliegenden (?oberes Karbon bis unteres Perm). Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 60, 131–166.
   Google Scholar
• Boy, J. A. 1987. Studien über die Branchiosauridae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli, Ober-Karbon-Unter-Perm). 2. Systematische Übersicht. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 174, 75–104.
   Google Scholar
• Boy, J. A. 1988. Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europäischen Rotliegend (?höchstes Karbon – Perm). 1. Sclerocephalus. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 62, 107–132.
   Google Scholar
• Boy, J. A. 1990. Über einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). 2. Onchiodon. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 64, 287–312.
   Google Scholar
• Boy, J. A. 1995. Über die Micromelerpetontidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). 1. Morphologie und Paläoökologie des Micromelerpeton credneri (Unter-Perm; SW-Deutschland). Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 69, 429–457.
   Google Scholar
• Boy, J. A. & Sues, H. D. 2000. Branchiosaurs: larvae, metamorphosis and heterochrony in temnospondyls and seymouriamorphs. Pp. 1150–1197 in H. Heatwole & R. L. Carroll (eds) Amphibian biology. Volume 4, palaeontology. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, NSW, Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Carroll, R. L. 1964. Early evolution of the dissorophid amphibians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 131, 161–250.
   Google Scholar
• Case, E. C. 1946. A census of the determinable genera of Stegocephalia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 35, 325–420.
   Google Scholar
• Clack, J. A. & Milner, A. R. 2010. Morphology and systematics of the Pennsylvanian amphibian Platyrhinops lyelli (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 100, 275–295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cope, E. D. 1875. Check list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia, with a systematic list of higher groups and an essay on geographical distribution; based on specimens in the U.S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 1, 1–95.
   Google Scholar
• Daly, E. 1994. The Amphibamidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli), with a description of a new genus from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Kansas. The University of Kansas, Miscellaneous Publications, 85, 1–59.
   Google Scholar
• Dilkes, D. W. 1990. A new trematopsid amphibian (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the Lower Permian of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 10, 222–243.
   Google Scholar
• Dilkes, D. W. 1993. Biology and evolution of the nasal region in trematopid amphibians. Palaeontology, 36, 839–853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilkes, D. W. 2020. Revision of the Early Permian dissorophid ‘Dissorophus’ angustus (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 40, e1801704. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1801704
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilkes, D. W. & Reisz, R. 1987. Trematops milleri Williston, 1909, identified as a junior synonym of Acheloma cumminsi Cope, 1882: with a revision of the genus. American Museum Novitates, 2902, 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Duellman, W. E. & Trueb, L. 1993. Biology of amphibians. McGraw-Hill, New York, 670 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Fritsch, A. 1876. Über die Fauna der Gaskohle des Pilsner und Rakonitzer Beckens. Sitzungsberichte der Königlich-Böhmischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Prag, 1875, 70–79.
   Google Scholar
• Fritsch, A. 1881. Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalksteine der Permformation Böhmens. Volume 1. Selbstverlag, Prague, pp. 127–158.
   Google Scholar
• Fröbisch, N. B. & Reisz, R. R. 2008. A new Lower Permian amphibamid (Dissorophoidea, Temnospondyli) from the fissure fill deposits near Richards Spur, Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28, 1015–1030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fröbisch, N. B. & Schoch, R. R. 2009a. Testing the impact of miniaturization on phylogeny: Paleozoic dissorophoid amphibians. Systematic Biology, 58, 312–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fröbisch, N. B. & Schoch, R. R. 2009b. The largest specimen of Apateon and life history pathway of neoteny in the Paleozoic temnospondyl family Branchiosauridae. Fossil Record, 12, 83–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, K. Q. & Shubin, N. H. 2003. Earliest known crown-group salamanders. Nature, 422, 424–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, K. Q. & Shubin, N. H. 2012. Late Jurassic salamandroid from western Liaoning, China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 109, 5767–5772.
   Google Scholar
• Gee, B. M. 2020. Size matters: the effects of ontogenetic disparity on the phylogeny of Trematopidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 190, 79–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gee, B. M. 2021. Returning to the roots: resolution, reproducibility, and robusticity in the phylogenetic inference of Dissorophidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). PeerJ, 9, e12423. doi:10.7717/peerj.12423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gee, B. M. & Reisz, R. R. 2018. Cranial and postcranial anatomy of Cacops morrisi, a eucacopine dissorophid from the early Permian of Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 38, e1433186. doi:10.1080/02724634.2018.1433186
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gee, B. M., Bevitt, J. J. & Reisz, R. R. 2019. A juvenile specimen of the trematopid Acheloma from Richards Spur, Oklahoma and challenges of trematopid ontogeny. Frontiers in Earth Science, 7, 38. doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gee, B. M. & Reisz, R. R. 2020a. A re‐description of the late Carboniferous trematopid Actiobates peabodyi from Garnett, Kansas. The Anatomical Record, 303, 2821–2838. doi:10.1002/ar.24381
   Google Scholar
• Gee, B. M. & Reisz, R. R. 2020b. The amphibamiform Nanobamus macrorhinus from the early Permian of Texas. Journal of Paleontology, 94, 366–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, R. B., Carroll, R. L. & Reisz, R. R. 1998. The first articulated skeleton of Dendrerpeton acadianum (Temnospondyli, Dendrerpetontidae) from the Lower Pennsylvanian locality of Joggins, Nova Scotia, and a review of its relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 64–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurin, M. & Reisz, R. R. 1997. A new perspective on tetrapod phylogeny. Pp. 9–59 in S. S. Sumida & K. L. Martin (eds) Amniote origins. Academic Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Lautenschlager, S., Witzmann, F. & Werneburg, I. 2016. Palate anatomy and morphofunctional aspects of interpterygoid vacuities in temnospondyl cranial evolution. The Science of Nature, 103, 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Lützner, H., Kowalczyk, G. & Schneider, J. W. 2012. Stratigraphische Korrelation der innervariscischen Rotliegendbecken in Deutschland. Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 61, 861–879.
   Google Scholar
• Maddin, H. C., Fröbisch, N. B., Evans, D. C. & Milner, A. R. 2013. Reappraisal of the early Permian amphibamid Tersomius texensis and some referred material. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 12, 447–461.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marjanovic, D. & Laurin, M. 2008. A reevaluation of the evidence supporting an unorthodox hypothesis on the origin of extant amphibians. Contributions to Zoology, 77, 149–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marjanovic, D. & Laurin, M. 2009. The origin(s) of modern amphibians: a commentary. Evolutionary Biology, 36, 336–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marjanovic, D. & Laurin, M. 2013. The origin(s) of extant amphibians: a review with emphasis on the “lepospondyl hypothesis”. Geodiversitas, 35, 207–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner, A. R. 1982. Small temnospondyl amphibians from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Illinois. Palaeontology, 25, 635–664.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner, A. R. 1986. Dissorophoid amphibians from the Upper Carboniferous of Nýřany. Pp. 671–674 in Z. Roček (ed.) Studies in herpetology. Proceedings of the European Herpetological Meeting, Prague.
   Google Scholar
• Milner, A. R. 1988. The relationships and origin of living amphibians. Pp. 59–102 in M. J. Benton (ed.) The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds. Volume 1. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Milner, A. R. 1993. The Paleozoic relatives of amphibians. Herpetological Monographs, 7, 8–27.
   Google Scholar
• Milner, A. R. 2019. Two primitive trematopid amphibians (Temnospondyli, Dissorophoidea) from the Upper Carboniferous of the Czech Republic. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 109, 201–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moodie, R. L. 1910. A contribution to a monograph of the extinct Amphibia of North America. New forms from the Carboniferous. Journal of Geology, 17, 38–82.
   Google Scholar
• Pardo, J. D., Small, B. J. & Huttenlocker, A. K. 2017. Stem caecilian from the Triassic of Colorado sheds light on the origins of Lissamphibia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 114, E5389–E5395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polley, B. & Reisz, R. R. 2011. A new Lower Permian trematopid (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from Richards Spur, Oklahoma. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 789–815.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiss, J. 2001. The phylogeny of amphibian metamorphosis. Zoology, 105, 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisz, R. R., Schoch, R. R. & Anderson, J. S. 2009. The armoured dissorophid Cacops from the Early Permian of Oklahoma and the exploitation of the terrestrial realm by amphibians. Naturwissenschaften, 96, 789–796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romer, A. S. 1939. Notes on branchiosaurs. American Journal of Science, 237, 748–761.
   Google Scholar
• Ruta, M., Coates, M. I. & Quicke, D. L. J. 2003. Early tetrapod relationships revisited. Biological Reviews, 78, 251–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruta, M. & Coates, M. I. 2007. Dates, nodes, and character conflict: addressing the lissamphian origin problem. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 5, 69–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadovnikov, G. N. 2008. On the global stratotype section and point of the Triassic Base. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 16, 31–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez, S., Steyer, J. S., Schoch, R. R. & De Ricqlès, A. 2010. Palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental influences revealed by long-bone palaeohistology: the example of the Permian branchiosaurid Apateon. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 339, 139–149. doi:10.1144/SP339.12
   Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. 1992. Comparative ontogeny of early Permian branchiosaurid amphibians from southwestern Germany. Developmental stages. Palaeontographica A, 222, 43–83.
   Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. 2002. The evolution of metamorphosis in temnospondyls. Lethaia, 35, 309–327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. 2003. Early larval ontogeny of the Permo-Carboniferous temnospondyl Sclerocephalus. Palaeontology, 46, 1055–1072.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. 2004. Skeleton formation in the Branchiosauridae as a case study in comparing ontogenetic trajectories. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24, 309–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. 2012. Character distribution and phylogeny of the dissorophid temnospondyls. Fossil Record, 15, 119–135.
   Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. 2013. The evolution of major clades of temnospondyls: an inclusive phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 11, 673–705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. 2014a. First evidence of the branchiosaurid temnospondyl Leptorophus in the Permian of the Saar Nahe basin (W-Germany). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 272, 225–236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. 2014b. Life cycles, plasticity and palaeoecology in temnospondyl amphibians. Palaeontology, 57, 517–529.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. 2019. The putative stem group of the Lissamphibia: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls. Journal of Paleontology, 93, 137–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. 2021. The life cycle in late Paleozoic eryopid temnospondyls: developmental variation, plasticity and phylogeny. Fossil Record, 24, 295–319.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. & Milner, A. R. 2004. Structure and implications of theories on the origin of lissamphibians. Pp. 345–377 in G. Arratia, M. V. H. Wilson & R. Cloutier (eds) Recent advances in the origin and early radiation of vertebrates. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich.
   Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. & Rubidge, B. S. 2005. The amphibamid Micropholis stowi from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25, 502–522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. & Fröbisch, N. B. 2006. Metamorphosis and neoteny: alternative developmental pathways in an extinct amphibian clade. Evolution, 60, 1467–1475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. & Milner, A. R. 2008. The intrarelationships and evolutionary history of the temnospondyl family Branchiosauridae. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 6, 409–431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. & Sues, H.-D. 2013. A new dissorophid temnospondyl from the Lower Permian of North-Central Texas. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 12, 437–445.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. & Milner, A. R. 2014. Temnospondyli. Pp. 1–150 in H. D. Sues (ed.) Encyclopedia of paleoherpetology. Part 3A2. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich.
   Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. & Seegis, D. 2016. A Middle Triassic palaeontological gold mine: The vertebrate deposits of Vellberg (Germany). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 459, 249–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. & Witzmann, F. 2018. Morphology of the Late Carboniferous temnospondyl Limnogyrinus elegans, and the evolutionary history of the Micromelerpetidae. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 289, 293–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R., Henrici, A. C. & Hook, R. W. 2020. A new dissorophoid temnospondyl from the Allegheny Group (Late Westphalian, Carboniferous) of Five Points, Mahoning County, Ohio (USA). Journal of Paleontology, 95, 638–651. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch, R. R. & Milner, A. R. 2021. Morphology and relationships of the temnospondyl Macrerpeton huxleyi from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio (USA). Neues Jahrbuch für Gologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 299, 77–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sequeira, S. E. K. 2009. The postcranium of Cochleosaurus bohemicus Frič, a primitive Upper Carboniferous temnospondyl from the Czech Republic. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 81, 137–153.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, G. & Nodder, F. P. 1789. The naturalist’s miscellany, or coloured figures of natural objects; drawn and described from nature. Volume 9. Nodder & Co., London.
   Google Scholar
• Sigurdsen, T. & Bolt, J. R. 2010. The Lower Permian amphibamid Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea), the interrelationships of amphibamids, and the origin of modern amphibians. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 30, 1360–1377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigurdsen, T. & Green, D. M. 2011. The origin of modern amphibians: a re-evaluation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 162, 457–469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder, R. C. 1956. Comparative features of the life histories of Ambystoma gracile (Baird) from populations at low and high altitudes. Copeia, 1, 41–50.
   Google Scholar
• Steyer, J. S. 2000. Ontogeny and phylogeny in temnospondyls: a new method of analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 130, 449–467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, D. M. S. 1940. The origin of frogs. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 60, 195–231.
   Google Scholar
• Werneburg, R. 1987. Dissorophoiden (Amphibia, Rhachitomi) aus dem Westfal D (Oberkarbon) der ČSSR. Branchiosaurus salamandroides Fritsch 1876. Zeitschrift für geologische Wissenschaften, 15, 681–690.
   Google Scholar
• Werneburg, R. 1991. Die Branchiosaurier aus dem Unterrotliegend des Döhlener Beckens bei Dresden. Veröffentlichungen des Naturhistorischen Museums Schleusingen, 6, 75–99.
   Google Scholar
• Werneburg, R. 2001. Apateon dracyiensis – eine frühe Pionierform der Branchiosaurier aus dem Europäischen Rotliegend Teil 1: Morphologie. Veröffentlichungen des Naturhistorischen Museums Schleusingen, 16, 17–36.
   Google Scholar
• Werneburg, R. 2007. Timeless design: colored pattern of skin in Early Permian branchiosaurid (Temnospodyli: Dissorophoidea). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 27, 1047–1050.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werneburg, R. 2009. The Permotriassic branchiosaurid Tungussogyrinus Efremov, 1939 (Temnospondyli, Dissorophoidea) from Siberia restudied. Fossil Record, 12, 105–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werneburg, R. 2012. Dissorophoide Amphibien aus dem Westphalian D (Ober-Karbon) von Nýřany in Böhmen (Tschechische Republik) – der Schlüssel zum Verständnis der frühen „Branchiosaurier“. Semana, 27, 3–50.
   Google Scholar
• Werneburg, R. 2019. Dissorophoid amphibians from the Carboniferous–Permian boundary of France. Semana, 34, 11–51.
   Google Scholar
• Werneburg, R. 2020. Zur Morphologie großer Branchiosaurier (Amphibamiformes) aus dem Rotliegend (Unter-Perm) des Saar-Nahe-Beckens. Semana, 35, 39–54.
   Google Scholar
• Werneburg, R., Schneider, J. & Lucas, S. G. 2008. The marine-lagoonal and lacustrine fossillagerstätte Kinney Brick quarry from the Upper Pennsylvanian of New Mexico. Pp. 51 in S. Štamberg & J. Zajíc (eds) Faunas and palaeoenvironment of the Late Palaeozoic. Special Publication to 5th Symposium on Permo-Carboniferous Faunas, Hradec Králové.
   Google Scholar
• Werneburg, R., Schneider, J. & Lucas, S. G. 2013. The dissorophoid Milnererpeton huberi (Temnospondyli) from the Late Pennsylvanian Kinney Brick Quarry in New Mexico restudied – paleontology, paleoenvironment, and age. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 59, 349–369.
   Google Scholar
• Werneburg, R., Schneider, J. & Lucas, S. G. 2021. The “amphibamid” and “branchiosaurid” morphotype in the dissorophoid Milnererpeton huberi (Temnospondyli), from the Late Pennsylvanian Kinney Brick Quarry in New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 84, 425–432.
   Google Scholar
• Whiteman, H. 1994. Evolution of facultative paedomorphosis in salamanders. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 69, 205–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiens, J. F., Bonett, R. M. & Chippindale, P. T. 2005. Ontogeny discombobulates phylogeny: paedomorphosis and higher-level salamander relationships. Systematic Biology, 54, 91–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witzmann, F. 2004. The external gills of Palaeozoic emphibians. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 232, 375–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witzmann, F. 2006. Cranial morphology and ontogeny of the Permo-Carboniferous temnospondyl Archegosaurus decheni Goldfuss, 1847 from the Saar–Nahe Basin, Germany. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth and Environmental Sciences, 96, 375–401.
   Google Scholar
• Witzmann, F. 2013. Phylogenetic patterns of character evolution in the hyobranchial apparatus of early tetrapods. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth and Environmental Sciences, 104, 145–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witzmann, F. & Pfretzschner, H. U. 2003. Larval ontogeny of Micromelerpeton credneri (Temnospondyli, Dissorophoidea). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 750–768.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witzmann, F. & Schoch, R. R. 2006. Skeletal development of Acanthostomatops vorax from the Döhlen Basin of Saxony. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 96, 365–385.
   Google Scholar
• Witzmann, F. & Werneburg, I. 2017. The palatal interpterygoid vacuities of temnospondyls and the implications for the associated eye‐and jaw musculature. The Anatomical Record, 300, 1240–1269.
   Google Scholar