Road transport energy demand in West Africa: a test of the consumer-tolerable price hypothesis

References

• Ackah, I., and F. Adu. 2014. “Modelling Gasoline Demand in Ghana: A Structural Time Series Approach.” International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 4 (1): 76–82.
   Google Scholar
• Adom, P. K. 2017. “The Long-run Price Sensitivity Dynamics of Industrial and Residential Electricity Demand: The Impact of Deregulating Electricity Prices.” Energy Economics 62: 43–60. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2016.12.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adom, P. K., K. Amakye, C. Barnor, G. Quartey, and W. Bekoe. 2016. “Shift in Demand Elasticities, Road Energy Forecast and the Persistence Profile of Shocks.” Economic Modelling 55: 189–206. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2016.02.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• African Development Bank. 2016. African Economic Outlook 2016: Sustainable Cities and Structural Transformation. doi:10.1787/aeo-2016-en.
   Google Scholar
• Ajavonic, A., and R. Haas. 2012. “The Role of Efficiency Improvements vs. Price Effects for Modelling Passenger car Transport Demand and Energy Demand – Lessons from European Countries.” Energ Policy 41: 36–46. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akinboade, O. A., E. Ziramba, and W. L. Kumo. 2008. “The Demand for Gasoline in South Africa: An Empirical Analysis Using Co-integration Technique.” Energy Economics 30: 3222–3229. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2008.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Dossary, N. 2008. “Global Demand for Road Transport Fuels.” PhD thesis Mineral Economics program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO.
   Google Scholar
• Alves, R., and R. Bueno. 2003. “Short-run, Long-run and Cross Elasticities of Gasoline Demand in Brazil.” Energy Economics 25: 191–199. doi: 10.1016/S0140-9883(02)00108-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arzaghi, M., and J. Squalli. 2015. “How Price Inelastic Is Demand for Gasoline in Fuel-subsidizing Economies?” Energy Economics 50: 117–124. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2015.04.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balat, M. 2006. “Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Global Perspective.” Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning and Policy 1 (2): 157–170. doi: 10.1080/009083190881571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belhaj, M. 2002. “Vehicle and Fuel Demand in Morocco.” Energy Policy 30: 1163–1171. doi: 10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00008-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben sita, B., W. Marrouch, and S. Abosedra. 2012. “Short Run Price and Income Elasticity of Gasoline Demand: Evidence from Lebanon.” Energy Policy 46: 109–115. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.03.041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berndt, E. R., and G. Botero. 1985. “Energy Demand in the Transportation Sector of Mexico.” Development Economics 17: 219–238. doi: 10.1016/0304-3878(85)90091-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broadstock, D. C., and L. C. Hunt. 2010. “Quantifying the Impact of Exogenous Non-economic Factors on UK Transport Oil Demand.” Energy Policy 38 (3): 1559–1565. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.11.039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brons, M., P. Nijkamp, E. Pels, and P. Rietveld. 2008. “A Meta-analysis of the Price Elasticity of Gasoline Demand: A SUR Approach.” Energy Economics 30: 2105–2122. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2007.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitropoulos, J., L. C. Hunt, and G. Judge. 2005. “Estimating Underlying Energy Demand Trends Using UK Annual Data.” Applied Economic Letters 12 (4): 239–244. doi: 10.1080/1350485052000337789
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dincer, I. 1998. “Energy and Environmental Impacts: Present and Future Perspectives.” Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning and Policy 4–5: 427–453. doi: 10.1080/00908319808970070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouquet, R. 2012. “Trends in Income and Price Elasticities of Transport Demand (1850–2010).” Energ Policy 50: 62–71. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, J. E., C. R. Knittel, and D. Sperling. 2008. “Evidence of a Shift in the Short-run Price Elasticity of Gasoline Demand.” The Energy Journal 29 (1): 113–134. doi: 10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol29-No1-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwayemi, A., A. Adenikinju, and A. Babatunde. 2010. “Estimating Petroleum Products Demand Elasticities in Nigeria: A Multivariate Cointegration Approach.” Energy Economics 32 (1): 73–85. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2009.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kao, C., and M.-H. Chiang. 2000. “On the Estimation and Inference of a Cointegrated Regression in Panel Data.” In Advances in Econometrics: Nonstationary Panels, Panel Cointegration and Dynamic Panels, edited by B. H. Baltagi, 179–222. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. 15.
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi, S., S. Plotkin, and S. K. Ribeiro. 2009. “Energy Efficiency Technologies of Road Vehicles.” Energy Efficiency 2 (2): 125–137. doi: 10.1007/s12053-008-9037-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolawole, A., S. Adesola, and G. De Vita. 2017. “A Disaggregated Analysis of Energy Demand in Sub-Saharan Africa.” International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 7 (2): 224–235.
   Google Scholar
• Lim, K.-M., and S.-H. Yoo. 2016. “Short Run and Long Run Elasticities of Gasoline Demand: The Case of Korea.” Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning and Policy 11 (5): 291–295. doi: 10.1080/15567249.2011.637544
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mensah, J. T., G. Marbuah, and A. Amoah. 2016. “Energy Demand in Ghana: A Disaggregated Analysis.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 53: 924–935. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicol, C. J. 2003. “Elasticities of Demand for Gasoline in Canada and the United States.” Energy Economics 25: 201–214. doi: 10.1016/S0140-9883(03)00002-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedroni, P. 2000. “Fully Modified OLS for Heterogeneous Cointegrated Panels.” Advances in Econometrics 15: 93–132. doi: 10.1016/S0731-9053(00)15004-2
   Google Scholar
• Pesaran, H., Y. Shin, and R. Smith. 1999. “Pooled Mean Group Estimation and Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 94: 621–634. doi: 10.1080/01621459.1999.10474156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pesaran, H., and R. Smith. 1995. “Estimating Long-run Relationships from Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels.” Journal of Econometrics 68: 79–113. doi: 10.1016/0304-4076(94)01644-F
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, P. C. B., and H. R. Moon. 1999. “Linear Regression Limit Theory for Nonstationary Panel Data.” Econometrica 67: 1057–1111. doi: 10.1111/1468-0262.00070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polemis, M. L. 2006. “Empirical Assessment of the Determinants of Road Energy Demand in Greece.” Energy Economics 28: 385–403. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2006.01.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero-Jordan, D., P. Jel Rio, M. Jorge-Garcia, and M. Burguillo. 2010. “Price and Income Elasticities of Demand for Passenger Transport Fuels in Spain: Implications for Public Policies.” Energy Policy 38: 3898–3909. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sa’ad, S., and SI, Isah. 2016. “Empirical Analysis of Transportation Demand for Oil Products in Nigeria: Using Error Correction Approach.” Energy Strategy Reviews 10: 53–61. doi: 10.1016/j.esr.2016.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samimi, R. 1995. “Road Transport Energy Demand in Australia.” Energy Economics 17 (4): 329–339. doi: 10.1016/0140-9883(95)00035-S
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, U. A., and P. Smith. 2009. “Energy Intensities and Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation in Global Agriculture.” Energy Efficiency 2 (2): 195–206. doi: 10.1007/s12053-008-9035-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sene, S. O. 2012. “Estimating the Demand for Gasoline in Developing Countries: Senegal.” Energy Economics 34 (1): 189–194. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2011.04.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamba, J. G., D. Njomo, T. Limanond, and B. Ntsafack. 2012. “Causality Analysis of Diesel Consumption and Economic Growth.” Energy Policy 45: 567–575. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.03.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamba, J. G., J. L. Nsouandele, and A. F. Lele. 2017. “Gasoline Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Cameroon.” Energy Sources, Part B: Economic, Planning and Policy 12 (8): 685–691. doi: 10.1080/15567249.2016.1269140
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamba, J. G., J. L. Nsouandele, E. F. Sepnken, and F. L. D. Koffi. 2017. “The Variability of Diesel Demand in Cameroon.” Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning and Policy 12 (10): 868–875. doi:10.1080/15567249.2017.1315754.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Energy Council. 2011. Global Transport Scenarios 2050. Accessed September 6, 2016. www.worldenergy.org
   Google Scholar