From prison to integration: applying modified labeling theory to sex offenders

References

• Arneson , R. 2007 . Shame, stigma, and disgust in the decent society . Journal of Ethics , 11 ( 1 ) : 31 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Becker , H.S. 1963 . Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance , New York , NY : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burchfield , K.B. and Mingus , W. 2008 . Not in my neighborhood: Assessing registered sex offenders’ experiences with local social capital and social control . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 35 : 356 – 374 . doi: 10.1177/0093854807311375
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker , J. and Major , B. 1989 . Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma . Psychological Review , 96 ( 4 ) : 608 – 630 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , W. and Hensley , C. 2001 . Contextualizing sex offender management legislation and policy: Evaluating the problem of latent consequences in community notification laws . International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology , 45 ( 1 ) : 83 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erikson , K.T. 1969 . Wayward Puritan: A study in the sociology of deviance , New York , NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Falk , G. 2001 . Stigma: How we treat outsiders , Amherst , NY : Prometheus Books .
   Google Scholar
• Farkas , M.A. and Stichman , A. 2002 . Sex offender laws: Can treatment, punishment, incapacitation, and public safety be reconciled? . Criminal Justice Review , 27 ( 2 ) : 256 – 283 . doi: 10.1177/073401680202700204
   Google Scholar
• Fife , B.L. and Wright , E.R. 2000 . The dimensionality of stigma: A comparison of its impact on the self of persons with HIV/AIDS and cancer . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , : 50 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman-Longo , R.E. 1996 . Prevention or problem . Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , 8 ( 2 ) : 91 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Goffman , E. 1963 . Stigma: Notes on the management of a spoiled identity , New York , NY : Simon & Shuster .
   Google Scholar
• Green , S.E. 2003 . ‘What do you mean “what’s wrong with her?”’: Stigma and the lives of families of children with disabilities . Social Science & Medicine , 57 ( 8 ) : 1361 – 1374 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson , R. and Harris , A. Jr. 2000 . Where should we intervene? Dynamic predictors of sexual offense recidivism . Criminal Justice and Behavior , 27 ( 1 ) : 6 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding , D.J. 2003 . Jean Valjean’s dilemma: The management of ex-convict identity in the search for employment . Deviant Behavior , 24 : 571 – 595 . doi: 10.1080/01639620390225877
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hepburn , J.R. and Griffin , M.L. 2004 . The effect of social bonds on successful adjustment to probation: An event history analysis . Criminal Justice Review , 29 ( 1 ) : 46 – 75 . doi: 10.1177/073401680402900105
   Google Scholar
• Houle , B. and Siegel , M. 2009 . Smoker-free workplace policies: Developing a model of public health consequences of workplace policies barring employment to smokers . Tobacco Control , 18 ( 1 ) : 64 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson , K. 2005 . Offending identities: Sex offenders’ perspectives of their treatment and management , Cullompton : Willan Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins , P. 1998 . Moral panic, changing concepts of the child molester in modern America , New York , NY : Vail-Ballou Press .
   Google Scholar
• Katz , I. 1979 . Some thoughts about the stigma notion . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 5 ( 4 ) : 447 – 460 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenson , J.S. , D’Amora , D.A. and Hern , A.L. 2007 . Megan’s law and its impact on community re-entry for sex offenders . Behavioral Sciences & the Law , 25 ( 4 ) : 587 – 602 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link , B.G. , Cullen , F.T. , Struening , E. , Shrout , P.E. and Dohrenwend , B.P. 1989 . A modified labeling theory approach to mental disorders: An empirical assessment . American Sociological Review , 54 ( 3 ) : 400 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manza , J. , Brooks , C. and Uggen , C. 2004 . Public attitudes toward felon disenfranchisement in the United States . Public Opinion Quarterly , 68 ( 2 ) : 275 – 286 . doi: 10.1093/nfh015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey , D. and Lundy , G. 2001 . Use of black English and racial discrimination in urban housing markets: New methods and findings . Urban Affairs Review , 36 ( 4 ) : 452 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyserman , D. and Swim , J.K. 2001 . Stigma: An insider’s view . Journal of Social Issues , 57 ( 1 ) : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersilia , J. 1999 . Parole and prisoner reentry in the United States . Crime and Justice: A Review of Research , 26 : 479 – 529 .
   Google Scholar
• Pittam , J. and Gallois , C. 2000 . Malevolence, stigma, and social distance: Maximizing intergroup differences in HIV/AIDS discourse . Journal of Applied Communication Research , 28 ( 1 ) : 24 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presser , L. and Gunnison , E. 1999 . Strange bedfellows: Is sex offender notification a form of community justice? . Crime Delinquency , 45 : 299 – 315 . doi: 10.1177/0011128799045003001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn , J.F. , Forsyth , C.J. and Mullen-Quinn , C. 2004 . Societal reaction to sex offenders: A review of the origins and results of the myths surrounding their crimes and treatment amenability . Deviant Behavior , 25 ( 3 ) : 215 – 232 . doi: 10.1080/01639620490431147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rackl, L., & Fusco, C. (2005, July 10). Nothing more vile than sex offenders. Chicago Sun Times, 7
   Google Scholar
• Rodgers , D.M. 2003 . ‘The stigmatizers and the stigmatized’: Enacting the social construction of difference and discrimination . Teaching Sociology , 31 ( 3 ) : 319 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheff , T.J. 1999 . Being mentally ill: A sociological theory , Chicago , IL : Aldine De Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Schwarcz , D. 2003 . Shame, stigma, and crime . Harvard Law Review , 116 ( 7 ) : 2186 – 2207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewksbury , R. 2005 . Collateral consequences of sex offender registration . Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice , 21 ( 1 ) : 67 – 81 . doi: 10.1177/1043986204271704
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , J. and Mingus , W. 2007 . “ Sex offender registries ” . In Battleground: Criminal justice , Edited by: Barak , G. Vol. 2 , 681 – 693 . Westport , CT : Greenwood Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tofte , S. 2007 . No easy answer, sex offender laws in the US . Human Rights Watch , 19 ( 4 ) : 1 – 146 .
   Google Scholar