364
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) as a guide to treat coronary artery disease

, , , &
Pages 465-477 | Received 30 Mar 2018, Accepted 12 Jun 2018, Published online: 27 Jun 2018

References

  • Authors/Task FM, Windecker S, Kolh P, et al. ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization: the task force on myocardial revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur Heart J 2014;2014(35):2541–2619.
  • Boden WE, O’Rourke RA, Teo KK, et al. Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1503–1516.
  • Metz LD, Beattie M, Hom R, et al. The prognostic value of normal exercise myocardial perfusion imaging and exercise echocardiography: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:227–237.
  • Pijls NH, De Bruyne B, Peels K, et al. Measurement of fractional flow reserve to assess the functional severity of coronary artery stenoses. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1703–1708.
  • De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Kalesan B, et al. Fractional flow reserve-guided PCI vs. medical therapy in stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:991–1001.
  • Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, et al. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:213–224.
  • Kern MJ. Coronary physiology revisited: practical insights from the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Circulation. 2000;101:1344–1351.
  • Gould KL, Kirkeeide RL, Buchi M. Coronary flow reserve as a physiologic measure of stenosis severity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:459–474.
  • Díez-Delhoyo F, Gutiérrez-Ibañes E, Loughlin G, et al. Coronary physiology assessment in the catheterization laboratory. World J Cardiol. 2015;7:525–538.
  • Mangiacapra F, Peace AJ, Di Serafino L, et al. Intracoronary enalaprilat to reduce microvascular damage during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (ProMicro) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:615–621.
  • Mangiacapra F, Di Gioia G, Pellicano M, et al. Effects of prasugrel versus clopidogrel on coronary microvascular function in patients undergoing elective PCI. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:235–237.
  • Pyxaras SA, Tu S, Barbato E, et al. Quantitative angiography and optical coherence tomography for the functional assessment of nonobstructive coronary stenoses: comparison with fractional flow reserve. Am Heart J. 2013;166:1010–1018.e1.
  • Watkins S, McGeoch R, Lyne J, et al. Validation of magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging with fractional flow reserve for the detection of significant coronary heart disease. Circulation. 2009;120:2207–2213.
  • Melikian N, De Bondt P, Tonino P, et al. Fractional flow reserve and myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with angiographic multivessel coronary artery disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3:307–314.
  • De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Bartunek J, et al. Fractional flow reserve in patients with prior myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2001;104:157–162.
  • Toth GG, De Bruyne B, Rusinaru D, et al. impact of right atrial pressure on fractional flow reserve measurements: comparison of fractional flow reserve and myocardial fractional flow reserve in 1,600 coronary stenoses. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9:453–459.
  • Ihdayhid AR, Yong A, Harper R, et al. A practical guide for fractional flow reserve guided revascularisation. Heart Lung Circ. 2018;27:406–419.
  • Johnson NP, Johnson DT, Kirkeeide RL, et al. Repeatability of fractional flow reserve despite variations in systemic and coronary hemodynamics. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8:1018–1027.
  • Fearon WF, Bornschein B, Tonino PA, et al. Economic evaluation of fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel disease. Circulation. 2010;122:2545–2550.
  • Barbato E, Toth GG, Johnson NP, et al. A prospective natural history study of coronary atherosclerosis using fractional flow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Nov 29;68(21):2247–2255.
  • Johnson NP, Tóth GG, Lai D, et al. Prognostic value of fractional flow reserve: linking physiologic severity to clinical outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Oct 21;64(16):1641–1654.
  • Ciccarelli G, Barbato E, Toth GG, et al. Angiography versus hemodynamics to predict the natural history of coronary stenoses: a fame 2-substudy. Circulation. 2017;137:1475–1485.
  • Adjedj J, De Bruyne B, Flore V, et al. Significance of intermediate values of fractional flow reserve in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2016;133:502–508.
  • Leone AM, Porto I, De Caterina AR, et al. Maximal hyperemia in the assessment of fractional flow reserve: intracoronary adenosine versus intracoronary sodium nitroprusside versus intravenous adenosine: the NASCI (Nitroprussiato versus Adenosina nelle Stenosi Coronariche Intermedie) study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5:402–408.
  • Schlundt C, Bietau C, Klinghammer L, et al. Comparison of intracoronary versus intravenous administration of adenosine for measurement of coronary fractional flow reserve. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8. pii: e001781.
  • Al Jaroudi W, Iskandrian AE. Regadenoson: a new myocardial stress agent. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:1123–1130.
  • Arumugham P, Figueredo VM, Patel PB, et al. Comparison of intravenous adenosine and intravenous regadenoson for the measurement of pressure-derived coronary fractional flowreserve EuroIntervention. 2013;8:1166–1171.
  • Parham WA, Bouhasin A, Ciaramita JP, et al. Coronary hyperemic dose responses of intracoronary sodium nitroprusside. Circulation. 2004;109:1236–1243.
  • Jang HJ, Koo BK, Lee HS, et al. Safety and efficacy of a novel hyperaemic agent,intracoronary nicorandil, for invasive physiological assessments in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2055–2062.
  • van der Voort PH, van Hagen E, Hendrix G, et al. Comparison of intravenous adenosine to intracoronary papaverine for calculation of pressure-derived fractional flow reserve. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1996;39:120–125.
  • De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Barbato E, et al. Intracoronary and intravenous adenosine 5ʹ-triphosphate, adenosine, papaverine, and contrast medium to assess fractional flow reserve in humans. Circulation. 2003;107:1877–1883.
  • Berry C. van ’t Veer M, Witt N et al. VERIFY (Verification of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve for the Assessment of Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity in EverydaY Practice): a Multicenter Study in Consecutive Patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:1421–1427.
  • Park SJ, Kang SJ, Ahn JM, et al. Visual-functional mismatch between coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5:1029–1036.
  • Tonino PA, Fearon WF, De Bruyne B, et al. Angiographic versus functional severity of coronary artery stenoses in the FAME study fractional flow reserve versus angiography in multivessel evaluation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:2816–2821.
  • Shiono Y, Kubo T, Tanaka A, et al. Impact of myocardial supply area on the transstenotic hemodynamics as determined by fractional flow reserve. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;84:406–413.
  • Bech GJ, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, et al. Fractional flow reserve to determine the appropriateness of angioplasty in moderate coronary stenosis: a randomized trial. Circulation. 2001;103:2928–2934.
  • De Bruyne B, Fearon WF, Pijls NH, et al. Fractional flow reserve-guided PCI for stable coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1208–1217.
  • Pijls NH, van Schaardenburgh P, Manoharan G, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention of functionally nonsignificant stenosis: 5-year follow-up of the DEFER Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:2105–2111.
  • Pijls NH, Fearon WF, Tonino PA, et al. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: 2-year follow-up of the FAME (Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for multivessel evaluation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:177–184.
  • Xaplanteris P, Fournier S, Pijls NHJ, et al. Five-year outcomes with pci guided by fractional flow reserve. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 22. [Epub ahead of print].
  • Fearon WF, Nishi T, De Bruyne B, et al. Clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable coronary artery disease: three-year follow-up of the fame 2 trial (fractional flow reserve versus angiography for multivessel evaluation). Circulation. 2018;137:480–487.
  • Toth G, Hamilos M, Pyxaras S, et al. Evolving concepts of angiogram: fractional flow reserve discordances in 4000 coronary stenoses. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2831–2838.
  • Hamilos M, Muller O, Cuisset T, et al. Long-term clinical outcome after fractional flow reserve guided treatment in patients with angiographically equivocal left main coronary artery stenosis. Circulation. 2009;120:1505–1512.
  • Yusuf S, Zucker D, Peduzzi P, et al. Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the coronary artery bypass graft surgery trialists collaboration. Lancet. 1994;344:563–570.
  • Gao XF, Zhang YJ, Tian NL, et al. Stenting strategy for coronary artery bifurcation with drug-eluting stents: a meta-analysis of nine randomised trials and systematic review. EuroIntervention. 2014;10:561–569.
  • Koh JS, Koo BK, Kim JH, et al. Relationship between fractional flow reserve and angiographic and intravascular ultrasound parameters in ostial lesions: major epicardial vessel versus side branch ostial lesions. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5:409–415.
  • Koo BK, De Bruyne B. FFR in bifurcation stenting: what have we learned. EuroIntervention. 2010;6 Suppl J:J94–8.
  • Koo BK, Kang HJ, Youn TJ, et al. Physiologic assessment of jailed side branch lesions using fractional flow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:633–637.
  • Koo BK, Park KW, Kang HJ, et al. Physiological evaluation of the provisional side-branch intervention strategy for bifurcation lesions using fractional flow reserve. Eur Heart J. 2008;29:726–732.
  • Chen SL, Ye F, Zhang JJ, et al. Randomized comparison of ffr-guided and angiography-guided provisional stenting of true coronary bifurcation lesions: the dkcrush-vi trial. (Double kissing crush versus provisional stenting technique for treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions VI). JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8:536–546.
  • De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Heyndrickx GR, et al. Pressure-derived fractional flow reserve to assess serial epicardial stenoses: theoretical basis and animal validation. Circulation. 2000;101:1840–1847.
  • Kim HL, Koo BK, Nam CW, et al. Clinical and physiological outcomes of fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with serial stenoses within one coronary artery. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5:1013–1018.
  • Aqel R, Zoghbi GJ, Hage F, et al. Hemodynamic evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft lesions using fractional flow reserve. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008;72:479–485.
  • Di Serafino L, De Bruyne B, Mangiacapra F, et al. Long-term clinical outcome after fractional flow reserve- versus angio-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with intermediate stenosis of coronary artery bypass grafts. Am Heart J. 2013;166:110–118.
  • Echavarría-Pinto M, van de Hoef TP, Serruys PW, et al. Facing the complexity of ischaemic heart disease with intracoronary pressure and flow measurements: beyond fractional flow reserve interrogation of the coronary circulation. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2014;29:564–570.
  • van Nunen LX, Zimmermann FM, Tonino PA, et al. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guidance of PCI in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (FAME): 5-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386:1853–1860.
  • Ntalianis A, Trana C, Muller O, et al. Effective radiation dose, time, and contrast medium to measure fractional flow reserve. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3:821–827.
  • Bax M, de Winter RJ, Koch KT, et al. Time course of microvascular resistance of the infarct and noninfarct coronary artery following an anterior wall acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97:1131–1136.
  • Cuculi F, De Maria GL, Meier P, et al. Impact of microvascular obstruction on the assessment of coronary flow reserve, index of microcirculatory resistance, and fractional flow reserve after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:1894–1904.
  • Marques KM, Knaapen P, Boellaard R, et al. Microvascular function in viable myocardium after chronic infarction does not influence fractional flow reserve measurements. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1987–1992.
  • Hoebers LP, Vis MM, Claessen BE, et al. The impact of multivessel disease with and without a co-existing chronic total occlusion on short- and long-term mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients with and without cardiogenic shock. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15:425–432.
  • Engstrøm T, Kelbæk H, Helqvist S, et al. Complete revascularisation versus treatment of the culprit lesion only in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease (DANAMI-3—PRIMULTI): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386:665–671.
  • Ntalianis A, Sels JW, Davidavicius G, et al. Fractional flow reserve for the assessment of nonculprit coronary artery stenoses in patients with acute myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3:1274–1281.
  • Smits PC, Abdel-Wahab M, Neumann FJ, et al. Fractional flow reserve-guided multivessel angioplasty in myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1234–1244.
  • Sels JW, Tonino PA, Siebert U, et al. Fractional flow reserve in unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction experience from the FAME (Fractional flow reserve versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:1183–1189.
  • Layland J, Oldroyd KG, Curzen N, et al. Fractional flow reserve vs. angiography in guiding management to optimize outcomes in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the British Heart Foundation FAMOUS-NSTEMI randomized trial. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:100–111.
  • Bainey KR, Mehta SR, Lai T, et al. Complete vs culprit-only revascularization for patients with multivessel disease undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am Heart J. 2014;167:1–14.e2.
  • Nam CW, Hur SH, Cho YK, et al. Relation of fractional flow reserve after drug-eluting stent implantation to one-year outcomes. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107:1763–1767.
  • Pijls NH, Klauss V, Siebert U, et al. Coronary pressure measurement after stenting predicts adverse events at follow-up: a multicenter registry. Circulation. 2002;105:2950–2954.
  • Buono F, Spinelli L, Giallauria F, et al. Usefulness of satisfactory control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to predict left ventricular remodeling after a first ST-elevation myocardial infarction successfully reperfused. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107:1772–1778.
  • Agarwal SK, Kasula S, Hacioglu Y, et al. Utilizing post-intervention fractional flow reserve to optimize acute results and the relationship to long-term outcomes. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9:1022–1031.
  • Rimac G, Fearon WF, De Bruyne B, et al. Clinical value of post-percutaneous coronary intervention fractional flow reserve value: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am Heart J. 2017;183:1–9.
  • Di Gioia G, Scarsini R, Strisciuglio T, et al. Correlation between angiographic and physiologic evaluation of coronary artery narrowings in patients with aortic valve stenosis. Am J Cardiol. 2017 Jul 1;120(1):106–110.
  • Kobayashi Y, Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, et al. The impact of left ventricular ejection fraction on fractional flow reserve: insights from the FAME (Fractional flow reserve versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) trial. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Feb;1(204):206–210.
  • Sen S, Escaned J, Malik IS, et al. Development and validation of a new adenosine-independent index of stenosis severity from coronary wave-intensity analysis: results of the ADVISE (ADenosine Vasodilator Independent Stenosis Evaluation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:1392–1402.
  • Escaned J, Echavarría-Pinto M, Garcia-Garcia HM, et al. Prospective assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of instantaneous wave-free ratio to assess coronary stenosis relevance: results of advise ii international, multicenter study (adenosine vasodilator independent stenosis evaluation II). JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8:824–833.
  • Davies JE, Sen S, Dehbi HM, et al. Use of the instantaneous wave-free ratio or fractional flow reserve in PCI. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1824–1834.
  • Götberg M, Christiansen EH, Gudmundsdottir IJ, et al. Instantaneous wave-free ratio versus fractional flow reserve to guide PCI. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1813–1823.
  • Jeremias A, Maehara A, Généreux P, et al. Multicenter core laboratory comparison of the instantaneous wave-free ratio and resting Pd/Pa with fractional flow reserve: the RESOLVE study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:1253–1261.
  • Van’t Veer M, Pijls NHJ, Hennigan B, et al. Comparison of different diastolic resting indexes to ifr: are they all equal? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:3088–3096.
  • Berry C, van ‘t Veer M, Witt N, et al. VERIFY (VERification of Instantaneous Wave-free ratio and fractional flow reserve for the assessment of coronary artery stenosis severity in everyday practice): a multicenter study in consecutive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Apr 2;61(13):1421–1427.
  • Leone AM, Cialdella P, Martin-Reyes R, et al. cFFR as an alternative to FFR: please do not contrast simplicity. EuroIntervention. 2017;13:e1487–88.
  • Johnson NP, Jeremias A, Zimmermann FM, et al. Continuum of vasodilator stress from rest to contrast medium to adenosine hyperemia for fractional flow reserve assessment. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9:757–767.
  • Tu S, Westra J, Yang J, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of fast computational approaches to derive fractional flow reserve from diagnostic coronary angiography: the international multicenter favor pilot study. Cir JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9:2024–2035.
  • Koo BK, Erglis A, Doh JH, et al. Diagnosis of ischemia-causing coronary stenoses by noninvasive fractional flow reserve computed from coronary computed tomographic angiograms. Results from the prospective multicenter DISCOVER-FLOW (Diagnosis of Ischemia-Causing Stenoses Obtained Via Noninvasive Fractional Flow Reserve) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:1989–1997.
  • Nørgaard BL, Leipsic J, Gaur S, et al. Diagnostic performance of noninvasive fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography angiography in suspected coronary artery disease: the NXT trial (analysis of coronary blood flow using ct angiography: next steps). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:1145–1155.
  • Patel MR Calhoon JH Dehmer GJ et al.; ACC/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/SCAI/SCCT/STS2017. Appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization in patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the american college of cardiology appropriate use criteria task force, american association for thoracic surgery, american heart association, american society of echocardiography, american society of nuclear cardiology, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, society of cardiovascular computed tomography, and society of thoracic surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:2212–2241.
  • Toth GG, Toth B, Johnson NP, et al. Revascularization decisions in patients with stable angina and intermediate lesions: results of the international survey on interventional strategy. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8:e002296.
  • Petraco R, Park JJ, Sen S, et al. Hybrid iFR-FFR decision-making strategy: implications for enhancing universal adoption of physiology-guided coronary revascularisation. EuroIntervention. 2013;8:1157–1165.
  • Rivero F, Cuesta J, Bastante T, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of a hybrid approach of instantaneous wave-free ratio and fractional flow reserve using high-dose intracoronary adenosine to characterize intermediate coronary lesions: results of the PALS (Practical Assessment of Lesion Severity) prospective study. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;90:1070–1076.
  • Al-Lamee R, Thompson D, Dehbi HM, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina (ORBITA): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391:31–40.
  • Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:961–972.
  • Zimmermann FM, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, et al. Rationale and design of the fractional flow reserve versus angiography for multivessel evaluation (FAME) 3 Trial: a comparison of fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. Am Heart J. 2015;170:619–626.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.