What is influencing consumer expenditure and intention to revisit? An investigation of marathon events

References

• Ajzen , I. 1991 . The theory of planned behavior . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 50 ( 2 ) : 179 – 211 . (doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen, A. (1999) Economic Impact Study of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games: Centre for Regional Economic Analysis, University of Tasmania.
   Google Scholar
• Assael , H. 1998 . Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action , New York : South-Western College .
   Google Scholar
• Beech , J. and Chadwick , S. 2007 . The Marketing of Sport , Essex : Pearson Education Limited .
   Google Scholar
• Bigné, J. E., Sánchez, M. I. & Sánchez, J. (2001) Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour: Inter-relationship. Tourism Management, 22(6), pp. 607–616.
   Google Scholar
• Breuer , C. , Ebbert , S. and Haase , A. 2006 . Ökonomische Effekte der World Equestrian Games Aachen 2006 , Köln : Institut für Sportökonomie und Sportmanagement .
   Google Scholar
• Brunet , F. 1995 . “ An economic analysis of the Barcelona'92 olympic games: Resources, financing and impact ” . In The Keys to Success: The Social, Sporting, Economic and Communications Impact of Barcelona'92 , Edited by: Botella , M. d. M. M. 203 – 237 . Barcelona : Servei de Publicacions de la UAB .
   Google Scholar
• Cannon , T. F. and Ford , J. 2002 . Relationship of demographic and trip characteristics to visitor spending: An analysis of sports travel visitors across time . Tourism Economics , 8 ( 3 ) : 263 – 271 . (doi:10.5367/000000002101298106)
   Google Scholar
• Case , R. 2010 . “ A longitudinal study to examine the direct spending patterns of half Marathon participants over a four year period ” . In Abstract Book of the 25th Annual Conference of the North American Society for Sports Management , Edited by: NASSM . 475 Tampa , FL : NASSM .
   Google Scholar
• Chalip , L. and McGuitry , J. 2004 . Bundling sport events with the host destination . Journal of Sport Tourism , 9 ( 3 ) : 267 – 282 . (doi:10.1080/1477508042000320241)
   Google Scholar
• Chhabra , D. , Sills , E. and Rea , P. 2002 . Tourist expenditures at heritage festivals . Event Management , 7 ( 4 ) : 221 – 230 .
   Google Scholar
• Cobb , S. and Olberding , D. J. 2007 . The importance of import substitutions in Marathon economic impact analysis . International Journal of Sport Finance , 2 ( 2 ) : 108 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels , M. J. and Norman , W. C. 2003 . Estimating the economic impacts of seven regular sport tourism events . Journal of Sport Tourism , 8 ( 4 ) : 214 – 222 . (doi:10.1080/1477508032000161528)
   Google Scholar
• Deery , M. and Jago , L. 2005 . The management of sport tourism . Sport in Society , 8 ( 2 ) : 378 – 389 . (doi:10.1080/17430430500087252)
   Google Scholar
• Eagly , A. H. and Chaiken , S. 1993 . The Psychology of Attitudes , Fort Worth , TX : HBJ .
   Google Scholar
• Freyer , W. 2002 . “ Sport-tourismus – Forschungsstand und Forschungslücken ” . In Tourismus und Sport-Events , Edited by: Freyer , W. and Groß , S. 7 – 34 . Dresden : FIT-Forschungsinstitut für Tourismus .
   Google Scholar
• Funk , D. C. , Toohey , K. and Bruun , T. 2007 . International sport event participation: Prior sport involvement; destination image; and travel motives . European Sport Management Quarterly , 7 ( 3 ) : 227 – 248 . (doi:10.1080/16184740701511011)
   Google Scholar
• Gans , P. , Horn , M. and Zemann , C. 2003 . Sportgroßveranstaltungen – ökonomische, ökologische und soziale Wirkungen , Schorndorf : Hofmann .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , H. 1998 . Active sport tourism: Who participates? . Leisure Studies , 17 ( 2 ) : 155 – 170 . (doi:10.1080/026143698375213)
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , H. J. , Qi , C. X. and Zhang , J. J. 2008 . Destination image and intent to visit China and the 2008 Bejing olympic games . Journal of Sport Management , 22 ( 4 ) : 427 – 450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gratton , C. 2004 . “ The economic impact of major sport events ” . In Events im Sport – Marketing, Management, Finanzierung , Edited by: Horch , H.-D. , Heydel , J. and Sierau , A. 39 – 47 . Köln : Institut für Sportökonomie und Sportmanagement .
   Google Scholar
• Hair , J. , Black , W. and Babin , B. 2006 . Multivariate Data Analysis , New Jersey : Pearson Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Hallmann , K. 2010 . Zur Funktionsweise von Sportevents – Imagepassfähigkeit und Interdependenzen zwischen Sportevents [How sport events are operated – image congruence and interdependencies between sport events and destinations] , Saarbrücken : SVH .
   Google Scholar
• Hallmann , K. , Kaplanidou , K. and Breuer , C. 2010 . Event image perceptions among active and passive sport tourists at Marathon races . International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship , 12 ( 1 ) : 37 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homburg , C. , Hoyer , W. and Koschate , N. 2005 . Customers’ reactions to price increase: Do customer satisfaction and perceived motive fairness matter? . Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 33 ( 1 ) : 36 – 49 . (doi:10.1177/0092070304269953)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphreys , J. M. and Plummer , M. K. 1995 . The Economic Impact on the State of Georgia of Hosting the 1996 Summer Olympic Games , Georgia : Selig Center for Economic Growth, University of Georgia .
   Google Scholar
• Jago , L. and Shaw , R. N. 1998 . Special events: A conceptual and definitional framework . Festival Management & Event Tourism , 5 ( 1–2 ) : 21 – 32 . (doi:10.3727/106527098792186775)
   Google Scholar
• Kaplanidou , K. 2007 . Affective event and destination image: Their influence on Olympic travelers’ behavioral intentions . Event Management , 10 ( 2/3 ) : 159 – 173 . (doi:10.3727/152599507780676706)
   Google Scholar
• Kaplanidou , K. and Gibson , H. J. 2010 . Predicting behavioral intentions of active event sport tourists: The case of a small-scale recurring sports event . Journal of Sport & Tourism , 15 ( 2 ) : 163 – 179 . (doi:10.1080/14775085.2010.498261)
   Google Scholar
• Kaplanidou , K. and Vogt , C. 2007 . The interrelationship between sport event and destination image and sport tourists’ behaviours . Journal of Sport Tourism , 12 ( 3/4 ) : 183 – 206 . (doi:10.1080/14775080701736932)
   Google Scholar
• Kaplanidou , K. , Funk , D. C. , Buta , N. and Goutzioupas , G. 2009 . “ The event image of the Athens Marathon from the sport tourist Marathon runners’ perspective: A qualitative and quantitative approach ” . In Conference Proceedings of the 17th EASM Conference “Best practice in sport facility and event management” , Edited by: Westerbeek , H. and Fahlstrom , P. G. 219 – 220 . Nieuwegein , , The Netherlands : Arko Sports Media .
   Google Scholar
• Kasimati , E. 2008 . “ Economic aspects and the summer olympics – a review of related research ” . In Sport & Tourism – a Reader , Edited by: Weed , M. 314 – 327 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , H. J. , Gursoy , D. and Lee , S.-B. 2006 . The impact of the 2002 world cup on South Korea: Comparisons of pre- and post-games . Tourism Management , 27 ( 1 ) : 86 – 96 . (doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2004.07.010)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotler , P. 1997 . Marketing Management – Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Control , Upper Saddle River , NJ : Prentice Hall International .
   Google Scholar
• Kurscheidt , M. 2002 . “ Tourismuswirtschaft und sport-mega-events: das Beispiel der Fußball-WM 2006 ” . In Tourismus und Sportevents , Edited by: Freyer , W. and Groß , S. 35 – 69 . Dresden : FIT-Forschungsinstitut für Tourismus .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , T. H. 2009 . A structural model to examine how destination image, attitude, and motivation affect the future behavior of tourists . Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 31 ( 3 ) : 215 – 236 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , S. Y. , Petrick , J. F. and Crompton , J. 2007 . The roles of quality and intermediary constructs in determining festival attendees’ behavioral intention . Journal of Travel Research , 45 ( 4 ) : 402 – 412 . (doi:10.1177/0047287507299566)
   Google Scholar
• Maennig , W. 2003 . Sonderfinanzierungsmittel für Großveranstaltungen – Manna vom Himmel? [Special financing for large events – manna from heaven?] . Wirtschaftsdienst , 6 ( 6 ) : 392 – 398 .
   Google Scholar
• Mullin , B. J. , Hardy , S. and Sutton , W. A. 2007 . Sport Marketing , Champaign , , USA : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Oliver , R. L. 1997 . Satisfaction: A Behavioral Perspective on the Consumer , New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Pennington-Gray , L. and Holdnak , A. 2002 . Out of the stands and into the community: Using sports events to promote a destination . Event Management , 7 ( 3 ) : 177 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Petrick , J. F. 2004 . The roles of quality, value, and satisfaction in predicting cruise passengers’ behavioral intentions . Journal of Travel Research , 42 ( 4 ) : 397 – 407 . (doi:10.1177/0047287504263037)
   Google Scholar
• Petrick , J. F. , Morais , D. D. and Norman , W. C. 2001 . An examination of the determinants of entertainment vacationers’ intentions to revisit . Journal of Travel Research , 40 ( 1 ) : 41 – 48 . (doi:10.1177/004728750104000106)
   Google Scholar
• Preuss , H. 2004a . Calculating the regional economic impact of the Olympic Games . European Sport Management Quarterly , 4 ( 4 ) : 234 – 253 . (doi:10.1080/16184740408737479)
   Google Scholar
• Preuss , H. 2004b . The Economics of Staging the Olympics , Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Preuss , H. 2005 . The economic impact of visitors at major multi-sport events . European Sport Management Quarterly , 5 ( 3 ) : 281 – 301 . (doi:10.1080/16184740500190710)
   Google Scholar
• Preuss , H. , Kurscheidt , M. and Schütte , N. 2009 . Ökonomie des Tourismus durch Sportgroßveranstaltungen. Eine empirische Analyse zur Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 2006 , Wiesbaden : Gabler .
   Google Scholar
• Rütter, H., Stettler, J., Armstutz, M., Birrer, D., Breiter, M., Laesser, C., Landolt, M., Liebrich, A., Marti, B., Mehr, R., Müller, H., Scherly, F. & Schmid, F.(2002) Volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung von Sportgrossanlässen in der Schweiz. Available at http://www.sportevent-scorecard.ch/pdf/schlussbericht.pdf (accessed 19 March 2006).
   Google Scholar
• Scheerder , J. , Vos , S. and Pauwels , G. 2009 . “ Actuele omvang van de Vlaamse loopsportmarkt: socio-culturele en socio-economische profielen van loopsporters ” . In Vlanderen loopt! Sociaal-wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar de loopsportmarkt , Edited by: Scheerder , J. and Boen , F. 153 – 218 . Gent : Academia Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schurack , C. 2003 . Die Bedeutung von Großveranstaltungen im Sport-Tourismus – dargestellt am Beispiel des Berlin Marathons 2001 , Marburg : Tectum Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Shilbury , D. , Westerbeek , H. , Quick , S. and Funk , D. C. 2009 . Strategic Sport Marketing , Crows Nest , NSW : Allen & Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Shipway , R. and Jones , I. 2008 . The great suburban everest: An insider's perspective on experiences at the 2007 Flora London Marathon . Journal of Sport & Tourism , 13 ( 1 ) : 61 – 77 . (doi:10.1080/14775080801972213)
   Google Scholar
• Statista GmbH (2011) Number of marathon events in Germany 1999–2010. Available at http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/6021/umfrage/anzahl-der-marathon-laeufe-in-deutschland-seit-1999/ (accessed 20 July 2011).
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 2007 . Using Multivariate Statistics , Boston , MA : Allyn & Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Turco , D. M. , Swart , K. , Bob , U. and Moodley , V. 2003 . Socio-economic impact of sport tourism in the Durban Unicity . South Africa, Journal of Sport Tourism , 8 ( 4 ) : 223 – 239 .
   Google Scholar
• Veltri , F. R. , Miller , J. and Harris , A. 2009 . Club sport national tournament: Economic impact of a small event on a mid-size community . Recreational Sports Journal , 33 ( 2 ) : 119 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Walo , M. , Bull , A. and Breen , H. 1996 . Achieving economic benefits at local events: A case study of a local sports event . Festival Management and Event Tourism , 4 ( 3 ) : 95 – 106 . (doi:10.3727/106527096792195353)
   Google Scholar
• Wells , W. D. 1975 . Psychographics: A critical review . Journal of Marketing Research , 12 ( 5 ) : 196 – 213 . (doi:10.2307/3150443)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wicker , P. , Breuer , C. and Pawlowski , T. 2010 . Are sports club members big spenders?: Findings from sport specific analyses in Germany . Sport Management Review , 13 ( 3 ) : 214 – 224 . (doi:10.1016/j.smr.2009.07.001)
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , R. 2006 . The economic impact of local sport events: Significant, limited or otherwise? A case study of four swimming events . Managing Leisure , 11 ( 1 ) : 57 – 70 . (doi:10.1080/13606710500445718)
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. J. , Gray , L. P. , Connaughton , D. P. , Braunstein , J. R. , Ellis , M. H. and Lam , E. T. 2003 . Understanding women's professional basketball game spectators: Sociodemographics, game consumption, and entertainment options . Sport Marketing Quarterly , 12 ( 4 ) : 228 – 243 .
   Google Scholar