416
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

The use of echocardiography post heart transplantation

&
Pages 1161-1175 | Received 14 Jun 2016, Accepted 15 Jul 2016, Published online: 30 Jul 2016

References

  • Badano LP, Miglioranza MH, Edvardsen T, et al. European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging/Cardiovascular Imaging Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology recommendations for the use of cardiac imaging to assess and follow patients after heart transplantation. Eur Heart J – Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16:919–948.
  • Uretsky BF, Kormos RL, Zerbe TR, et al. Cardiac events after heart transplantation: incidence and predictive value of coronary angiography. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1992;11(Suppl):S45–S50.
  • Mehra MR, Uber PA, Uber WE, et al. Anything but a biopsy: noninvasive monitoring for cardiac allograft rejection. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2002;17(2):131–136.
  • Wu HA, Kolias TJ. Cardiac transplantation: pretransplant and posttransplant evaluation. In: Otto CM, editor. The practice of clinical echocardiography. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): WB Saunders Company; 2012. p. 585–596.
  • Lu W, Zheng J, Pan X, et al. Diagnostic performance of echocardiography for the detection of acute cardiac allograft rejection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0121228.
  • Javaheri A, Saha N, Lilly SM. How to approach the assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in the modern era: review of invasive imaging modalities. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2016 Apr;13(2):86–91.
  • Thorn EM, de Filippi CR. Echocardiography in the cardiac transplant recipient. Heart Fail Clin. 2007;3(1):51–67.
  • Dandel M, Hetzer R. Echocardiographic strain and strain rate imaging – clinical applications. Int J Cardiol. 2009;132:11–24.
  • Kobashigawa JA. Heart transplantation. In: Norman DJ, Turka LA, editors. Primer on transplantation. 2nd ed. Mt. Laurel (NJ): American Society of Transplantation; 2001. p. 321–366.
  • Mondillo S, Maccherini M, Galderisi M. Usefulness and limitations of transthoracic echocardiography in heart transplantation recipients. Cardiovascular Ultrasound. 2008;6:2–14.
  • Peteiro J, Redondo F, Calviño R, et al. Differences in heart transplant physiology according to surgical technique. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;109:721–729.
  • Zengin E, Westermann D, Radunski U, et al. Cardiac mechanics in heart transplant recipients with and without transplant vasculopathy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;31(4):795–803.
  • Acker A, Jessup M. Surgical management of heart failure. In: Bonow RO, Mann LD, Zipes DP, et al., editors. Braunwald’s heart disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier, Saunders; 2012. p. 601–616.
  • Dandel M, Hummel M, Wellnhofer E, et al. Association between acute rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2003;22(9):1064–1065.
  • Hauptmann PJ, Couper GS, Aranki SF, et al. Pericardial effusions after cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23:1625–1629.
  • Haghighi OZ, Amin A, Chitsazan M, et al. Evaluation of the role of conventional and tissue doppler imaging echocardiography in detection of acute cardiac allograft rejection in heart transplant recipients. Int Cardiovasc Res J. 2016;10(1):35–42.
  • Dandel M, Hummel M, Müller J, et al. Reliability of tissue Doppler monitoring after heart transplantation for replacement of invasive routine screenings by optimally timed cardiac biopsies and catheterizations. Circulation. 2001;104(12):I184–I191.
  • Valantine HA, Appleton CP, Hatle LK, et al. A hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic study of ventricular function in long-term cardiac allograft recipients. Circulation. 1989;79:66–75.
  • Ross HJ, Gullestad L, Hunt SA, et al. Early Doppler echocardiographic dysfunction is associated with an increased mortality after orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Circulation. 1996;94:I1989–I1993.
  • Hernandez LE, Shepard CW, Menk J, et al. Global left ventricular relaxation: a novel tissue Doppler index of acute rejection in pediatric heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2015;34:1190–1197.
  • Dandel M, Hummel M, Meyer R, et al. Left ventricular dysfunction during cardiac allograft rejection: early diagnosis, relationship to the histological severity grade and therapeutic implications. Transplant Proc. 2002;34:2169–2173.
  • Ciliberto GR, Mascarello M, Gronda E, et al. Acute rejection after heart transplantation: non-invasive echocardiographic evaluation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23:1156–1161.
  • Kato TS, Homma S, Mancini D. Novel echocardiographic strategies for rejection diagnosis. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2013;18(5):573–580.
  • Dandel M, Wellnhofer E, Hummel M, et al. Early detection of left ventricular dysfunction related to transplant coronary artery disease. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2003;22:1353–1364.
  • Mehra MR, Ventura HO, Smart FW, et al. New developments in the diagnosis and management of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Tex Heart Inst J. 1995;22:138–144.
  • Desruennes M, Corcos T, Cabrol A, et al. Doppler echocardiography for the diagnosis of acute cardiac allograft rejection. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;12:63–70.
  • Burgess MI, Bright-Thomas RJ, Yonan N, et al. Can the index of myocardial performance be used to detect acute cellular rejection after heart transplantation? Am J Cardiol. 2003;92:308–311.
  • Vivekananthan K, Kalapura T, Mehra M, et al. Usefulness of the combined index of systolic and diastolic myocardial performance to identify cardiac allograft rejection. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90(5):517–520.
  • Spes CH, Klaus V, Mudra H, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of serial dobutamine stress echocardiography for noninvasive assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: a comparison with coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Circulation. 1999;100:505–515.
  • Waggoner AD, Bierig SM. Tissue Doppler imaging: a useful echocardiographic method for the cardiac sonographer to assess systolic and diastolic ventricular function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2001;14(12):1143–1152.
  • Collings CA, Pinto FJ, Valentine HA. Exercise echocardiography in heart transplant recipients: a comparison with angiography and intracoronary ultrasonography. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1994;13(4):604–613.
  • Smart FW, Ballantyne CM, Cocanougher B, et al. Insensitivity of noninvasive tests to detect coronary artery vasculopathy after heart transplant. Am J Cardiol. 1991;67(4):243–247.
  • Cohn JM, Wilensky RL, O’Donnell JA, et al. Exercise echocardiography, angiography, and intracoronary ultrasound after cardiac transplantation. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77:1216–1219.
  • Chen MH, Abernathey E, Lunze F, et al. Utility of exercise stress echocardiography in pediatric cardiac transplant recipients: a single-center experience. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2012;31:517–523.
  • Derumeaux G, Redonnet M, Soyer R, et al. Assessment of the progression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy by dobutamine stress echocardiography. J Heart Lung Tranplant. 1998;17:259–267.
  • Spes CH, Mudra H, Schnaack SD, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography for noninvasive diagnosis of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: a comparison with angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Am J Cardiol. 1996;78:168–174.
  • Cohn JM, Wilensky RL, O’Donnell JA, et al. Exercise echocardiography, angiography, and intracoronary ultrasound after cardiac transplantation. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77:1216–1219.
  • Sade LE, Eroğlu S, Yüce D, et al. Follow-up of heart transplant recipients with serial echocardiographic coronary flow reserve and dobutamine stress echocardiography to detect cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2014;27(5):531–539.
  • Eroglu E, D’Hooge J, Sutherland GR, et al. Quantitative dobutamine stress echocardiography for early detection of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients. Heart. 2008;94:2 e3.
  • Herregods MC, Anastassiou I, Van Cleemput J, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1994;13:1039–1044.
  • Bharat DA, Manlhiot C, Safi M, et al. A prospective study of dobutamine stress echocardiography for assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant. 2008;12:170–176.
  • Bacal F, Moreira L, Souza G, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography predicts cardiac events or death in asymptomatic patients long-term after heart transplantation: 4 year prospective evaluation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004;23:1238–1244.
  • Akosah KO, Mohanty PK, Funai JT, et al. Noninvasive detection of transplant coronary artery disease by dobutamine stress echocardiography. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1994;13:1024–1038.
  • Störk S, Behr TM, Birk M, et al. Assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy late after heart transplantation: when is coronary angiography necessary? J Heart Lung Transplant. 2006;25:1103–1108.
  • Derumeaux G, Redonnet M, Schleifer DM, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography in orthotopic heart transplant recipients. Am J Cardiol. 1995;25:1665–1672.
  • Pan C, Wang C, Pan W, et al. Usefulness of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography to quantify global left ventricular function and mechanical dyssynchrony after heart transplantation. Acta Cardiol. 2011;66(3):365–370.
  • Sutherland G, Stewart M, Groundstroem K, et al. Color Doppler myocardial imaging: a new technique for the assessment of myocardial function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1994;7:441–458.
  • Derumeaux G, Douillet R, Redonnet M, et al. [Detection of acute rejection of heart transplantation by Doppler color imaging]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1998;91:1255–1262. French.
  • Puleo JA, Aranda JM, Weston MW, et al. Noninvasive detection of allograft rejection in heart transplant recipients by use of Doppler tissue imaging. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1998;17:176–184.
  • Mankad S, Murali S, Kormos RL, et al. Evaluation of the potential role of color-coded tissue Doppler echocardiography in the detection of allograft rejection in heart transplant recipients. Am Heart J. 1999;138(4 Pt 1):721–730.
  • Lunze FI, Colan SD, Gauvreau K, et al. Tissue Doppler imaging for rejection surveillance in pediatric heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2013;32:1027–1033.
  • Resende MVC, Vieira MLC, Bacal F, et al. Tissue Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of heart transplantation rejection. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;97(1):8–16.
  • Fábregas RI, Crespo-Leiro MG, Muñiz M, et al. Usefulness of pulsed Doppler tissue imaging for noninvasive detection of cardiac rejection after heart transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1999;31(6):2545–2547.
  • Pauliks LB, Pietra BA, DeGroff CG, et al. Non-invasive detection of acute allograft rejection in children by tissue Doppler imaging: myocardial velocities and myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2005;24(7 Suppl):S239–S248.
  • Eun LY, Gajarski RJ, Graziano JN, et al. Relation of left ventricular diastolic function as measured by echocardiography and pulmonary wedge pressure to rejection in young (≤ 30 years) patients. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96(6):857–860.
  • Palka P, Lange A, Galbraith A, et al. The role of left and right ventricular early diastolic Doppler tissue echocardiographic indices in the evaluation of acute rejection in orthotopic heart transplant. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18:107–115.
  • Bader FM, Islam N, Mehta NA, et al. Noninvasive diagnosis of cardiac allograft rejection using echocardiography indices of systolic and diastolic function. Transplant Proc. 2011;43(10):3877–3881.
  • Stengel SM, Allemann Y, Zimmerli M, et al. Doppler tissue imaging for assessing left ventricular Diastolic dysfunction in heart transplant rejection. Heart. 2001;86:432–437.
  • Sun JP, Abdalla IA, Asher CR, et al. Non-invasive evaluation of orthotopic heart transplant rejection by echocardiography. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2005;24(2):160–165.
  • Tang ZY, Kobashigawa J, Rafiei M, et al. The natural history of biopsy-negative rejection after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2013;32(7):744–746.
  • Yamada H, Oki T, Tabata T, et al. Assessment of left ventricular systolic wall motion velocity with pulsed tissue Doppler imaging: comparison with peak dP/dt of the left ventricular pressure curve. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1998;11:442–449.
  • Eleid MF, Caracciolo G, Cho EJ, et al. Natural history of left ventricular mechanics in transplanted hearts. J Am Coll Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3(10):989–1000.
  • Giacomin E, Gasperini S, Zacà V, et al. Relationship between coronary microcirculatory dysfunction and left ventricular long-axis function in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Tranplant. 2007;26(12):1349–1350.
  • Hummel M, Dandel M, Knollmann F, et al. Long-term surveillance of heart transplanted patients: noninvasive monitoring of acute rejection episodes and transplant vasculopathy. Transplant Proc. 2001;33:3359–42.
  • Clemmensen ST, Eiskjǽr H, Løgstrup BB, et al. Noninvasive detection of cardiac allograft vasculopathy by stress exercise assessment of myocardial deformation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016;29(5):480–490.
  • Clemmensen TS, Løgstrup BB, Eiskjær H, et al. Evaluation of longitudinal myocardial deformation by 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in heart transplant recipients: relation to coronary allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2015;34(2):195–203.
  • Dandel M, Lehmkuhl H, Knosalla C, et al. Echocardiographic 2D-strain imaging for early detection of patients with focal coronary stenoses after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2008;27(2 Suppl1):S95–S96.
  • Dandel M, Wellnhofer E, Lehmkuhl H, et al. Early detection of left ventricular wall motion alterations in heart allografts with coronary artery disease: diagnostic value of tissue Doppler and two-dimensional (2D) strain echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2006;7(Suppl.1):127–128.
  • Dandel M, Lehmkuhl H, Knosalla C, et al. Non-Doper two-dimensional strain imaging - clinical applications. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007;20(8):1019.
  • Marciniak A, Eroglu E, Marciniak M, et al. The potential clinical role of ultrasonic strain and strain rate imaging in diagnosing acute rejection after heart transplantation. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2007;8:213–221.
  • Kato T-S, Oda N, Hashimura K, et al. Strain rate imaging would predict subclinical acute rejection in heart transplant recipients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;37:1104–1110.
  • Sato T, Kato TS, Komamura K, et al. Utility of left ventricular systolic torsion derived from 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in monitoring acute cellular rejection in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011;30(5):536–543.
  • Sera F, Kato TS, Farr M, et al. Left ventricular longitudinal strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography is associated with treatment-requiring cardiac allograft rejection. J Card Fail. 2014;20(5):359–364.
  • Mingo-Santos S, Moñivas-Palomero V, Garcia-Lunar I, et al. Usefulness of two-dimensional strain para-meters to diagnose acute rejection after heart transplantation. Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28:1149–1156.
  • Clemmensen TS, Løgstrup BB, Eiskjær H, et al. Changes in longitudinal myocardial deformation during acute cardiac rejection: the clinical role of two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28:330–339.
  • Sehgal S, Blake JM, Sommerfield J, et al. Strain and strain rate imaging using speckle tracking in acute allograft rejection in children with heart transplantation. Pediatr Transplant. 2015;19:188–195.
  • Ambardekar AV, Alluri N, Patel AC, et al. Myocardial strain and strain rate from speckle-tracking echocardiography are unable to differentiate asymptomatic biopsy-proven cellular rejection in the first year after cardiac transplantation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(4):478–485.
  • Pieper GM, Shah A, Harmann L, et al. Speckle-tracking 2-dimensional strain echocardiography: a new noninvasive imaging tool to evaluate acute rejection in cardiac transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010;29(9):1039–1046.
  • Buddhe S, Richmond ME, Gilbreth J, et al. Longitudinal strain by speckle-tracking echo-cardiography in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Congenit Heart Dis. 2015;10:362–370.
  • Hussein S, Dandel M, Hetzer R. Exercise echocardiography with speckle-tracking derived strain and strain-rate analysis allows detection of heart transplant recipients with focal coronary stenoses. Circulation. 2014;130(Suppl 2):A 18742.
  • Dandel M, Müller J, Hummel M, et al. Post-transplant cardiac rejection monitoring with and without routine biopsy screenings: comparison of two different strategies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(6):208A.
  • Urbano-Moral JA, Arias-Godinez JA, Ahmad R, et al. Evaluation of myocardial mechanics with three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in heart transplant recipients: comparison with two-dimensional speckle tracking and relationship with clinical variables. Eur Heart J – Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;14:1167–1173.
  • Dandel M, Konollmann F, Wellnhofer E, et al. Noninvasive strategy for early prediction of transplant coronary arteriopathy and timing of coronary angiographies in heart transplant recipients. In: Lewis BS, Hamilton DA, Flugelmann MY, et al., editors. Frontiers in coronary artery disease. Bologna: Monduzzi Editore; 2003. p. 327–332.
  • Raichlin E, Edwards BS, Kremers WK, et al. Acute cellular rejection and the subsequent development of allograft vasculopathy after cardiac transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2009;28:320–327.
  • Hacker M, Hoyer HX, Uebleis C, et al. Quantitative assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy by real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography: a comparison with conventional echocardiographic analyses and [Tc99m]-sestamibi SPECT. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2008;9:494–500.
  • Rutz T, de Marchi SF, Roelli P, et al. Quantitative myocardial contrast echocardiography: a new method for the non-invasive detection of chronic heart transplant rejection. Eur Heart J – Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;14:1187–1194.
  • Porter TR, Xie F. Contrast ultrasound imaging: technical aspects and clinical applications. In: Otto CM, editor. The practice of clinical echocardiography. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): WB Saunders Company; 2012. p. 45–66.
  • Kondo I, Ohmori K, Oshita A, et al. Leukocyte-targeted myocardial contrast echocardiography can assess the degree of acute allograft rejection in a rat cardiac transplantation model. Circulation. 2004;109:1056–1061.
  • Wu W, Zhang Z, Zhuo L, et al. Ultrasound molecular imaging of acute cellular cardiac allograft rejection in rat with T-cell-specific nanobubbles. Transplantation. 2013;96(6):543–549.
  • Weiner RB, Picard MH. Three-dimensional echocardiography. In: Otto CM, editor. The practice of clinical echocardiography. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): WB Saunders Company; 2012. p. 67–94.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.