148
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Clinical considerations and assessment of risk factors when choosing endovascular thrombectomy for acute stroke

, &
Pages 541-556 | Received 18 May 2020, Accepted 16 Jul 2020, Published online: 04 Aug 2020

References

  • Feigin VL, Krishnamurthi RV, Parmar P, et al. Update on the global burden of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in 1990-2013: the GBD 2013 study. Neuroepidemiology. 2015;45(3):161–176.
  • Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke | NEJM [Internet]. [cited 2020 Mar 31]. Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199512143332401
  • Del Zoppo GJ, Higashida RT, Furlan AJ, et al. A phase II randomized trial of recombinant pro-urokinase by direct arterial delivery in acute middle cerebral artery stroke. Stroke. 1998 Jan;29(1):4–11.
  • Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2008 Sep 25;359(13):1317–1329.
  • The IMS II Trial Investigators. The interventional management of stroke (IMS) II study. Stroke. 2007 Jul;38(7):2127–2135.
  • Saver JL, Jahan R, Levy EI, et al. Solitaire flow restoration device versus the Merci Retriever in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (SWIFT): a randomised, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2012 Oct;380(9849):1241–1249.
  • Nogueira RG, Lutsep HL, Gupta R, et al. Trevo versus Merci retrievers for thrombectomy revascularisation of large vessel occlusions in acute ischaemic stroke (TREVO 2): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2012 Oct;380(9849):1231–1240.
  • Berkhemer OA, Fransen PSS, Beumer D, et al. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 1;372(1):11–20.
  • Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, et al. Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015 Mar 12;372(11):1019–1030.
  • Campbell BCV, Mitchell PJ, Kleinig TJ, et al. Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. N Engl J Med. 2015 Mar 12;372(11):1009–1018.
  • Saver JL, Goyal M, Bonafe A, et al. Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jun 11;372(24):2285–2295.
  • Jovin TG, Chamorro A, Cobo E, et al. Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jun 11;372(24):2296–2306.
  • Fogle CC, Oser CS, Troutman TP, et al. Public education strategies to increase awareness of stroke warning signs and the need to call 911. J Public Health Manage Pract JPHMP. 2008 Jun;14(3):e17–22.
  • Lin CB, Peterson ED, Smith EE, et al. Emergency medical service hospital prenotification is associated with improved evaluation and treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2012 Jul;5(4):514–522.
  • Walter S, Kostopoulos P, Haass A, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of patients with stroke in a mobile stroke unit versus in hospital: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2012 May;11(5):397–404.
  • Holodinsky JK, Williamson TS, Demchuk AM, et al. Modeling stroke patient transport for all patients with suspected large-vessel occlusion. JAMA Neurol. 2018 01;75(12):1477–1486.
  • Ismail M, Armoiry X, Tau N, et al. Mothership versus drip and ship for thrombectomy in patients who had an acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg. 2019 Jan;11(1):14–19.
  • Ehntholt MS, Parasram M, Mir SA, et al. Mobile stroke units: bringing treatment to the patient. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2020 Feb;22(2):5.
  • Abilleira S, Pérez de la Ossa N, Jiménez X, et al. Transfer to the local stroke center versus direct transfer to endovascular center of acute stroke patients with suspected large vessel occlusion in the catalan territory (RACECAT): study protocol of a cluster randomized within a cohort trial. Int J Stroke Off J Int Stroke Soc. 2019;14(7):734–744.
  • In what scenarios does a mobile stroke unit predict better patient outcomes? | stroke [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jun 29]. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028474
  • Audebert Heinrich J, Christian K, von Claranau Stephan C, et al. Telemedicine for safe and extended use of thrombolysis in stroke. Stroke. 2005 Feb 1;36(2):287–291.
  • Evans JW, Graham BR, Pordeli P, et al. Time for a time window extension: insights from late presenters in the ESCAPE trial. Am J Neuroradiol. 2018 Jan;39(1):102–106.
  • Rodríguez-Pardo J, Riera-López N, Fuentes B, et al. Prehospital selection of thrombectomy candidates beyond large vessel occlusion: M-DIRECT scale. Neurology. 2020 Feb 25;94(8):e851–60.
  • Kentaro S, Nobuhito N, Kenta K, et al. Emergent large vessel occlusion screen is an ideal prehospital scale to avoid missing endovascular therapy in acute stroke. Stroke. 2018 Sep 1;49(9):2096–2101.
  • Michel P. Prehospital scales for large vessel occlusion: closing in on a moving target. Stroke. 2017;48(2):247–249.
  • Gurav SK, Zirpe KG, Wadia RS, et al. Impact of “stroke code”-rapid response team: an attempt to improve intravenous thrombolysis rate and to shorten door-to-needle time in acute ischemic stroke. Indian J Crit Care Med Peer-Rev Off Publ Indian Soc Crit Care Med. 2018 Apr;22(4):243–248.
  • Schlegel D, Kolb SJ, Luciano JM, et al. Utility of the NIH stroke scale as a predictor of hospital disposition. Stroke. 2003 Jan;34(1):134–137.
  • Tsivgoulis G, Zand R, Katsanos AH, et al. Safety of intravenous thrombolysis in stroke mimics: prospective 5-year study and comprehensive meta-analysis. Stroke. 2015 May;46(5):1281–1287.
  • Menon BK, Goyal M. Imaging paradigms in acute ischemic stroke: a pragmatic evidence-based approach. Radiology. 2015 Oct;277(1):7–12.
  • Mair G, von Kummer R, Morris Z, et al. Effect of alteplase on the CT hyperdense artery sign and outcome after ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2016 Jan 12;86(2):118.
  • Mair G, Boyd EV, Chappell FM, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of the hyperdense artery sign for arterial obstruction in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2015 Jan;46(1):102–107.
  • Thomalla G, Simonsen CZ, Boutitie F, et al. MRI-guided thrombolysis for stroke with unknown time of onset. N Engl J Med. 2018 16;379(7):611–622.
  • Nael K, Khan R, Choudhary G, et al. Six-minute magnetic resonance imaging protocol for evaluation of acute ischemic stroke: pushing the boundaries. Stroke. 2014 Jul;45(7):1985–1991.
  • Kim BJ, Kang HG, Kim H-J, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in acute ischemic stroke treatment. J Stroke. 2014 Sep;16(3):131–145.
  • Menon BK, d’Esterre CD, Qazi EM, et al. Multiphase CT angiography: a new tool for the imaging triage of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Radiology. 2015 May;275(2):510–520.
  • Liebeskind DS. Collateral circulation. Stroke. 2003 Sep;34(9):2279–2284.
  • Caplan LR, Hennerici M. Impaired clearance of emboli (washout) is an important link between hypoperfusion, embolism, and ischemic stroke. Arch Neurol. 1998 Nov;55(11):1475–1482.
  • Hill MD, Goyal M, Menon BK, et al. Efficacy and safety of nerinetide for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke (ESCAPE-NA1): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl. 2020 14;395(10227):878–887.
  • Sotoudeh H, Bag AK, Brooks MD. “Code-stroke” CT perfusion; challenges and pitfalls. Acad Radiol. 2019 Nov;26(11):1565–1579.
  • Menon BK, Campbell BCV, Levi C, et al. Role of imaging in current acute ischemic stroke workflow for endovascular therapy. Stroke. 2015 Jun;46(6):1453–1461.
  • Koenig M, Kraus M, Theek C, et al. Quantitative assessment of the ischemic brain by means of perfusion-related parameters derived from perfusion CT. Stroke. 2001 Feb;32(2):431–437.
  • Wintermark M, Reichhart M, Thiran J-P, et al. Prognostic accuracy of cerebral blood flow measurement by perfusion computed tomography, at the time of emergency room admission, in acute stroke patients. Ann Neurol. 2002 Apr;51(4):417–432.
  • Schramm P, Schellinger PD, Klotz E, et al. Comparison of perfusion computed tomography and computed tomography angiography source images with perfusion-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging in patients with acute stroke of less than 6 hours’ duration. Stroke. 2004 Jul;35(7):1652–1658.
  • Murphy BD, Fox AJ, Lee DH, et al. Identification of penumbra and infarct in acute ischemic stroke using computed tomography perfusion–derived blood flow and blood volume measurements. Stroke. 2006 Jul;37(7):1771–1777.
  • Nogueira RG, Jadhav AP, Haussen DC, et al. Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jan 4;378(1):11–21.
  • Albers GW, Marks MP, Kemp S, et al. Thrombectomy for stroke at 6 to 16 hours with selection by perfusion imaging. N Engl J Med. 2018 Feb 22;378(8):708–718.
  • Campbell BCV, Mitchell PJ, Churilov L, et al. Tenecteplase versus alteplase before thrombectomy for ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2018 Apr 26;378(17):1573–1582.
  • Ragoschke-Schumm A, Walter S. DAWN and DEFUSE-3 trials: is time still important? Radiol. 2018 Nov;58(S1):20–23.
  • Seners P, Turc G, Maïer B, et al. Incidence and predictors of early recanalization after intravenous thrombolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2016;47(9):2409–2412.
  • Menon BK, Al-Ajlan FS, Najm M, et al. Association of clinical, imaging, and thrombus characteristics with recanalization of visible intracranial occlusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke. JAMA. 2018 11;320(10):1017–1026.
  • Bhatia R, Hill MD, Shobha N, et al. Low rates of acute recanalization with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in ischemic stroke: real-world experience and a call for action. Stroke. 2010 Oct;41(10):2254–2258.
  • Mishra SM, Dykeman J, Sajobi TT, et al. Early reperfusion rates with IV tPA are determined by CTA clot characteristics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014 Dec;35(12):2265–2272.
  • Furlan A, Higashida R, Wechsler L, et al. Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke: the PROACT II study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999 Dec 1;282(21):2003.
  • Ogawa A, Mori E, Minematsu K, et al. Randomized trial of intraarterial infusion of urokinase within 6 hours of middle cerebral artery stroke: the middle cerebral artery embolism local fibrinolytic intervention trial (MELT) Japan. Stroke. 2007 Oct;38(10):2633–2639.
  • Clark WM, Barnwell SL, Nesbit G, et al. Safety and efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Stroke. 1995 Jul;26(7):1200–1204.
  • Holodinsky JK, Yu AYX, Assis ZA, et al. History, evolution, and importance of emergency endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2016 May;16(5):42.
  • Mori T, Fukuoka M, Kazita K, et al. Follow-up study after percutaneous transluminal cerebral angioplasty. Eur Radiol. 1998 Mar 27;8(3):403–408.
  • Smith WS, Sung G, Saver J, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: final results of the multi MERCI trial. Stroke. 2008 Apr;39(4):1205–1212.
  • The Penumbra Pivotal Stroke Trial Investigators. The penumbra pivotal stroke trial: safety and effectiveness of a new generation of mechanical devices for clot removal in intracranial large vessel occlusive disease. Stroke. 2009 Aug;40(8):2761–2768.
  • Rohde S, Bösel J, Hacke W, et al. Stent retriever technology: concept, application and initial results. J Neurointerv Surg. 2012 Nov;4(6):455–458.
  • Broderick JP, Palesch YY, Demchuk AM, et al. Endovascular therapy after intravenous t-PA versus t-PA alone for stroke. N Engl J Med. 2013 Mar 7;368(10):893–903.
  • Kidwell CS, Jahan R, Gornbein J, et al. A trial of imaging selection and endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2013 Mar 7;368(10):914–923.
  • Ciccone A, Valvassori L, Nichelatti M, et al. Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2013 Mar 7;368(10):904–913.
  • Mokin M, Ansari SA, McTaggart RA, et al. Indications for thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke from emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO): report of the SNIS standards and guidelines committee. J Neurointerv Surg. 2019 Mar;11(3):215–220.
  • Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American HEART association/American stroke association. Stroke [Internet]. 2019 Dec [cited 2020 Mar 31];50(12). Available from https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STR.0000000000000211
  • Khatri P, Conaway MR, Johnston KC. Ninety-day outcome rates of a prospective cohort of consecutive mild ischemic stroke patients. Stroke J Cereb Circ. 2012 Feb;43(2):560–562.
  • Kim J-T, Park M-S, Chang J, et al., Proximal arterial occlusion in acute ischemic stroke with low nihss scores should not be considered as mild stroke. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2013 Aug 16 [cited 2020 Jun 29];8(8). Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3745393/
  • Yasir S, Nogueira Raul G, Rodrigues Gabriel M, et al. Acute neurological deterioration in large vessel occlusions and mild symptoms managed medically. Stroke. 2020 May 1;51(5):1428–1434.
  • Haussen DC, Bouslama M, Grossberg JA, et al. Too good to intervene? Thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion strokes with minimal symptoms: an intention-to-treat analysis. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017 Oct;9(10):917–921.
  • Sarraj A, Hassan A, Savitz SI, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy for mild strokes: how low should we go? Stroke. 2018;49(10):2398–2405.
  • Leslie-Mazwi T, Chandra RV, Baxter BW, et al. ELVO: an operational definition. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018 Jun;10(6):507–509.
  • Altenbernd J, Kuhnt O, Hennigs S, et al. Frontline ADAPT therapy to treat patients with symptomatic M2 and M3 occlusions in acute ischemic stroke: initial experience with the Penumbra ACE and 3MAX reperfusion system. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018 May;10(5):434–439.
  • Haussen DC, Lima A, Nogueira RG, et al. 3 × 20 mm retriever (‘Baby Trevo’) for the treatment of distal intracranial occlusions. J Neurointerv Surg. 2016 Mar;8(3):295–299.
  • Mokin M, Fargen KM, Primiani CT, et al. Vessel perforation during stent retriever thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: technical details and clinical outcomes. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017 Oct;9(10):922–928.
  • Premat K, Bartolini B, Baronnet-Chauvet F, et al. Single-center experience using the 3MAX reperfusion catheter for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with distal arterial occlusions. Clin Neuroradiol. 2018 Dec;28(4):553–562.
  • Coutinho JM, Liebeskind DS, Slater L-A, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy for isolated M2 occlusions: a post hoc analysis of the STAR, SWIFT, and SWIFT PRIME studies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016 Apr;37(4):667–672.
  • Sarraj A, Sangha N, Hussain MS, et al. Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery M2 segment. JAMA Neurol. 2016 Nov 1;73(11):1291–1296.
  • Grossberg Jonathan A, Rebello Leticia C, Haussen Diogo C, et al. Beyond large vessel occlusion strokes. Stroke. 2018 Jul 1;49(7):1662–1668.
  • Kunz Wolfgang G, Almekhlafi Mohammed A, Mayank G. Distal vessel occlusions. Stroke. 2018 Jul 1;49(7):1581–1583.
  • Al-Ali F, Tomsick TA, Connors JJ, et al. Capillary index score in the interventional management of stroke trials I and II. Stroke. 2014 Jul;45(7):1999–2003.
  • Ma H, Wright P, Allport L, et al. Salvage of the PWI/DWI mismatch up to 48 h from stroke onset leads to favorable clinical outcome. Int J Stroke. 2015 Jun;10(4):565–570.
  • Parthasarathy R, Gupta V. Mechanical thrombectomy: answering unanswered. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2020;23(1):13–19.
  • Bourcier R, Goyal M, Liebeskind DS, et al. Association of time from stroke onset to groin puncture with quality of reperfusion after mechanical thrombectomy. JAMA Neurol. 2019 Apr;76(4):405–411.
  • Román LS, Menon BK, Blasco J, et al. Imaging features and safety and efficacy of endovascular stroke treatment: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Oct;17(10):895–904.
  • Mourand I, Abergel E, Mantilla D, et al. Favorable revascularization therapy in patients with ASPECTS ≤ 5 on DWI in anterior circulation stroke. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018 Jan;10(1):5–9.
  • Mechanical thrombectomy in ischemic stroke patients with alberta stroke program early computed tomography score 0–5 | stroke [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jun 30]. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023465?platform=hootsuite
  • Bendszus M, Bonekamp S, Berge E, et al. A randomized controlled trial to test efficacy and safety of thrombectomy in stroke with extended lesion and extended time window. Int J Stroke Off J Int Stroke Soc. 2019;14(1):87–93.
  • Johannes K, Panagiotis C-I, Leonidas P, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy in ischemic stroke patients with alberta stroke program early computed tomography score 0–5. Stroke. 2019 Apr 1;50(4):880–888.
  • Le Bouc R, Clarençon F, Meseguer E, et al. Efficacy of endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke depends on age and clinical severity. Stroke. 2018 Jul;49(7):1686–1694.
  • Son S, Kang D-H, Hwang Y-H, et al. Efficacy, safety, and clinical outcome of modern mechanical thrombectomy in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2017 Sep;159(9):1663–1669.
  • Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016 Apr;387(10029):1723–1731.
  • Hilditch CA, Nicholson P, Murad MH, et al. Endovascular management of acute stroke in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018;39(5):887–891.
  • Schonewille WJ, Wijman CA, Michel P, et al. Treatment and outcomes of acute basilar artery occlusion in the Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study (BASICS): a prospective registry study. Lancet Neurol. 2009 8;Aug(8):724–730.
  • Vergouwen MDI, Algra A, Pfefferkorn T, et al. Time is brain (stem) in basilar artery occlusion. Stroke. 2012 Nov;43(11):3003–3006.
  • Liu X, Dai Q, Ye R, et al. Endovascular treatment versus standard medical treatment for vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (BEST): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020 Feb;19(2):115–122.
  • Assessment of endovascular treatment for acute basilar artery occlusion via a nationwide prospective registry | cerebrovascular disease | JAMA neurology | JAMA network [Internet]. [cited 2020 Mar 31]. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/2761770
  • Ryu C-W, Kim BM, Kim H-G, et al. Optimizing outcome prediction scores in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusions using collateral grade on computed tomography angiography. Neurosurgery. 2019 01;85(3):350–358.
  • Abou-Chebl A, Lin R, Hussain MS, et al. Conscious sedation versus general anesthesia during endovascular therapy for acute anterior circulation stroke: preliminary results from a retrospective, multicenter study. Stroke. 2010 Jun;41(6):1175–1179.
  • Brinjikji W, Murad MH, Rabinstein AA, et al. Conscious sedation versus general anesthesia during endovascular acute ischemic stroke treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 Mar;36(3):525–529.
  • John N, Mitchell P, Dowling R, et al. Is general anaesthesia preferable to conscious sedation in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke with intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy? A review of the literature. Neuroradiology. 2013 Jan;55(1):93–100.
  • Jumaa MA, Zhang F, Ruiz-Ares G, et al. Comparison of safety and clinical and radiographic outcomes in endovascular acute stroke therapy for proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion with intubation and general anesthesia versus the nonintubated state. Stroke. 2010 Jun;41(6):1180–1184.
  • Just C, Rizek P, Tryphonopoulos P, et al. Outcomes of general anesthesia and conscious sedation in endovascular treatment for stroke. Can J Neurol Sci J Can Sci Neurol. 2016 Sep;43(5):655–658.
  • Wan T-F, Xu R, Zhao Z-A, et al. Outcomes of general anesthesia versus conscious sedation for stroke undergoing endovascular treatment: a meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol. 2019 Dec;19(1):69.
  • Löwhagen Hendén P, Rentzos A, Karlsson J-E, et al. General anesthesia versus conscious sedation for endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke: the anstroke trial (anesthesia during stroke). Stroke. 2017 Jun;48(6):1601–1607.
  • Schönenberger S, Uhlmann L, Hacke W, et al. Effect of conscious sedation vs general anesthesia on early neurological improvement among patients with ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016 Nov 15;316(19):1986.
  • Simonsen CZ, Yoo AJ, Sørensen LH, et al. Effect of general anesthesia and conscious sedation during endovascular therapy on infarct growth and clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2018 Apr 1;75(4):470.
  • Schönenberger S, Hendén PL, Simonsen CZ, et al. Association of general anesthesia vs procedural sedation with functional outcome among patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing thrombectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2019 Oct 1;322(13):1283.
  • Powers CJ, Dornbos D, Mlynash M, et al. Thrombectomy with conscious sedation compared with general anesthesia: a DEFUSE 3 analysis. Am J Neuroradiol. 2019 Jun;40(6):1001–1005.
  • Cappellari M, Pracucci G, Forlivesi S, et al. General anesthesia versus conscious sedation and local anesthesia during thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2020 Jul;51(7):2036–2044.
  • Ribo M, Flores A, Rubiera M, et al. Difficult catheter access to the occluded vessel during endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke is associated with worse clinical outcome. J Neurointerv Surg. 2013 May;5(suppl 1):i70–3.
  • Théron J, Guimaraens L, Casasco A, et al. Radial approach in the treatment of supraaortic arterial lesions. Interv Neuroradiol. 2007 Jun;13(2):133–144.
  • Mendiz OA, Sampaolesi AH, Londero HF, et al. Initial experience with transradial access for carotid artery stenting. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2011 Aug;45(6):499–503.
  • Jadhav AP, Ribo M, Grandhi R, et al. Transcervical access in acute ischemic stroke. J Neurointerv Surg. 2014 Nov;6(9):652–657.
  • Nii K, Kazekawa K, Onizuka M, et al. Direct carotid puncture for the endovascular treatment of anterior circulation aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Aug;27(7):1502–1504.
  • Fugate JE, Klunder AM, Kallmes DF. What is meant by “TICI”? Am J Neuroradiol. 2013 Sep;34(9):1792–1797.
  • Zaidat OO, Bozorgchami H, Ribó M, et al. Primary results of the multicenter arise ii study (analysis of revascularization in ischemic stroke with embotrap). Stroke. 2018 May;49(5):1107–1115.
  • Gory B, Lapergue B, Blanc R, et al. Contact aspiration versus stent retriever in patients with acute ischemic stroke with M2 occlusion in the ASTER randomized trial (contact aspiration versus stent retriever for successful revascularization). Stroke. 2018 Feb;49(2):461–464.
  • Jindal G, Serulle Y, Miller T, et al. Stent retrieval thrombectomy in acute stoke is facilitated by the concurrent use of intracranial aspiration catheters. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017 Oct;9(10):944–947.
  • Lapergue B, Blanc R, Gory B, et al. Effect of endovascular contact aspiration vs stent retriever on revascularization in patients with acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion: the ASTER randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017 Aug 1;318(5):443.
  • Turk AS, Siddiqui A, Fifi JT, et al. Aspiration thrombectomy versus stent retriever thrombectomy as first-line approach for large vessel occlusion (COMPASS): a multicentre, randomised, open label, blinded outcome, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2019 Mar;393(10175):998–1008.
  • Turk AS, Turner R, Spiotta A, et al. Comparison of endovascular treatment approaches for acute ischemic stroke: cost effectiveness, technical success, and clinical outcomes. J Neurointerv Surg. 2015 Sep;7(9):666–670.
  • Phipps MS, Cronin CA. Management of acute ischemic stroke. BMJ. 2020 Feb 13;368:l6983.
  • Balami JS, White PM, McMeekin PJ, et al. Complications of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke: prevention and management. Int J Stroke Off J Int Stroke Soc. 2018;13(4):348–361.
  • Khatri R, Maud A, Rodriguez GJ. Complications during mechanical thrombectomy: pitfalls and bailouts. In: Samaniego EA, Hasan D, editors. Acute stroke management in the era of thrombectomy [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2019 [cited 2020 May 2]. 173–190. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-17535-1_14
  • Akpinar SH, Yilmaz G. Periprocedural complications in endovascular stroke treatment. Br J Radiol [Internet]. 2016 Jan [cited 2020 May 2];89(1057):20150267. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4985942/
  • Soize S, Barbe C, Kadziolka K, et al. Predictive factors of outcome and hemorrhage after acute ischemic stroke treated by mechanical thrombectomy with a stent-retriever. Neuroradiology. 2013 Aug;55(8):977–987.
  • Jiang S, Fei A, Peng Y, et al. Predictors of outcome and hemorrhage in patients undergoing endovascular therapy with solitaire stent for acute ischemic stroke. PloS One. 2015;10(12):e0144452.
  • Frontiers | CODE STROKE ALERT—concept and development of a novel open-source platform to streamline acute stroke management | neurology [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jun 30]. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2019.00725/full
  • Munich SA, Tan LA, Nogueira DM, et al. Mobile real-time tracking of acute stroke patients and instant, secure inter-team communication - the join app. Neurointervention. 2017 Sep;12(2):69–76.
  • Artificial intelligence to diagnose ischemic stroke and identify large vessel occlusions: a systematic review | journal of neurointerventional surgery [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jun 30]. Available from: https://jnis.bmj.com/content/12/2/156
  • Organization of endovascular thrombectomy | stroke [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jun 30]. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.024482
  • Menon DB Alteplase compared to tenecteplase in patients with acute ischemic stroke: quICR & OPTIMISE registry based pragmatic randomized controlled trial [Internet]. clinicaltrials.gov; 2019 Dec [cited 2020 Jun 29]. Report No.: NCT03889249. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03889249
  • Tenecteplase in wake-up ischaemic stroke trial - full text view - clinicaltrials.gov [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 9]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03181360
  • Kurz MW, Ospel JM, Advani R, et al. Simulation methods in acute stroke treatment: current state of affairs and implications. Stroke. 2020 Jul;51(7):1978–1982.
  • Chia NH, Leyden JM, Newbury J, et al. Determining the number of ischemic strokes potentially eligible for endovascular thrombectomy: a population-based study. Stroke. 2016 May;47(5):1377–1380.
  • Campbell BCV, van Zwam WH, Goyal M, et al. Effect of general anaesthesia on functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation ischaemic stroke having endovascular thrombectomy versus standard care: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Jan;17(1):47–53.
  • Menon BK, Hill MD, Davalos A, et al. Efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with M2 segment middle cerebral artery occlusions: meta-analysis of data from the HERMES Collaboration. J Neurointerv Surg. 2019 Nov;11(11):1065–1069.
  • Saver JL, Goyal M, van der Lugt A, et al. Time to treatment with endovascular thrombectomy and outcomes from ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016 Sep 27;316(12):1279.
  • Campbell BCV, Majoie CBLM, Albers GW, et al. Penumbral imaging and functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation ischaemic stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy versus medical therapy: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Jan;18(1):46–55.
  • Desai SM, Rocha M, Molyneaux BJ, et al. Thrombectomy 6-24 hours after stroke in trial ineligible patients. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018 Nov;10(11):1033–1037.
  • Ducroux C, Khoury N, Lecler A, et al. Application of the DAWN clinical imaging mismatch and DEFUSE 3 selection criteria: benefit seems similar but restrictive volume cut-offs might omit potential responders. Eur J Neurol. 2018 Aug;25(8):1093–1099.
  • Gautheron V, Xie Y, Tisserand M, et al. Outcome after reperfusion therapies in patients with large baseline diffusion-weighted imaging stroke lesions: a THRACE trial (mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke) subgroup analysis. Stroke. 2018 Mar;49(3):750–753.
  • Manceau P-F, Soize S, Gawlitza M, et al. Is there a benefit of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with large stroke (DWI-ASPECTS ≤ 5)? Eur J Neurol. 2018 Jan;25(1):105–110.
  • Rebello LC, Bouslama M, Haussen DC, et al. Endovascular treatment for patients with acute stroke who have a large ischemic core and large mismatch imaging profile. JAMA Neurol. 2017 Jan 1;74(1):34.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.