The discovery of thermodynamics

References

• S. Carnot, (1824). Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu et sur les machines propres à développer cette puissance, Bachelier, Paris, 1824. Available at http://books.google.com/ books?id=YcY9AAAAMAAJ
   Google Scholar
• Joule , J.P. 1842 . Phil. Mag. Series , 3 ( 20 ) : 98
   Google Scholar
• Joule , J.P. 1843 . Phil. Mag. Series , 3 ( 20 ) : 204
   Google Scholar
• J. P. Joule, Phil. Mag. Series 3 23 (1843) p. 263; Phil. Mag. Series 3 23 (1843) p.347; Phil. Mag. Series 3 23 (1843) p.435.
   Google Scholar
• Petit , A-T and Dulong , P-L . 1819 . Annales de Chimie et de Physique , 10 : 395
   Google Scholar
• Joule , J.P. 1844 . Phil. Mag. Series , 3 ( 25 ) : 334
   Google Scholar
• Joule , J.P. 1845 . Phil. Mag. Series , 3 ( 26 ) : 369
   Google Scholar
• Joule , J.P. 1845 . Phil. Mag. Series , 3 ( 27 ) : 205
   Google Scholar
• Joule , J.P. 1847 . Phil. Mag. Series , 3 ( 31 ) : 173
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1851 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 1 ) : 398
   Google Scholar
• R. Clausius, Phil. Mag. Series 4 2 (1851) p. 1; Phil. Mag. Series 4 2 (1851) p.102.
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1851 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 2 ) : 483
   Google Scholar
• W. Thomson, Phil. Mag. Series 4 4 (1852) p. 8; Phil. Mag. Series 4 4 (1852) p.105; Phil. Mag. Series 4 4 (1852) p.168; Phil. Mag. Series 4 4 (1852) p.424.
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1856 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 12 ) : 81
   Google Scholar
• R. Clausius, Phil. Mag. Series 4 12 (1856) p. 241; Phil. Mag. Series 4 12 (1856) p.338.
   Google Scholar
• Joule , J.P. 1853 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 5 ) : 1
   Google Scholar
• Thomson , W. 1854 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 7 ) : 347
   Google Scholar
• Joule , J.P. 1856 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 12 ) : 385
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1857 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 14 ) : 108
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1859 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 17 ) : 81
   Google Scholar
• J.C. Maxwell, Phil. Mag. Series 4 19 (1860) p. 19; Phil. Mag. Series 4 20 (1860) p.21. See also his 1868 paper [33].
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1860 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 19 ) : 434
   Google Scholar
• R. Clausius, Phil. Mag. Series 4 23 (1862) p. 417; Phil. Mag. Series 4 23 (1862) p.512.
   Google Scholar
• J. Tyndall, Phil. Mag. Series 4 25 (1863) p. 220; Phil. Mag. Series 4 25 (1863) p.368.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , J.R. 1863 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 25 ) : 493
   Google Scholar
• J.R. Mayer, Phil. Mag. Series 4 24 (1862) p.371.
   Google Scholar
• Joule , J.P. 1863 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 26 ) : 145
   Google Scholar
• P.G. Tait, Phil. Mag. Series 4 28 (1864) p. 288.
   Google Scholar
• R. Clausius, Phil. Mag. Series 4 24 (1862) p. 81; Phil. Mag. Series 4 24 (1862) p.201.
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1866 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 32 ) : 1
   Google Scholar
• Rankine , W.J.M. 1865 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 30 ) : 241
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1868 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 35 ) : 405
   Google Scholar
• J.C. Maxwell, Phil. Mag. Series 4 35 (1868) p. 129; Phil. Mag. Series 4 35 (1868) p.185.
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1870 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 40 ) : 122
   Google Scholar
• The unit “erg” is derived from the same Greek word, 1[erg] = 10 [J].
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1871 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 42 ) : 161
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1872 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 44 ) : 365
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1873 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 46 ) : 1
   Google Scholar
• R. Clausius, Phil. Mag. Series 4 46 (1873) p. 236; Phil. Mag. Series 4 46 (1873) p.266.
   Google Scholar
• Szily , C. 1873 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 46 ) : 426
   Google Scholar
• Clausius , R. 1874 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 48 ) : 1
   Google Scholar
• R. Clausius, Phil. Mag. Series 4 50 (1875) p. 26; Phil. Mag. Series 4 50 (1875) p.101; Phil. Mag. Series 4 50 (1875) p.191.
   Google Scholar
• Szily , C. 1876 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 1 ) : 22
   Google Scholar
• Boltzmann , L. 1875 . Phil. Mag. Series , 4 ( 50 ) : 495
   Google Scholar
• Szily , C. 1876 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 2 ) : 254
   Google Scholar
• L. Boltzmann, Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien 63 (1871) p. 670; Sitzungsberichte der Wiener Akademie der Wissenschaften 63 (1871) p.712.
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1876 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 1 ) : 61
   Google Scholar
• Boltzmann , L. 1877 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 3 ) : 320
   Google Scholar
• Boltzmann , L. 1878 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 6 ) : 236
   Google Scholar
• A. Avogadro, Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire naturelle et des arts 73 (1811) p. 58.
   Google Scholar
• Loschmidt , J.J. 1866 . Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien , 52 : 395
   Google Scholar
• Boltzmann , L. 1882 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 14 ) : 299
   Google Scholar
• Tait , P.G. 1886 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 21 ) : 343
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1886 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 21 ) : 481
   Google Scholar
• Tait , P.G. 1887 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 23 ) : 141
   Google Scholar
• Boltzmann , L. 1887 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 23 ) : 305
   Google Scholar
• Tait , P.G. 1887 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 23 ) : 433
   Google Scholar
• Tait , P.G. 1887 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 25 ) : 38
   Google Scholar
• Boltzmann , L. 1887 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 25 ) : 81
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1887 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 25 ) : 129
   Google Scholar
• Tait , P.G. 1887 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 25 ) : 172
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , H. 1890 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 30 ) : 298
   Google Scholar
• Rayleigh , Lord . 1892 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 33 ) : 356
   Google Scholar
• Kelvin , Lord . 1892 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 33 ) : 466
   Google Scholar
• Boltzmann , L. 1893 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 35 ) : 153
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1894 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 37 ) : 143
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1894 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 37 ) : 574
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1900 . Phil. Mag. Series , 5 ( 50 ) : 584
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1901 . Phil. Mag. Series , 6 ( 2 ) : 403
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1902 . Phil. Mag. Series , 6 ( 3 ) : 225
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1903 . Phil. Mag. Series , 6 ( 5 ) : 134
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1903 . Phil. Mag. Series , 6 ( 6 ) : 251
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1904 . Phil. Mag. Series , 6 ( 8 ) : 43
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1906 . Phil. Mag. Series , 6 ( 11 ) : 455
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1909 . Phil. Mag. Series , 6 ( 17 ) : 1
   Google Scholar
• Burbury , S.H. 1910 . Phil. Mag. Series , 6 ( 19 ) : 712
   Google Scholar
• L. Natanson, Phil. Mag. Series 5 39 (1895) p. 455; Phil. Mag. Series 5 39 (1895) p.501.
   Google Scholar
• Kelvin , Lord . 1901 . Phil. Mag. Series , 6 ( 2 ) : 1
   Google Scholar
• Weinberger , P. 2012 . Phil. Mag. , 92 ( 12 ) : 382
   Google Scholar
• Thomson , D. 1967 . England in the Nineteenth Century, 1815–1914 , Harmondsworth : Penguin Books .
   Google Scholar
• Pelling , H. 1973 . A History of British Trade Unionism , Harmondsworth : Penguin Books .
   Google Scholar