Are you ‘woman enough’ to control your leading cause of death?: an ethnographic content analysis of women’s cardiovascular disease and identities in media narratives

References

• Ali, NS 2002, ‘Prevention of coronary heart disease prevention behaviors in women: a test of the health belief model’, Women & Health, vol. 35, pp. 83–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altheide, DL 1996, Qualitative media analysis, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Altheide, DL & Schneider, CJ 2013, Qualitative media analysis, 2nd ed. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Campo, S & Mastin, T 2007, ‘Placing the burden on the individual: overweight and obesity n African American and mainstream women’s magazines’, Health Communication, vol. 22, 229–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013, Leading causes of death in females [online], viewed 21 October 2014, <http://www.cdc.gov/women/lcod/>.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, J 2010, ‘Heart disease and gender in mass print media’, Maturitas, vol. 65, pp. 215–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, JN & Binns, J 2006, ‘The portrayal of heart disease in mass print magazines, 1991–2001’, Health Communication, vol. 19, pp. 39–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, J & van Amerom, G 2008, ‘Mass print media depictions of cancer and heart disease: community versus individualistic perspectives?’, Health and Social Care in the Community, vol. 16, pp. 96–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, J, van Amerom, G & Binns, J 2007, ‘Gender and heart disease in mass print media: 1991, 1996, 2001’, Women & Health, vol. 45, pp. 17–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Condé Nast 2014, Glamour: print circulation demographics [online], Glamour Media Kit, viewed 15 November 2014, <http://www.condenast.com/brands/glamour/media-kit/print>.
   Google Scholar
• Costello, P 2003, October. ‘Health handbook: the 20 most important health questions women don’t ask their doctors’, Glamour, pp. 97–110.
   Google Scholar
• Drake, L. 2003, October. Why healthy = beautiful. Glamour, pp. 224–7.
   Google Scholar
• Dubriwny, T 2012, The vulnerable empowered woman: feminism, postfeminism and women’s health, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ.
   Google Scholar
• Dworkin, S & Wachs, FL 2009, Body panic: gender, health and the selling of fitness, New York University Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Edy, CM 2010, ‘Women’s magazine coverage of heart disease risk factors: Good Housekeeping magazine, 1997 to 2007’, Women & Health, vol. 50, pp. 176–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fikkan, JL & Rothblum, ED 2012, ‘Is fat a feminist issue? Exploring the gendered nature of weight bias’, Sex Roles, vol. 66, pp. 575–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glenn, NM, McGannon, KR & Spence, JC 2013, ‘Exploring media representations of weight-loss surgery’, Qualitative Health Research, vol. 23, pp. 631–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollust, SE & Lantz, PM 2009, ‘Communicating population health: print news media coverage of type 2 diabetes’, Social Science & Medicine, vol. 69, pp. 1091–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, AF, Lee, C & Crabb, S 2015, ‘“Take ownership of your condition”: Australian women’s health and risk talk in relation to their experiences of breast cancer’, Health, Risk & Society, vol. 17, pp. 132–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heart and Stroke Foundation 2014, Women and heart disease and stroke [online], viewed 15 November 2014, http://www.heartandstroke.on.ca/site/c.pvI3IeNWJwE/b.3581757/k.DA04/Heart_Disease__Women_and_heart_disease_and_stroke.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Hodgetts, D & Chamberlain, K 2006, ‘Developing a critical media research agenda for health psychology’, Journal of Health Psychology, vol. 11, pp. 317–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jette, S 2006, ‘Fit for two? A critical discourse analysis of oxygen fitness magazine’, Sociology of Sport Journal, vol. 23, pp. 331–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanjilal, S, Gregg, EW, Cheng, YJ, Zhang, P, Nelson, DE, Mensah, G & Beckles, GLA 2006, ‘Socioeconomic status and trends in disparities in 4 major risk factors of cardiovascular disease among US adults, 1971-2002’, JAMA: Archives in Internal Medicine, vol. 166, pp. 2348–55.
   Google Scholar
• Kling, JM, Miller, VM, Mankad, R, Wilansky, S, Wu, Q, Zais, TG, Zarling, KK, Allison, TG, & Mulvagh, SL 2013, ‘Go Red for women cardiovascular health-screening evaluation: the dichotomy between awareness and perception of cardiovascular risk in the community’, Journal of Women’s Health, vol. 22, pp. 210–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, S 2006, Pink ribbons inc: breast cancer and the politics of philanthropy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
   Google Scholar
• King, S 2010, ‘Pink diplomacy: on the uses and abuses of breast cancer awareness’, Health Communication, vol. 25, pp. 286–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leive, C 2003a, October, ‘Every woman needs a little red dress’, Glamour, p. 50.
   Google Scholar
• Leive, C, 2003b, October, ‘Must-read issue: your urgent health questions answered: Glamour’, Glamour, p. cover.
   Google Scholar
• Leive, C, 2003c, October, ‘Take care of yourself!’, Glamour, pp. 201–11.
   Google Scholar
• Liburd, LC, Jack, LJ, Williams, S, & Tucker, P 2005, ‘Intervening on the social determinants of cardiovascular disease and diabetes’, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 29, 18–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindner, K 2004, ‘Images of women in general interest and fashion magazine advertisements from 1995 to 2002’, Sex Roles, vol. 51, pp. 409–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, T, Taubenheim, A, McDonough, S, Austin, P, Wayman, J & Temple, S 2011, ‘Delivering The Heart Truth® to women through community education’, Social Marketing Quarterly, vol. 17, pp. 24–40.
   Google Scholar
• Long, T, Taubenheim, A, Wayman, J, Temple, S & Ruoff, B 2008, ‘“The Heart Truth:” using the power of branding and social marketing to increase awareness of heart disease in women’, Social Marketing Quarterly, vol. 14, pp. 3–29.
   Google Scholar
• Long, T, Taubenheim, A, Wayman, J, Temple, S & Yu, E 2010, ‘Using social media to reach women with The Heart Truth® – 2009 update’, Cases in Public Health Communication & Marketing, vol. 4, pp. 55–68.
   Google Scholar
• Lyons, A 2000, ‘Examining media representations: benefits for health psychology’, Journal of Health Psychology, vol. 5, pp. 349–58.
   Google Scholar
• McGannon, KR, Curtin, K, Schinke, RJ & Schweinbenz, AN 2012, ‘(De)constructing Paula Radcliffe: exploring media representations of elite athletes, pregnancy and motherhood through cultural sport psychology’, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, vol. 13, pp. 820–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGannon, KR & Spence, JC 2012, ‘Exploring news media representations of women’s exercise and subjectivity through critical discourse analysis’, Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise & Health, vol. 4, pp. 32–50.
   Google Scholar
• McMahan, CA, Gidding, SS & McGill, HC 2008, ‘Coronary heart disease risk factors and atherosclerosis in young people’, Journal of Clinical Lipidology, vol. 2, pp. 118–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mega Media Marketing 2008, Demographics [online], viewed 6 December 2014, http://www.megamediamarketing.com/demographics.html.
   Google Scholar
• Mochari-Greenberger, H, Miller, KL & Mosca, L 2012, ‘Racial/ethnic and age differences in women’s awareness of heart disease’, Journal of Women’s Health, vol. 21, pp. 476–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moeran, B 2006, ‘More than just a fashion magazine’, Current Sociology, vol. 54, pp. 725–44.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, SEH 2010, ‘Is the healthy body gendered? Toward a feminist critique of the new paradigm of health’, Body & Society, vol. 16, 95–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran, B & Walsh, T 2013, ‘Cardiovascular disease in women: how nurses can promote awareness and prevention’, Nursing for Women’s Health, vol. 17, pp. 63–8.
   Google Scholar
• Mosca, L, Ferris, A, Fabunmi, R & Robertson, RM 2004, ‘Tracking women’s awareness of heart disease: an American Heart Association national study’, Circulation, vol. 109, pp. 573–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosca, L, Hammond, G, Mochari-Greenberger, H, Towfighi, A & Albert, MA 2013, ‘Fifteen-year trends in awareness of heart disease in women: results of a 2012 American Heart Association national survey’, Circulation, vol. 127, pp. 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naugle, W & Chen, D 2003, ‘It’s time to save your life’, Glamour, October, pp. 201–11, 270–1.
   Google Scholar
• O’Keefe, DJ & Jensen, JD 2007, ‘The relative persuasiveness of gain-framed loss-framed messages for encouraging disease prevention behaviors: a meta-analytic review’, Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives, vol. 12, pp. 623–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, GY, Ruiter, RAC & Kok, G 2013, ‘Threatening communication: a critical re-analysis and a revised meta-analytic test of fear appeal theory’, Health Psychology Review, vol. 7, pp. 8–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phoenix, C., 2010. ‘Seeing the world of physical culture: the potential of visual methods for qualitative research in sport and exercise’, Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise, vol. 2, pp. 93–108.
   Google Scholar
• Rock, M 2005, ‘Diabetes portrayals in North American print media: a qualitative and quantitative analysis’, American Journal of Public Health, vol. 95, pp. 1832–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roger, VL, Go, AS, Lloyd-Jones, DM, Benjamin, EJ, Berry, JD, Borden, WB, Bravata, DM, Dai, S, Ford, ES, Fox, CS, Fullerton, HJ, Gillespie, C, Hailpern, SM, Heit, JA, Howard, VJ, Kissela, BM, Kittner, SJ, Lackland, DT, Lichtman, JH, Lisabeth, LD, Makuc, DM, Marcus, GM, Marelli, A, Matchar, DB, Moy, CS, Mozaffarian, D, Mussolino, ME, Nichol, G, Paynter, NP, Soliman, EZ, Sorlie, PD, Sotoodehnia, N, Turan, TN, Virani, SS, Wong, ND, Woo, D, & Turner, MB 2012, ‘Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association’, Circulation, vol. 125, pp. 2–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothstein, WG 2006, ‘Dietary fat, coronary heart disease, and cancer: a historical review’, Preventive Medicine, vol. 43, pp. 356–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy, SC 2008, ‘“Taking charge of your health”: discourses of responsibility in English-Canadian women’s magazines’, Sociology of Health & Illness, vol. 30, pp. 463–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott-Dixon, K 2008, ‘Big girls don't cry: fitness, fatness, and the production of feminist knowledge’, Sociology of Sport Journal, vol. 25, pp. 22–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparkes, AC & Smith, B 2009, ‘Judging the quality of qualitative inquiry: criteriology and relativism in action’, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, vol. 10, pp. 491–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stampfer, MJ, Hu, FB, Manson, JE, Rimm, EB & Willett, WC 2000, ‘Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle’, The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 343, pp. 16–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulik, G 2012, Pink ribbon blues: how breast cancer culture hurts women’s health, Oxford University Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Tindall, NTJ & Vardeman-Winter, J 2011, ‘Complications in segmenting campaign publics: women of color explain their problems, involvement, and constraints in reading heart disease communication’, Howard Journal of Communications, vol. 22, pp. 280–301.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2014, Fashion Week [online], viewed 17 December 2014, http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/hearttruth/events/fashion-week.htm.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2013, About The Heart Truth^® [online], viewed 15 November 2014, http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/educational/hearttruth/about/index.htm.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2012, Red dress gaining momentum: awareness of the national symbol for women and heart disease on the rise [online], viewed 15 November 2014, http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/educational/hearttruth/about/reddressurveyupdate.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Ussher, JM 2006, Managing the monstrous feminine: regulating the reproductive body, Psychology Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Vanderman-Winter, J & Tindall, NTJ 2010, ‘“If it’s a woman’s issue, I pay attention to it”: gendered and intersectional complications in The Heart Truth media campaign’, PRism, vol. 7, pp. 1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Vertinsky, PA 1998, The eternally wounded woman: women, doctors and exercise in the late nineteenth century, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
   Google Scholar
• Wayman, W, Long, T, Ruoff, BA, Temple, S & Taubenheim, AM 2008, ‘Creating a women and heart disease brand: the Heart Truth campaign's Red Dress’, Social Marketing Quarterly, vol. 14, pp. 40–57.
   Google Scholar
• Wharf Higgins, JW, Naylor, PJ, Berry, T, O'Connor, B & McLean, D 2006, ‘The health buck stops where? Thematic framing of health discourse to understand the context for CVD prevention’, Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives, vol. 11, 343–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis, LE & Knobloch-Westerwick, S 2014, ‘Weighing women down: messages on weight loss and body shaping in editorial content in popular women’s health and fitness magazines’, Health Communication, vol. 29, pp. 323–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WomenHeart 2014, Our story [online], viewed 26 July 2015, https://womenheart.site-ym.com/?page=About_UsOur_Story.
   Google Scholar