318
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Part A: Materials Science

Effect of Ni/Fe ratio on microstructure, tensile flow and work hardening behaviour of tungsten heavy alloys in heat treated and swaged conditions

, , , , , & show all
Pages 211-241 | Received 05 May 2020, Accepted 29 Sep 2020, Published online: 13 Oct 2020

References

  • D.V. Edmonds and P.N. Jones, Interfacial embrittlement in liquid-phase sintered tungsten heavy alloys. Metall. Trans. A 10A (1979), pp. 289–295.
  • T.W. Penrice and J. Bost, High density W-Ni-Fe alloys having improved hardness and method for making same, US Patent No. US4762559, (1988).
  • B. Katavic and Z. Odanovic, Effect of strain aging on the structure and mechanical properties of PM 92.5W-5Ni-2.5Fe heavy alloys. Powder Metall. 48 (2005), pp. 288–294.
  • B. Katavic, M. Nikacevic and Z. Odanovic, Effect of cold swaging and heat treatment on properties of the P/M 91W-6Ni-3Co heavy alloys. Sci. Sinter 40 (2008), pp. 319–331.
  • R. Cury, Evolution of Co-free tungsten heavy alloys for kinetic energy penetrator. Powder Metal 56 (2013), pp. 347–350.
  • P.B. Kemp and R.M. German, Mechanical properties of Mo alloyed liquid phase sintered tungsten based-composite. Metall. Trans. A 26A (1995), pp. 2187–2189.
  • L. Wensheng, M.A. Yunzhu and H. Baiyun, Influence of minor elements addition on microstructure and properties of 93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe alloys. Bull. Mater. Sci 31 (2008), pp. 1–6.
  • G. Nicolas, Heavy W-Ni-Fe alloys with very high mechanical characteristic, US patent No. US4960563A, (1987).
  • S.G. Caldwell, Variation of Ni / Fe Ratio in W-Ni-Fe Alloys a Current Perspective, Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, (1993) pp. 89-96.
  • R.M. German, Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials Processing, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, 2005.
  • ASTM E8M-16a, Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards 03.01 (2018).
  • ASTM E23-18, Standard test methods for impact testing of metal powder structural parts, Annual Book of ASTM Standards 03.01 (2018).
  • K.S. Churn and R.M. German, Fracture behavior of W-Ni-Fe heavy alloys. Metall. Trans. A. 15A (1984), pp. 331–338.
  • V. Raghavan, Fe-Ni-W (Iron-nickel-tungsten). J. Phase Equilibr. 15 (1994), pp. 631–632.
  • U. Ravi Kiran, A. Panchal and T.K. Nandy, Tensile and impact behavior of swaged tungsten heavy alloys processed by liquid phase sintering. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 33 (2012), pp. 113–121.
  • U. Ravi Kiran, A. Panchal and T.K. Nandy, Effect of alloying addition and microstructural parameters on mechanical properties of 93% tungsten heavy alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 640 (2015), pp. 82–90.
  • U. Ravi Kiran, A. Panchal and T.K. Nandy, Refractory metal alloying: A new method for improving mechanical, properties of tungsten heavy alloys. J. Alloy. Comp 709 (2017), pp. 609–619.
  • A. Panchal and T.K. Nandy, Effect of composition, heat treatment and deformation on mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 733 (2018), pp. 374–384.
  • A. Panchal, U. Ravi kiran, T.K. Nandy and A.K. Singh, Tensile flow behavior of tungsten heavy alloys produced by CIPing and gelcasting routes. Metall. Trans. A. 49A (2018), pp. 2084–2098.
  • S. Humail, F. Akhtar and S.J. Askari, Tensile behaviour change depending on the varying tungsten content of W-Ni-Fe alloys. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 25 (2007), pp. 380–385.
  • Y. Li, K. Hu, X. Ai and S. Qu, Fine-grained 93W-5.6Ni-1.4Fe heavy alloys with enhanced performance prepared by spark plasma sintering. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 573 (2013), pp. 245–252.
  • J. Das, U. Ravi kiran, A. Chakraborty and N.E. Prasad, Hardness and tensile properties of tungsten based heavy alloys prepared by liquid phase sintering technique. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 27 (2009), pp. 577–583.
  • J. Das, G.A. Rao and S.K. Pabi, Microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 527 (2010), pp. 7841–7847.
  • J.L. Fan, X. Gong, M. Song and J.M. Tian, Densification behavior of nano crystalline W-Ni-Fe composite powders prepared by sol-spray drying and hydrogen reduction process. J. Alloy and Comp. 489 (2010), pp. 188–194.
  • R.M. German, Modelling grain growth dependence on liquid content in LPS material. Metall. Trans. A 29A (1998), pp. 3057–3067.
  • R.M. German, Liquid Phase Sintering, Plenum Press, NY, 1985.
  • P.W. Voorhees and M.E. Glicksman, Ostwald ripening during liquid phase sintering—effect of volume fraction on coarsening kinetics. Metall. Trans. A 15A (1984), pp. 1081–1088.
  • R.M. German, Jianxin, microstructural parameter related to liquid phase sintering. Metall. Trans. A 31 (2000), pp. 2607–2614.
  • R.L. Fleischer, Substitutional solution hardening. Acta Metall. 11 (1963), pp. 203–209.
  • D. Peckner, The Strengthening of Metals, Reinhold publishing corporation, NY, 1964.
  • P.B. Kemp and R.M. German, Mechanical properties of molybdenum alloyed liquid phase-sintered tungsten-based composites. Metall. Trans. A 26 (1995), pp. 2187–2189.
  • B.H. Rabin and R.M. German, Micro structure effect on tensile properties of tungsten –nickel –iron composite. Metall. Trans. A 19 (1988), pp. 1523–1532.
  • H.J. Ryu, S.H. Hong and H. Baek, Microstructure and mechanical properties of mechanically alloyed and solid-state sintered tungsten heavy alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 291 (2000), pp. 91–96.
  • H.J. Ryu and S.H. Hong, Combination of mechanical alloying and two stage sintering of 93W-536Ni-1.4 Fe tungsten heavy alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 344 (2003), pp. 253–260.
  • J. Das, G.A. Rao, S.K. Pabi and T.K. Nandy, Thermo-mechanical processing, microstructure and tensile properties of tungsten heavy alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 613 (2014), pp. 48–59.
  • B. Katavic, Z. Odanovi and M. Burzi, Investigation of the rotary swaging and heat treatment on the behavior of W- and γ-phases in PM 92.5W–5Ni–2.5Fe–0.26Co heavy alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 492 (2008), pp. 337–345.
  • R.M. German, The contiguity of liquid phase sintered microstructures. Metall. Trans. A 16A (1985), pp. 1247–1252.
  • K.S. Churn, Ph.D. Thesis, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (1979).
  • A. Panchal, K. Venugopal Reddy and A.K. Singh, Instantaneous work hardening behaviour of two-phase tungsten heavy alloys: A phenomenological approach. Phil. Mag. doi:10.1080/14786435.2020.1728589.
  • D.C. Ludwigson, Modified stress-strain relation of FCC metals and alloys. Metall. Trans 2 (1971), pp. 2825–2828.
  • G.E. Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, NY, 1988.
  • C. Keller, E. Hug and D. Chateigner, On the origin of the stress decrease for nickel polycrystals with few grains across the thickness. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 500 (2009), pp. 207–215.
  • K.K. Mehta, P. Mukhopadhyay, R.K. Mandal and A.K. Singh, Microstructure, texture and orientation dependent flow behavior of hot rolled and annealed ternary Ni–16Cr–16Mo, Ni–16Cr–4W and Ni–16Cr–8Fe alloys. Material. Character. 110 (2015), pp. 175–191.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.