Thermophysical properties of Cu–In–Sn liquid Pb-free alloys: viscosity and surface tension

References

• M. Abtew and G. Selvaduray, Lead-free solders in microelectronics, Mater. Sci. Eng.: R: Rep. 27 (2000), pp. 95–141.10.1016/S0927-796X(00)00010-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Novakovic, T. Lanata, S. Delsante, and G. Borzone, Interfacial reactions in the Sb–Sn/(Cu, Ni) systems: Wetting experiments, Mater. Chem. Phys. 137 (2012), pp. 458–465.10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.09.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Wild,Properties of some low melting fusible alloys, IBM Federal Systems Division Laboratory Technical Report No 171200408, 1971.
   Google Scholar
• G. Kumar and K.N. Prabhu, Review of non-reactive and reactive wetting of liquids on surfaces, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 133 (2007), pp. 61–89.10.1016/j.cis.2007.04.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. Liu, H. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, S. Itabashi, K. Kameda, and K. Yamaguchi, Experimental determination and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu–In–Sn system, J. Electron. Mater. 30 (2001), pp. 1093–1103.10.1007/s11664-001-0135-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.-C. Chou and S.-K. Wei, A new generation solution model for predicting thermodynamic properties of a multicomponent system from binaries, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 28 (1997), pp. 439–445.10.1007/s11663-997-0110-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.-H. Zhang, L.-J. Wang, and K.-C. Chou, A comparison of different geometrical models in calculating physicochemical properties of quaternary systems, Calphad 34 (2010), pp. 504–509.10.1016/j.calphad.2010.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y.M. Muggianu, M. Gambino, and J. Bros, Enthalpies of formation of liquid alloys bismuth-gallium-tin at 723 K-choice of an analytical representation of integral and partial thermodynamic functions of mixing for this ternary-system, J. Chim. Phys. 72 (1975), pp. 83–88.10.1051/jcp/1975720083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Kohler, Zur Berechnung der thermodynamischen Daten eines ternären Systems aus den zugehörigen binären Systemen, Monatshefte für Chemie und verwandte Teile anderer Wissenschaften 91 (1960), pp. 738–740.10.1007/BF00899814
   Google Scholar
• G. Toop, Predicting ternary activities using binary data, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 233 (1965), pp. 850.
   Google Scholar
• M. Hillert, Empirical methods of predicting and representing thermodynamic properties of ternary solution phases, Calphad 4 (1980), pp. 1–12.10.1016/0364-5916(80)90016-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Butler, The thermodynamics of the surfaces of solutions, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 135 (1932) pp. 348–375.
   Google Scholar
• I.Budai, M.Z. Benkő, and G. Kaptay, Comparison of different theoretical models to experimental data on viscosity of binary liquid alloys, in Materials science forum, Trans. Tech. Publ. (2007), pp. 489–496.
   Google Scholar
• L.Y. Kozlov, L.M. Romanov, and N.N. Petrov, Izv. vysch. uch. zav, Chernaya Metall. 3 (1983), pp. 7–11.
   Google Scholar
• M. Schick, J. Brillo, I. Egry, and B. Hallstedt, Viscosity of Al–Cu liquid alloys: Measurement and thermodynamic description, J. Mater. Sci. 47 (2012), pp. 8145–8152.10.1007/s10853-012-6710-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Geng, H. Geng, and X. Xue, The effect of Ce on the hydrogen content and liquid structure of Al–16% Si melts, Mater. Charact. 51 (2003), pp. 29–33.10.1016/j.matchar.2003.09.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Hong-Xia, G. Hao-Ran, X. Xian-Ying, Y. Ke, and L. Jian-Tong, Variations for pure Cu melt viscosity with different atmospheres, Chin. Phys Lett 20 (2003), p. 1102–1104.10.1088/0256-307X/20/7/338
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Sun, H.R. Geng, X.F. Bian, and Y. Liu, The simulation of the viscosity of liquid aluminum using the tight-binding potential, in materials science forum, Trans. Tech. Publ. (2000), pp. 337–342.
   Google Scholar
• M. Allen, DJ Tildesley Computer Simulation of Liquids, Clarendon, Oxford, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• M.J. Assael, I.J. Armyra, J. Brillo, S.V. Stankus, J. Wu, and W.A. Wakeham, Reference data for the density and viscosity of liquid cadmium, cobalt, gallium, ındium, mercury, silicon, thallium, and zinc, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 41 (2012), p. 033101.10.1063/1.4729873
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.J. Assael, A.E. Kalyva, K.D. Antoniadis, R.M. Banish, I. Egry, J. Wu, E. Kaschnitz, and W.A. Wakeham, Reference data for the density and viscosity of liquid copper and liquid tin, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 39 (2010), p. 033105.10.1063/1.3467496
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Battezzati and A. Greer, The viscosity of liquid metals and alloys, Acta Metall. 37 (1989), pp. 1791–1802.10.1016/0001-6160(89)90064-3
   Google Scholar
• A. Bhatia and W. Hargrove, Concentration fluctuations and thermodynamic properties of some compound forming binary molten systems, Phys. Rev. B 10 (1974), pp. 3186–3196.10.1103/PhysRevB.10.3186
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Sommer, Association model for the description of the thermodynamic functions of liquid alloys. I. – basic concepts, Z. Metallkd 73 (1982), pp. 72–76.
   Google Scholar
• A. Bhatia and R. Singh, Thermodynamic properties of compound forming molten alloys in a weak ınteraction approximation, Phys. Chem. Liq. 11 (1982), pp. 343–351.10.1080/00319108208080755
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.B. Miracle and R. Darolia, Intermetallic Compounds, Principles and Practice Vol. 2, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995, pp. 53.
   Google Scholar
• L. Prasad, R. Singh, V. Singh, and G. Singh, Correlation between bulk and surface properties of AgSn liquid alloys, J. Phys. Chem. B 102 (1998), pp. 921–926.10.1021/jp971042 l
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Singh and F. Sommer, Segregation and immiscibility in liquid binary alloys, Rep. Prog. Phys. 60 (1997), p. 57–150.10.1088/0034-4885/60/1/003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Bhatia, W. Hargrove, and D. Thornton, Concentration fluctuations and partial structure factors of compound-forming binary molten alloys, Phys. Rev. B 9 (1974), pp. 435–444.10.1103/PhysRevB.9.435
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Prasad and A. Mikula, Concentration fluctuations and ınterfacial adhesion at the solid-liquid ınterface between Al2O3 and Αl–Sn liquid alloys, High Temp. Mater. Process. 19 (2000), pp. 61–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. Egry, E. Ricci, R. Novakovic, and S. Ozawa, Surface tension of liquid metals and alloys – Recent developments, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 159 (2010), pp. 198–212.10.1016/j.cis.2010.06.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. Liu, Y. Inohana, Y. Takaku, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Z. Moser, W. Gasior, and J. Pstrus, Experimental determination and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria and surface tension in the Sn–Ag–In system, J. Electron. Mater. 31 (2002), pp. 1139–1151.10.1007/s11664-002-0003-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z. Moser, W. Gąsior, J. Pstruś, I. Kaban, and W. Hoyer, Thermophysical properties of liquid In–Sn alloys, Int. J. Thermophys. 30 (2009), pp. 1811–1822.10.1007/s10765-009-0663-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Novakovic, D. Giuranno, E. Ricci, and T. Lanata, Surface and transport properties of In–Sn liquid alloys, Surf. Sci. 602 (2008), pp. 1957–1963.10.1016/j.susc.2008.03.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z. Guo, M. Hindler, W. Yuan, and A. Mikula, The density and surface tension of In–Sn and Cu–In–Sn alloys, Chem. Mon. 142 (2011), pp. 579–584.10.1007/s00706-011-0501-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Dogan and H. Arslan, An investigation on surface tensions of Pb-free solder materials, Philos. Mag. 96 (2016), pp. 2887–2901.10.1080/14786435.2016.1217361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Dogan and H. Arslan, Geometric modelling of viscosity of copper-containing liquid alloys, Philos. Mag. 96 (2016), pp. 459–472.10.1080/14786435.2015.1133938
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Arslan, Analytical determination of partial and integral properties of the six components systems Ni–Cr–Co–Al–Mo–Ti and their subsystems, Phys. B: Condens. Matter 438 (2014), pp. 48–52.10.1016/j.physb.2013.12.046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Dogan, H. Arslan, and T. Dogan, Estimation of excess energies and activity coefficients for the penternary Ni–Cr–Co–Al–Mo system and its subsystems, Phys. Met. Metall. 116 (2015), pp. 544–551.10.1134/S0031918X14060052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Dogan and H. Arslan, Comparative thermodynamic prediction of ıntegral properties of six component, quaternary, and ternary systems, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 46 (2015), pp. 3753–3760.10.1007/s11661-015-2888-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Arslan, Determinations of enthalpy and partial molar enthalpy in the alloys Bi–Cd–Ga–In–Zn, Bi–Cd–Ga–Zn and Au–Cu–Sn, Mater. Chem. Phys. 153 (2015), pp. 384–389.10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.01.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Arslan and A. Dogan, An analytical investigation for thermodynamic properties of the Fe-Cr-Ni-Mg-O system, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A 89 (2015), pp. 180–189.10.1134/S0036024415020028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Arslan, A. Dogan, and T. Dogan, An analytical approach for thermodynamic properties of the six-component systems Ni–Cr–Co–Al–Mo–Ti and their subsystems, Phys. Met. Metall. 114 (2013), pp. 1053–1060.10.1134/S0031918X13220018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Mudry, A. Korolyshyn, V. Vus, and A. Yakymovych, Viscosity and structure of liquid Cu–In alloys, J. Mol. Liq. 179 (2013), pp. 94–97.10.1016/j.molliq.2012.12.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Kaptay, A unified equation for the viscosity of pure liquid metals, Z. Metallkd 96 (2005), pp. 24–31.10.3139/146.018080
   Google Scholar
• E.A. Moelwyn-Hughes, Physical Chemistry, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964.
   Google Scholar
• X. Zhong, Y. Liu, K.-C. Chou, X. Lu, D. Zivkovic, and Z. Zivkovic, Estimating ternary viscosity using the thermodynamic geometric model, J. Phase Equilib. 24 (2003), pp. 7–11.10.1007/s11669-003-0002-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Živković, Ž. Živković, L. Yonghua, and K. Chou, Calorimetric ınvestigations of the system Pb–Bi–Mg–Sb with Oelsen’s method. Part 2. Comparison of experimentally obtained values for lead activity with results of thermodynamic predicting, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 66 (2001), pp. 785–793.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Tanaka, K. Hack, T. Iida, and S. Hara, Application of thermodynamic databases to the evaluation of surface tensions of molten alloys, salt mixtures and oxide mixtures, Zeitschrift Fuer Metallkunde 87 (1996), pp. 380–389.
   Google Scholar
• G. Kaptay, Partial surface tension of components of a solution, Langmuir 31 (2015), pp. 5796–5804.10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Yakymovych, V. Vus, and S. Mudry, Viscosity of liquid Cu–In–Sn alloys, J. Mol. Liq. 219 (2016), pp. 845–850.10.1016/j.molliq.2016.04.055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Tan, B. Xiufang, X. Xianying, Z. Yanning, G. Jing, and S. Baoan, Correlation between viscosity of molten Cu–Sn alloys and phase diagram, Phys. B: Condens. Matter 387 (2007), pp. 1–5.10.1016/j.physb.2005.10.140
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Kucharski, P. Fima, P. Skrzyniarz, and W. Przebinda-Stefanowa, Surface tension and density of Cu–Ag, Cu–In and Ag–In alloys, Arch. Metall. Mater. 51 (2006), p. 389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar