Surface and electronic structure of SmB through scanning tunneling microscopy

References

• M.Z. Hasan and C.L. Kane, Colloquium: Topological insulators, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 (2010), pp. 3045–3067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Stern, D.K. Efimkin, V. Galitski, J. Xia, and Z. Fisk, Radio frequency tunable oscillator device based on SmB6 micro-crystal, (2015). Available at arXiv:1510.02569.
   Google Scholar
• C.L. Kane and E.J. Mele, Z2 topological order and the quantum spin Hall effect, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005), pp. 146802-1–146802-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Fu and C.L. Kane, Topological insulators with inversion symmetry, Phys. Rev. B 76 (2007), pp. 045302-1–045302-17.
   Google Scholar
• M. Dzero, K. Sun, V. Galitski, and P. Coleman, Topological Kondo insulators, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010), pp. 106408-1–106408-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Aeppli and Z. Fisk, Kondo insulators, Comments Condens. Matter. Phys. 16 (1992), pp. 155–165.
   Google Scholar
• P.S. Riseborough, Heavy fermion semiconductors, Adv. Phys. 49 (2000), pp. 257–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Takimoto, SmB6: A promising candidate for a topological insulator, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80 (2011), pp. 123710-1–123710-4.
   Google Scholar
• F. Lu, J.Z. Zhao, H. Weng, Z. Fang, and X. Dai, Correlated topological insulators with mixed valence, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013), pp. 096401-1–096401-5.
   Google Scholar
• V. Alexandrov, M. Dzero, and P. Coleman, Cubic topological Kondo insulators, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013), pp. 226403-1–226403-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Kim, K. Kim, C.-J. Kang, S. Kim, H.C. Choi, J.-S. Kang, J.D. Denlinger, and B.I. Min, Termination-dependent surface in-gap states in a potential mixed-valent topological insulator: SmB6, Phys. Rev. B 90 (2014), pp. 075131-1–075131-6.
   Google Scholar
• S. Wolgast, C. Kurdak, K. Sun, J.W. Allen, D.J. Kim, and Z. Fisk, Low-temperature surface conduction in the Kondo insulator SmB6, Phys. Rev. B 88 (2013), pp. 180405(R)-1–180405(R)-5.
   Google Scholar
• X. Zhang, N.P. Butch, P. Syers, S. Ziemak, R.L. Greene, and J. Paglione, Hybridization, correlation, and in-gap states in the Kondo Insulator SmB6, Phys. Rev. X 3 (2013), pp. 011011-1–011011-7.
   Google Scholar
• D.-J. Kim, S. Thomas, T. Grant, J. Botimer, Z. Fisk, and J. Xia, Surface Hall effect and nonlocal transport in SmB6: Evidence for surface conduction, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013), pp. 3150-1–3150-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Xu, P.K. Biswas, J.H. Dil, R.S. Dhaka, G. Landolt, S. Muff, C.E. Matt, X. Shi, N.C. Plumb, M. Radovic, E. Pomjakushina, K. Conder, A. Amato, S.V. Borisenko, R. Yu, H.-M. Weng, Z. Fang, X. Dai, J. Mesot, H. Ding, and M. Shi, Direct observation of the spin texture in SmB6 as evidence of the topological Kondo insulator, Nat. Commun. 5 (2014), pp. 4566-1–4566-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Suga, K. Sakamoto, T. Okuda, K. Miyamoto, K. Kuroda, A. Sekiyama, J. Yamaguchi, H. Fujiwara, A. Irizawa, T. Ito, S. Kimura, T. Balashov, W. Wulfhekel, S. Yeo, F. Iga, and S. Imada, Spin-polarized angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the so-predicted Kondo topological insulator SmB6, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 83 (2014), pp. 014705-1–014705-6.
   Google Scholar
• Z.-H. Zhu, A. Nicolaou, G. Levy, N.P. Butch, P. Syers, X.F. Wang, J. Paglione, G.A. Sawatzky, I.S. Elfimov, and A. Damascelli, Polarity-driven surface metallicity in SmB6, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013), pp. 216402-1–216402-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Frantzeskakis, N. de Jong, B. Zwartsenberg, Y.K. Huang, Y. Pan, X. Zhang, J.X. Zhang, F.X. Zhang, L.H. Bao, O. Tegus, A. Varykhalov, A. de Visser, and M.S. Golden, Kondo hybridization and the origin of metallic states at the (001) surface of SmB6, Phys. Rev. X 3 (2013), pp. 041024-1–041024-11.
   Google Scholar
• P. Hlawenka, K. Siemensmeyer, E. Weschke, A. Varykhalov, J. Sánchez-Barriga, N.Y. Shitsevalova, A.V. Dukhnenko, V.B. Filipov, S. Gabáni, K. Flachbart,O. Rader, and E.D.L. Rienks, Samarium hexaboride: A trivial surface conductor, (2015). Available at arXiv:1502.1542.
   Google Scholar
• S. Rößler, T.-H. Jang, D.-J. Kim, L.H. Tjeng, Z. Fisk, F. Steglich, and S. Wirth, Hybridization gap and Fano resonance in SmB6, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 111 (2014), pp. 4798–4802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Ruan, C. Ye, M. Guo, F. Chen, X. Chen, G.-M. Zhang, and Y. Wang, Emergence of a coherent in-gap state in the SmB6 Kondo insulator revealed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014), pp. 136401-1–136401-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.S. Ozcomert and M. Trenary, Atomically resolved surface structure of LaB6(100), Surf. Sci. Lett. 265 (1992), pp. L227–L232.
   Google Scholar
• M.M. Yee, Y. He, A. Soumyanarayanan, D.-J. Kim, Z. Fisk, and J.E. Hoffman, Imaging the Kondo insulating gap on SmB6, (2013). Available at arXiv:1308.1085.
   Google Scholar
• I.D.R. Mackinnon, J.A. Alarco, and P.C. Talbot, Metal hexaborides with Sc, Ti or Mn, Model. Numer. Simul. Mater. Sci. 3 (2013), pp. 158–169.
   Google Scholar
• V. Blum, R. Gehrke, F. Hanke, P. Havu, V. Havu, X. Ren, K. Reuter, and M. Scheffler, Ab initio molecular simulations with numeric atom-centered orbitals, Comput. Phys. Commun. 180 (2009), pp. 2175–2196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.A. Uijttewaal, G.A. de Wijs, and R.A. de Groot, Ab initio and work function and surface energy anisotropy of LaB6, J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (2006), pp. 18459–18465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Röder, R. Shuster, H. Brune, and K. Kern, Monolayer-confined mixing at the Ag--Pt(111) interface, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (1993), pp. 2086–2089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Tersoff, Surface-confined alloy formation in immiscible systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995), pp. 434–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Aono, R. Nishitani, T. Tanaka, E. Bannai, and S. Kawai, Azimuthal anisotropy in low-energy ion scattering from SmB6 (001), Solid State Commun. 28 (1978), pp. 409–412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Miyazaki, T. Hajiri, T. Ito, S. Kunii, and S.-I. Kimura, Momentum-dependent hybridization gap and dispersive in-gap state of the Kondo semiconductor SmB6, Phys. Rev. B 86 (2012), pp. 075105-1–075105-4.
   Google Scholar
• N. Stanka, W. Hebenstreit, U. Diebold, and S.A. Chambers, Surface reconstruction of Fe3O4(001), Surf. Sci. 448 (2000), pp. 49–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Yoo and H.H. Weitering, Electrical conductance of reconstructed silicon surfaces, Phys. Rev. B 65 (2002), pp. 115424-1–115424-11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Ye, J.W. Allen, and K. Sun, Topological crystalline Kondo insulators and universal topological surface states of SmB6, (2013). Available at arXiv:1307.7191.
   Google Scholar
• F. Chen, C. Shang, Z. Jin, D. Zhao, Y.P. Wu, Z.J. Xiang, Z.C. Xia, A.F. Wang, X.G. Luo, T. Wu, and X.H. Chen, Magnetoresistance evidence of a surface state and a field-dependent insulating state in the Kondo insulator SmB6, Phys. Rev. B 91 (2015), pp. 205133-1–205133-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.S. Tan, Y.-T. Hsu, B. Zeng, M.C. Hatnean, N. Harrison, Z. Zhu, M. Hartstein, M. Kiourlappou, A. Srivastava, M.D. Johannes, T.P. Murphy, J.-H. Park, L. Balicas, G.G. Lonzarich, G. Balakrishnan, and S.E. Sebastian, Unconventional Fermi surface in an insulating state, Science 349 (2015), pp. 287–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U. Fano, Effects of configuration interaction on intensities and phase shifts, Phys. Rev. 124 (1961), pp. 1866–1879.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Schiller and S. Hershfield, Theory of scanning tunneling spectroscopy of a magnetic adatom on a metallic surface, Phys. Rev. B 61 (2000), pp. 9036–9046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Figgins and D.K. Morr, Differential conductance and quantum interference in Kondo systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010), pp. 187202-1–187202-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Nagaoka, T. Jamneala, M. Grobis, and M.F. Crommie, Temperature dependence of a single Kondo impurity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002), pp. 077205-1–077205-4.
   Google Scholar
• B. Gorshunov, N. Sluchanko, A. Volkov, M. Dressel, G. Knebel, and A. Loidl, Low-energy electrodynamics of SmB6, Phys. Rev. B 59 (1999), pp. 1808–1814.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Neupane, N. Alidoust, S.-Y. Xu, T. Kondo, Y. Ishida, D.-J. Kim, C. Liu, I. Belopolski, Y.J. Jo, T.-R. Chang, H.-T. Jeng, T. Durakiewicz, L. Balicas, H. Lin, A. Bansil, S. Shin, Z. Fisk, and M.Z. Hasan, Surface electronic structure of the topological Kondo-insulator candidate correlated electron system SmB6, Nat. Commun. 4 (2013), pp. 2991-1–2991-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Gabáni, K. Flachbart, E. Konovalova, M. Orendáč, Y. Paderno, V. Pavlík, and J. Šebek, Properties of the in-gap states in SmB6, Solid State Commun. 117 (2001), pp. 641–644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Li, Z. Xiang, F. Yu, T. Asaba, B. Lawson, P. Cai, C. Tinsman, A. Berkley, S. Wolgast, Y.S. Eo, D.-J. Kim, C. Kurdak, J.W. Allen, K. Sun, X.H. Chen, Y.Y. Wang, Z. Fisk, and L. Li, Two-dimensional Fermi surfaces in Kondo insulator SmB6, Science 346 (2014), pp. 1208–1212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Mizumaki, S. Tsutsui, and F. Iga, Temperature dependence of Sm valence in SmB6 studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, J. Phys: Conf. Ser. 176 (2009), pp. 012034-1–012034-4.
   Google Scholar
• C.M. Varma, Aspects of strongly correlated insulators, Phys. Rev. B 50 (1994), pp. 9952–9956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Gabáni, K. Flachbart, V. Pavlík, T. Herrmannsdörfer, E. Konovalova, Y. Paderno, J. Briančin, and J. Trpčevská, Magnetic properties of SmB6 and Sm1-xLaxB6 solid solutions, Czech. J. Phys. 52 (2002), pp. A225–A228.
   Google Scholar
• S. Gabáni, K. Flachbart, V. Pavlík, E. Konovalova, Y. Paderno, and T. Herrmannsdörfer, Low temperature transport and magnetic properties of SmB6, Acta Phys. Pol. 97 (2000), pp. 419–422.
   Google Scholar
• J.C. Cooley, M.C. Aronson, Z. Fisk, and P.C. Canfield, SmB6: Kondo insulator or exotic metal? Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995), pp. 1629–1632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.R. Coles, Speculations concerning SmB6, Physica B 230–232 (1997), pp. 718–720.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Kasuya, Physical mechanism in Kondo insulator, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65 (1996), pp. 2548–2558.
   Google Scholar
• T.A. Costi, Kondo effect in a magnetic field and the magnetoresistivity of Kondo alloys, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000), pp. 1504–1507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar