285
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A new proterochampsid (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsia) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil and the emergence of archosaurian hind limb traits

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Pages 1-19 | Received 22 Jun 2022, Accepted 21 Sep 2022, Published online: 03 Nov 2022

References

  • Arcucci, A. B. 1989. Revisión preliminar de Proterochampsa Reig 1959 (Triásico Superior de Argentina y Brasil). Ameghiniana, 26, 3–4.
  • Arcucci, A. B. 1990. Un nuevo Proterochampsidae (Reptilia-Archosauriformes) de la fauna local de Los Chañares (Triásico Medio), La Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 27, 365–378.
  • Arcucci, A. B., Previtera, M. E. & Mancuso, A. C. 2019. Ecomorphology and bone microstructure of Proterochampsia from the Chañares Formation. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 64, 157–170.
  • Baczko, M. B., Desojo, J. B. & Ponce, D. 2019. Postcranial anatomy and osteoderm histology of Riojasuchus tenuisceps and a phylogenetic update on Ornithosuchidae (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 39, e1693396. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1693396
  • Barberena, M. C. 1982. Uma nova espécie de Proterochampsa (P. nodosa, sp. nov.) do Triássico do Brasil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 54, 127–141.
  • Baron, M. G., Norman, D. B. & Barrett, P. M. 2017. A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution. Nature, 543, 501–506.
  • Bestwick, J., Godoy, P. L., Maidment, S. C., Ezcurra, M. D., Wroe, M., Raven, T. J., Bonsor, J. A. & Butler, R. J. 2022. Relative skull size evolution in Mesozoic archosauromorphs: potential drivers and morphological uniqueness of erythrosuchid archosauriforms. Palaeontology, 65, e12599. doi:10.1111/pala.12599
  • Bonaparte, J. F. 1971. Los tetrapodos del sector superior de La Formacion Los Colorados, La Rioja, Argentina (Triasico Superior). Parte I. Opera Lilloana, 22, 1–183.
  • Bonaparte, J. F. 1978. El Mesozoico de América del Sur y sus Tetrápodos. Opera Lilloana, 26, 1–596.
  • Butler, R. J., Jones, A. S., Buffetaut, E., Mandl, G. W., Scheyer, T. M. & Schultz, O. 2019. Description and phylogenetic placement of a new marine species of phytosaur (Archosauriformes: Phytosauria) from the Late Triassic of Austria. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 187, 198–228.
  • Cabreira, S. F., Schultz, C. L., Bittencourt, J. S., Soares, M. B., Fortier, D. C., Silva, L. R. & Langer, M. C. 2011. New stem-sauropodomorph (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Triassic of Brazil. Naturwissenschaften, 98, 1035–1040.
  • Cabreira, S. F., Kellner, A. W. A., Dias-da-Silva, S., Roberto-da-Silva, L., Bronzati, M., Marsola, J. C., Müller, R. T., Bittencourt, J. S., Batista, B. J., Raugust. T., Carrilho, R. & Langer, M. C. 2016. A unique Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage reveals dinosaur ancestral anatomy and diet. Current Biology, 26, 3090–3095.
  • Clark, J. M. & Sues, H.-D. 2002. Two new basal crocodylomorph archosaurs from the Lower Jurassic and the monophyly of the Sphenosuchia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 136, 77–95.
  • Cruickshank, A. 1979. The ankle joint in some early archosaurs. South African Journal of Science, 75, 168–178.
  • Dal Corso, J., Bernardi, M., Sun, Y., Song, H., Seyfullah, L. J., Preto, N., Gianolla, P., Ruffell, A., Kustatscher, E., Roghi, G., Merico, A., Hohn, S., Schmidt, A. R., Marzoli, A., Newton, R. J., Wignall, P. B. & Benton, M. J. 2020. Extinction and dawn of the modern world in the Carnian (Late Triassic). Science Advances, 6, eaba0099. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba0099
  • Desojo, J. B., Ezcurra, M. D. & Schultz, C. L. 2011. An unusual new archosauriform from the Middle–Late Triassic of southern Brazil and the monophyly of Doswelliidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 839–871.
  • Desojo, J. B., Fiorelli, L. E., Ezcurra, M. D., Martinelli, A. G., Ramezani, J., Da-Rosa, Á., Baczko, M. B., Trotteyn, M. J., Montefeltro, F. C., Ezpeleta, M. & Langer, M. C. 2020. The Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation at Cerro Las Lajas (La Rioja, Argentina): fossil tetrapods, high-resolution chronostratigraphy, and faunal correlations. Scientific Reports, 10, 12782. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67854-1
  • Dilkes, D. W. 1998. The Early Triassic rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni and the interrelationships of basal archosauromorph reptiles. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 353, 501–541.
  • Ezcurra, M. D. 2016. The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms. PeerJ, 4, e1778. doi:10.7717/peerj.1778
  • Ezcurra, M. D., Desojo, J. B. & Rauhut, O. W. M. 2015. Redescription and phylogenetic relationships of the proterochampsid Rhadinosuchus gracilis (Diapsida: Archosauriformes) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil. Ameghiniana, 52, 391–417. doi:10.5710/AMGH.28.04.2015.2867
  • Ezcurra, M. D., Fiorelli, L. E., Martinelli, A. G., Rocher, S., von Baczko, M. B., Ezpeleta, M., Taborda, J. R. A., Hechenleitner, E. M., Trotteyn, M. J. & Desojo, J. B. 2017. Deep faunistic turnovers preceded the rise of dinosaurs in southwestern Pangaea. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1, 1477–1483.
  • Ezcurra, M. D., Gower, D. J., Sennikov, A. G. & Butler, R. J. 2019. The osteology of the holotype of the early erythrosuchid Garjainia prima (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha) from the upper Lower Triassic of European Russia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 185, 717–783.
  • Ezcurra, M. D., Nesbitt, S. J., Bronzati, M., Dalla Vecchia, F. M., Agnolin, F. L., Benson, R. B., Brissón Egli, F., Cabreira, S. F., Evers, S. W. & Gentil, A. R. 2020a. Enigmatic dinosaur precursors bridge the gap to the origin of Pterosauria. Nature, 588, 445–449.
  • Ezcurra, M. D., Jones, A. S. Gentil, A. R. & Butler, R. J. 2020b. Early archosauromorphs: the crocodile and dinosaur precursors. Pp. 1–11 in B. Fath (ed.) Encyclopedia of geology. Second Edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Ezcurra, M. D., Montefeltro, F. C., Pinheiro, F. L., Trotteyn, M. J., Gentil, A. R., Lehmann, O. E. & Pradelli, L. A. 2021. The stem-archosaur evolutionary radiation in South America. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 105, 102935. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102935
  • Ezcurra, M. D. & Sues, H.-D. 2021. A re-assessment of the osteology and phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic, large-headed reptile Sphodrosaurus pennsylvanicus (Late Triassic, Pennsylvania, USA) indicates archosauriform affinities. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 19, 1643–1677. doi:10.1080/14772019.2022.2057820
  • Garcia, M. S., Müller, R. T., Da-Rosa, Á. A. & Dias-da-Silva, S. 2019. The oldest known co-occurrence of dinosaurs and their closest relatives: a new lagerpetid from a Carnian (Upper Triassic) bed of Brazil with implications for dinosauromorph biostratigraphy, early diversification and biogeography. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 91, 302–319.
  • Gauthier, J., Kluge, A. G. & Rowe, T. 1988. Amniote phylogeny and the importance of fossils. Cladistics, 4, 105–209.
  • Goloboff, P. A. & Catalano, S. A. 2016. TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics. Cladistics, 32, 221–238.
  • Griffin, C. & Nesbitt, S. J. 2016. The femoral ontogeny and long bone histology of the Middle Triassic (?late Anisian) dinosauriform Asilisaurus kongwe and implications for the growth of early dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 36, e1111224. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1111224
  • Griffin, C. T., Bano, L. S., Turner, A. H., Smith, N. D., Irmis, R. B. & Nesbitt, S. J. 2019. Integrating gross morphology and bone histology to assess skeletal maturity in early dinosauromorphs: new insights from Dromomeron (Archosauria: Dinosauromorpha). PeerJ, 7, e6331. doi:10.7717/peerj.6331
  • Horn, B., Melo, T., Schultz, C., Philipp, R., Kloss, H. & Goldberg, K. 2014. A new third-order sequence stratigraphic framework applied to the Triassic of the Paraná Basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on structural, stratigraphic and paleontological data. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 55, 123–132.
  • Huene, F. 1938. Die fossilen Reptilien des südamerikanischen Gondwanalandes. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, 3, 142–151.
  • Huene, F. 1946. Die grossen Stämme der Tetrapoden in den geologischen Zeiten. Biologisches Zentralblatt, 65, 268–275.
  • Hutchinson, J. R. 2001. The evolution of femoral osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 131, 169–197.
  • Kellner, A. W., Holgado, B., Grillo, O., Pretto, F. A., Kerber, L., Pinheiro, F. L., Soares, M. B., Schultz, C. L., Lopes, R. T., Araújo, O. & Müller, R. T. 2022. Reassessment of Faxinalipterus minimus, a purported Triassic pterosaur from southern Brazil with the description of a new taxon. PeerJ, 10, e13276. doi:10.7717/peerj.13276
  • Kischlat, E.-E. 2000. Tecodôncios: a aurora dos arcossáurios no Triássico. Pp. 273–316 in M. Holz & L. F. De Ross (eds) Paleontologia do Rio Grande do Sul. CIGO/UFRGS, Porto Alegre.
  • Langer, M. C., Ribeiro, A. M., Schultz, C. L. & Ferigolo, J. 2007. The continental tetrapod-bearing Triassic of south Brazil. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 41, 201–218.
  • Langer, M. C. & Ferigolo, J. 2013. The Late Triassic dinosauromorph Sacisaurus agudoensis (Caturrita Formation; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil): anatomy and affinities. Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 379, 353–392.
  • Maidment, S. C. R., Sennikov, A. G., Ezcurra, M. D., Dunne, E. M., Gower, D. J., Hedrick, B. P., Meade, L. E., Raven, T. J., Paschchenko, D. I. & Butler, R. J. 2020. The postcranial skeleton of the erythrosuchid archosauriform Garjainia prima from the Early Triassic of European Russia. Royal Society Open Science, 7, 201089. doi:10.1098/rsos.201089
  • Martínez, R. N., Apaldetti, C., Alcober, O. A., Colombi, C. E., Sereno, P. C., Fernandez, E., Malnis, P. S., Correa, G. A. & Abelin, D. 2013. Vertebrate succession in the Ischigualasto Formation. Memoir of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 12, 10–30.
  • Müller, R. T. 2022. On the presence and shape of anterolateral scars in the ontogenetic series of femora for two early sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of Brazil. Paleontological Research, 26, 1–7. doi:10.2517/PR200001
  • Müller, R. T. & Garcia, M. S. 2020. Rise of an empire: analyzing the high diversity of the earliest sauropodomorph dinosaurs through distinct hypotheses. Historical Biology, 32, 1334–1339.
  • Müller, R. T., von Baczko, M. B., Desojo, J. B. & Nesbitt, S. J. 2020a. The first ornithosuchid from Brazil and its macroevolutionary and phylogenetic implications for Late Triassic faunas in Gondwana. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 65, 1–10.
  • Müller, R. T., Garcia, M. S. & Pretto, F. A. 2020b. Comments on additional dinosaur specimens from the Janner site (Upper Triassic of the Paraná Basin), southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 23, 171–184.
  • Müller, R. T. & Garcia, M. S. 2022. A sauropodomorph (Dinosauria, Saurischia) specimen from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil and the early increase in size in Sauropodomorpha. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 41, e2002879. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.2002879
  • Nesbitt, S. J. 2011. The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 352, 1–292.
  • Nesbitt, S. J., Sidor, C. A., Irmis, R. B., Angielczyk, K. D., Smith, R. M. & Tsuji, L. A. 2010. Ecologically distinct dinosaurian sister group shows early diversification of Ornithodira. Nature, 464, 95–98.
  • Nesbitt, S. J., Butler, R. J., Ezcurra, M. D., Charig, A. J. & Barrett, P. M. 2017. The anatomy of Teleocrater rhadinus, an early avemetatarsalian from the lower portion of the Lifua Member of the Manda Beds (Middle Triassic). Memoir of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17, 142–177.
  • Nesbitt, S. J., Stocker, M. R., Ezcurra, M. D., Fraser, N. C., Heckert, A. B., Parker, W. G., Mueller, B., Sengupta, S., Bandyopadhyay, S., Pritchard, A. C. & Marsh, A. D. 2022. Widespread azendohsaurids (Archosauromorpha, Allokotosauria) from the Late Triassic of western USA and India. Papers in Palaeontology, 8, e1413. doi:10.1002/spp2.1413
  • Novas, F. E., Agnolin, F. L., Ezcurra, M. D., Müller, R. T., Martinelli, A. G. & Langer, M. C. 2021. Review of the fossil record of early dinosaurs from South America, and its phylogenetic implications. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 110, 103341.
  • Oliveira, T. V. de, Soares, M. B. & Schultz, C. L. 2010. Trucidocynodon riograndensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Eucynodontia), a new cynodont from the Brazilian Upper Triassic (Santa Maria Formation). Zootaxa, 2382, 1–71.
  • Piechowski, R., Tałanda, M. & Dzik, J. 2014. Skeletal variation and ontogeny of the Late Triassic dinosauriform Silesaurus opolensis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34, 1383–1393.
  • Pintore, R., Houssaye, A., Nesbitt, S. J. & Hutchinson, J. R. 2022. Femoral specializations to locomotor habits in early archosauriforms. Journal of Anatomy, 240, 867–892.
  • Pretto, F. A., Langer, M. C. & Schultz, C. L. 2019. A new dinosaur (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Brazil provides insights on the evolution of sauropodomorph body plan. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 185, 388–416.
  • Price, L. I. 1946. Sobre um novo pseudosuquio do Triássico Superior do Rio Grande do Sul. Boletim Divisão de Geología e Mineralogía, 120, 1–38.
  • Raugust, T., Lacerda, M. & Schultz, C. L. 2013. The first occurrence of Chanaresuchus bonapartei (Archosauriformes, Proterochampsia) of the Middle Triassic of Brazil from the Santacruzodon Assemblage Zone, Santa Maria Formation (Paraná Basin). Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 379, 303–318.
  • Reig, O. A. 1959. Primeros datos descriptivos sobre nuevos reptiles arcosaurios del Triásico de Ischigualasto (San Juan, Argentina). Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 13, 257–270.
  • Roberto-Da-Silva, L. C., Desojo, J. B., Cabreira, S. R. F., Aires, A. S. S., Müller, R. T., Pacheco, C. P. & Dias-Da-Silva, S. R. 2014. A new aetosaur from the Upper Triassic of the Santa Maria Formation, southern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3764, 240–278.
  • Roberto-Da-Silva, L., Müller, R. T., França, M. A. G. D., Cabreira, S. F. & Dias-Da-Silva, S. 2020. An impressive skeleton of the giant top predator Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Pseudosuchia: Loricata) from the Triassic of Southern Brazil, with phylogenetic remarks. Historical Biology, 32, 976–995.
  • Romer, A. S. 1971. The Chãnares (Argentina) Triassic reptile fauna. X. Two new but incompletely known long-limbed pseudosuchians. Breviora, 378, 1–10.
  • Schultz, C. L., Martinelli, A. G., Soares, M. B., Pinheiro, F. L., Kerber, L., Horn, B. L., Pretto, F. A., Müller, R. T. & Melo, T. P. 2020. Triassic faunal successions of the Paraná Basin, southern Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 104, 102846. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102846
  • Sereno, P. C. 1991. Basal archosaurs: phylogenetic relationships and functional implications. Memoir of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2, 1–53.
  • Sereno, P. C. & Arcucci, A. B. 1990. The monophyly of the crurotarsal archosaurs and the origin of birds and crocodile ankle joints. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 180, 21–52.
  • Sill, W. D. 1967. Proterochampsa barrionuevoi and the early evolution of the Crocodilia. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 135, 415–446.
  • Simão-Oliveira, D., Pinheiro, F. L., De Andrade, M. B. & Pretto, F. A. 2022. Redescription, taxonomic revaluation and phylogenetic affinities of Proterochampsa nodosa (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsidae) from the early Late Triassic of the Candelaria Sequence (Santa Maria Supersequence). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac048
  • Spiekman, S. N. F. 2018. A new specimen of Prolacerta broomi from the lower Fremouw Formation (Early Triassic) of Antarctica, its biogeographical implications and a taxonomic revision. Scientific Reports, 8, 17996. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36499-6
  • Spiekman, S. N. F. & Scheyer, T. M. 2019. A taxonomic revision of the genus Tanystropheus (Archosauromorpha, Tanystropheidae). Palaeontologia Electronica, 22(3), 80. doi:10.26879/1038
  • Spiekman, S. N. F., Ezcurra, M. D., Butler, R. J., Fraser, N. C. & Maidment, S. C. 2021. Pendraig milnerae, a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales. Royal Society Open Science, 8, 210915. doi:10.1098/rsos.210915
  • Trotteyn, M. J. 2011. Material postcraneano de Proterochampsa barrionuevoi Reig 1959 (Diapsida: Archosauriformes) del Triásico Superior del centro-oeste de Argentina. Ameghiniana, 48, 424–446.
  • Trotteyn, M. J. & Haro, J. A. 2011. The braincase of a specimen of Proterochampsa Reig (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsidae) from the Late Triassic of Argentina. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 85, 1–17.
  • Trotteyn, M. J., Martínez, R. N. & Alcober, O. A. 2012. A new proterochampsid Chanaresuchus ischigualastensis (Diapsida, Archosauriformes) in the early Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 32, 485–489.
  • Trotteyn, M. J., Arcucci, A. B. & Raugust, T. 2013. Proterochampsia: an endemic archosauriform clade from South America. Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 379, 59–90.
  • Trotteyn, M. J. & Ezcurra, M. D. 2014. Osteology of Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis gen. et comb. nov. (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsidae) from the early Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina. PLoS ONE, 9, e111388. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111388
  • Trotteyn, M. J. & Ezcurra, M. D. 2020. Redescription of the holotype of Chanaresuchus bonapartei Romer, 1971 (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsidae) from the Upper Triassic rocks of the Chañares Formation of north-western Argentina. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 18, 1415–1443.
  • Wilson, J. A. & Upchurch, P. 2003. A revision of Titanosaurus Lydekker (Dinosauria‐Sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 1, 125–160.
  • Zerfass, H., Lavina, E. L., Schultz, C. L., Garcia, A. J. V., Faccini, U. F. & Chemale, F. Jr. 2003. Sequence stratigraphy of continental Triassic strata of Southernmost Brazil: a contribution to Southwestern Gondwana palaeogeography and palaeoclimate. Sedimentary Geology, 161, 85–105. doi:10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00397-4

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.