468
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Low carbon transition at the township level: feasibility study of environmental pollutants and sustainable energy planning

ORCID Icon
Pages 670-696 | Received 26 Mar 2020, Accepted 25 Nov 2020, Published online: 17 Dec 2020

References

  • Akalpler, E., and M. E. Shingil. 2017. “Statistical Reasoning the Link between Energy Demand, CO2 Emissions and Growth: Evidence from China.” Procedia Computer Science 120: 182–188.
  • Alias, A., A. S. Ali, and C. K. Wai. 2011. “New Urbanism and Township Developments in Malaysia.” Urban Design International 16 (2): 76–93.
  • APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation). 2012. The Concept of Low Carbon Town in APEC Region. 2nd ed. 120pp. https://aperc.or.jp/publications/reports/lcmt/The_Concept_of_the_LCMT_in_APEC_Region_Second_Edition.pdf.
  • Bady, M., S. Kato, and H. Huang. 2008. “Towards the Application of Indoor Ventilation Efficiency Indices to Evaluate the Air Quality of Urban Areas.” Building and Environment 43: 1991–2004.
  • Baeumler, A., E. Ijjasz-Vasquez, and S. Mehndiratta, eds. 2011. Sustainable Low-Carbon City Development in China. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
  • Bai, X., P. Shi, and Y. Liu. 2014. “Realizing China’s Urban Dream.” Nature 509: 158–160.
  • Bao, J. Q., Y. Miao, and F. Chen. 2008. “Low Carbon Economy: Revolution in the Way of Human Economic Development.” China Industrial Economics 4: 017.
  • Brouwer, F., L. Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia, E. Alexandri, I. Bremere, M. Griffey, and V. Linderhof. 2018. “The Nexus Concept Integrating Energy and Resource Efficiency for Policy Assessments: A Comparative Approach from Three Cases.” Sustainability 10 (12): 4860.
  • Burandt, T., K. Löffler, and K. Hainsch. 2018. GENeSYS-MOD v2.0—Enhancing the Global Energy System Model: Model Improvements, Framework Changes, and European Data Set. DIW Data Documentation 94; Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW): Berlin, Germany.
  • Chai, Q. M., and H. Q. Xu. 2014. “Modeling an Emissions Peak in China Around 2030: Synergies or Trade-Offs between Economy, Energy and Climate Security.” Advances in Climate Change Research 5 (4): 169–180.
  • Chan, K. W. 2014. “China’s Urbanization 2020: A New Blueprint and Direction.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 55 (1): 1–9.
  • Chang, R., V. Soebarto, Z. Zhao, and G. Zillante. 2016. “Facilitating the Transition to Sustainable Construction: China's Policies.” Journal of Cleaner Production 131: 534–544.
  • Chen, X. 2015-10. Cities: From Local Places to Global Players, The European Financial Review, Oct-Nov 2015, 34–40.
  • Chen, M., W. Liu, and D. Lu. 2016. “Challenges and the Way Forward in China’s New-Type Urbanization.” Land Use Policy 55: 334–339.
  • Cheshmehzangi, A. 2015. “The Urban and Urbanism: China’s New Urbanization and Approaches towards Comprehensive Development.” The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies 8 (3-4): 1–12.
  • Cheshmehzangi, A. 2016a. “Multi-spatial Environmental Performance Evaluation towards Integrated Urban Design: A Procedural Approach with Computational Simulations.” Journal of Cleaner Production, in press.
  • Cheshmehzangi, A. 2016b. “Feasibility Study of Songao’s Low Carbon Town Planning, China.” Energy Procedia 88: 313–320.
  • Cheshmehzangi, A. 2016c. “China's New-Type Urbanisation Plan (NUP) and the Foreseeing Challenges for Decarbonization of Cities: A Review.” Energy Procedia 104: 146–152.
  • Cheshmehzangi, A., and A. Dawodu. 2019. Sustainable Urban Development in the Age of Climate Change – People: The Cure or Curse. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Cheshmehzangi, A., Y. Zhu, and B. Li. 2010. “Integrated Urban Design Approach: Sustainability for Urban Design.” In Proceedings for Green Manufacturing, 241–248.
  • China Energy Efficiency and Green Energy Financing Program. 2015. Results Information Document.
  • Chua, S. C., and T. H. Oh. 2011. “Green Progress and Prospect in Malaysia.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (6): 2850–2861.
  • Coates, G. J. 2013. “The Sustainable Urban District of Vauban in Freiburg, Germany.” International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 8 (4): 265–286.
  • Cosic, B., G. Krajačic, and N. Duic. 2012. “A 100% Renewable Energy System in the Year 2050: The Case of Macedonia.” Energy 48: 80–87.
  • Dai, Y. A. 2014. “Political Economic Analysis Over the Climate Policy Implementation: A Case Study from Chinese Wind Energy Development.” In Second Global Research Forum on Sustainable Production and Consumption, 13–14. Shanghai: Fudan Tyndall Centre.
  • Desai, P. 2008. “Creating Low Carbon Communities: One Planet Living Solutions.” Globalizations 5 (1): 67–71.
  • Dhakal, S. 2013. “Urban Energy Use and Carbon Emissions from Cities in China and Policy Implications.” Energy Policy 37 (8): 4208–4219.
  • East, M. 2018. “Rising Cities: Continuity, Innovation and Deliberation of Vauban District of Freiburg, Germany.” Ecocycles 4 (2): 58–74.
  • Elliott, R., P. Sun, and T. Zhu. 2017. “The Direct and Indirect Effect of Urbanization on Energy Intensity: A Province-Level Study for China.” Energy 123: 677–692.
  • Ely, A., S. Geall, and Y. Song. 2016. “Sustainable Maize Production and Consumption in China: Practices and Politics in Transition.” Journal of Cleaner Production 134 (Part A): 259–268.
  • EU-China Document. 2012. EU-China Sustainable Urbanization Flagship Initiative. Accessed June 18, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/pdf/policy/eu-china_research_in_urbanisation.pdf.
  • Feng, C., X. Gao, J. Wu, Y. Tang, J. He, Y. Qi, and Y. Zhang. 2015. “Greenhouse Gas Emissions Investigation for Towns in China: A Case Study of Xiaolan.” Journal of Cleaner Production 103: 130–139.
  • Fenghua Official Governmental website. 2015. Accessed February 22, 2016. http://english.fh.gov.cn/english/fen/hum/.
  • Fischer, D. 2012. “Challenges of Low-Carbon Technology Diffusion: Insights from Shifts in China’s Photovoltaic Industry Development.” Innovation and Development 2 (1): 131–146.
  • Gale, H. F. 2003. “China's Growing Affluence.” Amber Waves 1 (3): 14.
  • Gao, C., Y. Liu, J. Jin, T. Wei, J. Zhang, and L. Zhu. 2016. “Driving Forces in Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions in East and South Coastal China: Commonality and Variations.” Journal of Cleaner Production 135: 240–250.
  • Going Carbon Neutral. 2016. Ashton Hayes Community Energy CIC. http://www.goingcarbonneutral.co.uk/.
  • Gouldson, A. P., S. Colenbrander, A. Sudmant, N. Godfrey, J. Millward-Hopkins, W. Fang, and X. Zhao. 2015. Accelerating Low Carbon Development in the World’s Cities. Accessed August 22, 2020. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/90740/.
  • Gu, C., L. Hu, X. Zhang, X. Wang, and J. Guo. 2011. “Climate Change and Urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta.” Habitat International 35: 544–552.
  • Gu, C., Y. Li, and S. S. Han. 2015. “Development and Transition of Small Towns in Rural China.” Habitat International 50: 110–119.
  • Gu, C., M. Zhao, and J. Zhang. 2012. Research on Provincial Urbanization Strategy Planning. Nanjing: Southeast University Press. (in Chinese).
  • Hang, J., Y. Li, M. Sandberg, R. Buccolieri, and S. Di Sabatino. 2012. “The Influence of Building Height Variability on Pollutant Dispersion and Pedestrian Ventilation in Idealized High-Rise Urban Areas.” Building and Environment 56: 346–360.
  • Hausknost, D., W. Haas, S. Hielscher, M. Schäfer, M. Leitner, I. Kunze, and S. Mandl. 2018. “Investigating Patterns of Local Climate Governance: How Low-Carbon Municipalities and Intentional Communities Intervene in Social Practices.” Environmental Policy and Governance 28 (6): 371–382.
  • Hauxwell-Baldwin, R. 2013. “Tackling Climate Change through Community: The Politics and Practice of the Low Carbon Communities Challenge.” Doctoral dissertation, University of East Anglia.
  • He, S., and F. Wu. 2007. “Socio-spatial Impacts of Property-Led Redevelopment on China’s Urban Neighbourhoods.” Cities 24 (3): 194–208.
  • He, Z., S. Xu, W. Shen, R. Long, and H. Chen. 2017. “Impact of Urbanization on Energy Related CO2 Emission at Different Development Levels: Regional Difference in China Based on Panel Estimation.” Journal of Cleaner Production 140 (Part 3): 1719–1730.
  • Hobbi, A., and K. Siddiqui. 2009. “Optimal Design of a Forced Circulation Solar Water Heating System for a Residential Unit in Cold Climate Using TRNSYS.” Solar Energy 83: 700–714.
  • Hunter, G. W., G. Sagoe, D. Vettorato, and D. Jiayu. 2019. “Sustainability of Low Carbon City Initiatives in China: A Comprehensive Literature Review.” Sustainability 11 (16): 4342.
  • Jenne, C. A., and R. Cattell. 1983. “Structural Change and Energy Efficiency in Industry.” Energy Economics 5 (2): 114–123.
  • Jiang, K., P. Ashworth, S. Zhang, X. Liang, Y. Sun, and D. Angus. 2019. “China’s Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Policy: A Critical Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 119: 109601.
  • Jiang, K. J., and X. Zhuang. 2011. Scenario Analysis on Low-Carbon Economy Development of Jilin City. Accessed October 21, 2019. http://www.lowcarbonzones.org/documents/ScenarioAnalysisonLow-%20carbonEconomyDevelopmentofJilinCity.pdf.
  • Kaur, H., and P. Garg. 2019. “Urban Sustainability Assessment Tools: A Review.” Journal of Cleaner Production 210: 146–158.
  • Lai, Y., and X. Zhang. 2015. “Redevelopment of Industrial Sites in the Chinese ‘Villages in the City’: An Empirical Study of Shenzhen.” Journal of Cleaner Production, 134: 70-77..
  • Lang, W., T. Chen, and X. Li. 2016. “A new Style of Urbanization in China: Transformation of Urban Rural Communities.” Habitat International 55: 1–9.
  • Lehmann, S., ed. 2014. Low Carbon Cities: Transforming Urban Systems. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Lema, R., A. Berger, and H. Schmitz. 2013. “China’s Impact on the Global Wind Power Industry.” Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 42 (1): 37–69.
  • Lewis, J. 2011. Energy and Climate Goals of China’s 12th Five-Year Plan. Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, from Pew Center for Climate Change, available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.365.4427&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Lewis, Y., and M. Jooste. 2012. “Opportunities and Challenges in Establishing a Low-Carbon Zone in the Western Cape Province.” In Cartwright, A., Parnell, S., Oleofse, G., and Ward, S. (eds.) Climate Change at the City Scale: Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation in Cape Town, 99–121. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Li, Z. 2015. Low Carbon Transitions in China. Public Lecture Series, Paper 46. Accessed July 6, 2016. http://digitalcommons.mtech.edu/public_lectures_mtech/46.
  • Li, Z., S. Chang, L. Ma, P. Liu, L. Zhao, and Q. Yao. 2012. “The Development of Low-Carbon Towns in China: Concepts and Practices.” Energy 47 (1): 590–599.
  • Li, K., L. Fang, and L. He. 2018. “How Urbanization Affects China’s Energy Efficiency: A Spatial Econometric Analysis.” Journal of Cleaner Production 200: 1130–1141.
  • Li, Y., Y. Li, H. Westlund, and Y. Liu. 2015. “Urban–Rural Transformation in Relation to Cultivated Land Conversion in China: Implications for Optimizing Land Use and Balanced Regional Development.” Land Use Policy 47: 218–224.
  • Li, J., and X. Wang. 2012. “Energy and Climate Policy in China's Twelfth Five-Year Plan: A Paradigm Shift.” Energy Policy 41: 519–528.
  • Li, L. W., and Y. H. Yu. 2016. “Planning low Carbon Communities: Why Is a Self-Sustaining Energy Management System Indispensable?” Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 11 (4): 371–376.
  • Lin, B., and Z. Jia. 2019a. “Does the Different Sectoral Coverage Matter? An Analysis of China’s Carbon Trading Market.” Energy Policy, 137, 111164.
  • Lin, B., and Z. Jia. 2019b. “How Does Tax System on Energy Industries Affect Energy Demand, CO2 Emissions, and Economy in China?” Energy Economics, 84, 104496.
  • Lin, B., and J. Zhu. 2017. “Energy and Carbon Intensity in China During the Urbanization and Industrialization Process: A Panel VAR Approach.” Journal of Cleaner Production 168: 780–790.
  • Liu, Y. 2012. “An Empirical Research of Awareness, Behavior and Barriers to Enact Carbon Management of Industrial Firms in China.” Science of The Total Environment 425: 1–8.
  • Liu, Y. 2014. “Barriers to the Adoption of Low Carbon Production: A Multiple-Case Study of Chinese Industrial Firms.” Energy Policy 67: 412–421.
  • Liu, Z. 2015. Global Energy Interconnection. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.
  • Liu, J., and X. Deng. 2011. “Impacts and Mitigation of Climate Change on Chinese Cities.” Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 3 (3): 188–192.
  • Liu, W., and B. Qin. 2016. “Low-Carbon City Initiatives in China: A Review from the Policy Paradigm Perspective.” Cities 51: 131–138.
  • Liu, C., T. Wang, X. Lin, and R. Zhao. 2016. “Allocating and Mapping Carbon Footprint at the Township Scale by Correlating Industry Sectors to Land Uses.” Geographical Review 106 (3): 441–464.
  • Liu, Y., N. Wang, and J. Zhao. 2018. “Relationship between Isomorphic Pressures and Carbon Management Imitation Behavior of Firms.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 138: 24–31.
  • Liu, Y., H. Xiao, Y. Lv, and N. Zhang. 2017a. “The Effect of New-Type Urbanization on Energy Consumption in China: A Spatial Econometric Analysis.” Journal of Cleaner Production 163: S299–S305.
  • Liu, Y., T. Zhao, and X. Shan. 2017b. “Identification and Development Strategy of Township Space Based on the Value of Ecological Services.” In proceedings of the UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress, 1–6. http://www.uia2017seoul.org/P/papers/Full_paper/Paper/Poster/P-0642.pdf.
  • Luo, M., S. Qin, H. Chang, and A. Zhang. 2019. “Disaggregation Method of Carbon Emission: A Case Study in Wuhan, China.” Sustainability 11 (7): 2093.
  • Ma, L. J. C. 2005. “Urban Administrative Restructuring, Changing Scale Relations and Local Economic Development in China.” Political Geography 24: 477–497.
  • Mao, G., J. Zou, L. Zhao, H. Du, and Y. Liu. 2014. “For a Special Volume of the Journal of Cleaner Production on Achieving Low/No Fossil-Carbon Economies Based upon the Essential Transformations to Support Them.” Journal of Cleaner Production 80 (1): 1–4.
  • Markandya, A., S. Pedroso-Galinato, and D. Streimikiene. 2006. “Energy Intensity in Transition Economies: Is There Convergence towards the EU Average?” Energy Economics 28 (1): 121–145.
  • Mayne, R., J. Hamilton, and K. Lucas. 2013. Roles and Change Strategies of Low Carbon Communities. Working paper. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c414ac3a-d520-47ea-aea9-01bbe5969cda.
  • Meng, M., D. Niu, and W. Shang. 2012. “CO 2 Emissions and Economic Development: China's 12th Five-Year Plan.” Energy Policy 42: 468–475.
  • MEP (Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China). 2007. Indicators for Constructing Eco Village, Eco City and Eco Province (revised). Accessed August 22, 2016. http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/zj/wj/200910/t20091022_172492.htm.
  • Middlemiss, L., and B. D. Parrish. 2010. “Building Capacity for Low-Carbon Communities: The Role of Grassroots Initiatives.” Energy Policy 38 (12): 7559–7566.
  • Ness, D. A., and K. Xing. 2020. “Consumption-Based and Embodied Carbon in the Built Environment: Implications for APEC’s Low-Carbon Model Town Project.” Journal of Green Building 15 (3): 67–82.
  • Peng, H., and Y. Liu. 2016. “A Comprehensive Analysis of Cleaner Production Policies in China.” Journal of Cleaner Production 135: 1138–1149.
  • Peters, M. D., S. Fudge, and T. Jackson, eds. 2010. Low Carbon Communities: Imaginative Approaches to Combating Climate Change Locally. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Price, L. K., N. Zhou, D. Fridley, S. Ohshita, H. Lu, N. Zheng, and C. Fino-Chen. 2013. “Development of a Low-Carbon Indicator System for China.” Habitat International 37: 4–21.
  • Qingji, S. H. E. N. 2013. “Study on New Urbanization Based on Ecological Civilization.” Urban Planning Forum 1: 29–36.
  • Ramaswami, A., D. Main, M. Bernard, A. Chavez, A. Davis, G. Thomas, and K. Schnoor. 2011. “Planning for Low-Carbon Communities in US Cities: A Participatory Process Model Between Academic Institutions, Local Governments and Communities in Colorado.” Carbon Management 2 (4): 397–411.
  • Rauland, V., and P. Newman. 2015. Decarbonising Cities: Mainstreaming Low Carbon Urban Development. Cham and London: Springer.
  • Ren, H., Q. Wu, J. Ren, and W. Gao. 2014. “Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Local Energy Management Based on Urban–Rural Cooperation in China.” Applied Thermal Engineering 64 (1–2): 224–232.
  • Ribera, T., and J. Sachs. 2015. Pathways to Deep Decarbonisation. Report published by Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI), December 2015.
  • Santibanez-Gonzalez, E. D. R., J. Sarkis, A. Dolgui, L. Koh, K. Govindan, M. Jin, Q. Zhao, T. Nyberg, and Z. Zhang. 2016. “Low Carbon Economy and Equitable Society: Production, Supply Chain, and Operations Management Perspectives.” Journal of Cleaner Production 117 (20): 7–9.
  • Shi, L., X. Xiang, W. Zhu, and L. Gao. 2018. “Standardization of the Evaluation Index System for Low Carbon Cities in China: A Case Study of Xiamen.” Sustainability 10 (10): 3751.
  • Siew, R. Y. J. 2018. “Green Township Index: Malaysia’s Sustainable Township Rating Tool.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 171 (4): 169–177.
  • Siew, R. Y. J., M. C. A. Balatbat, and D. G. Camichael. 2013. A Review of Building/Infrastructure Sustainability Reporting Tools (SRTs). Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2, 2. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SASBE-03-2013-0010/full/html.
  • Songa’o Local Government document. 2013. Study of Space Planning in Songa’o Town, Fenghua City 奉化市松岙镇空间规划研究, provided by the local government.
  • Souliotis, M., S. Kalogirou, and Y. Tripanagnostopoulos. 2009. “Modelling of an ICS Solar Water Heater Using Artificial Neural Networks and TRNSYS.” Renewable Energy 34: 1333–1339.
  • Southern Company. 2018. Planning for a Low-Carbon Future. 28 pp. https://www.southerncompany.com/content/dam/southern-company/pdf/corpresponsibility/Planning-for-a-low-carbon-future.pdf.
  • Sovacool, B. K., A. Hook, M. Martiskainen, and L. Baker. 2019. “The Whole Systems Energy Injustice of Four European Low-Carbon Transitions.” Global Environmental Change 58, 101958.
  • Suhaida, M. S., K. L. Tan, and Y. P. Leong. 2013. “Green Buildings in Malaysia towards Greener Environment: Challenges for Policy Makers.” In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 16, no. 1, 012121, IOP Publishing.
  • Sustainable Build. 2018. The UK’s First Low Carbon Town. http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/uks-first-low-carbon-town.html.
  • Tan, Z. X., and D. M. Chen. 2011. “Research on Development Patterns and Action Strategies of Low-Carbon City in China, China Population.” Resource, and Environment 21 (9): 69–75. [in Chinese].
  • Tan, S., J. Yang, and J. Yan. 2015. “Development of the Low-Carbon City Indicator (LCCI) Framework.” Energy Procedia 75: 2516–2522.
  • Todhunter, T. 2011. Low-Carbon Communities: A Grassroots Perspective on Public Engagement. Engaging the Public with Climate Change: Behaviour Change And Communication, 252–269.
  • Tyfield, D., A. Ely, and S. Geall. 2015. “Low Carbon Innovation in China: From Overlooked Opportunities and Challenges to Transitions in Power Relations and Practices.” Sustainable Development 23 (4): 206–216.
  • Urban, F. 2014. Low Carbon Transitions for Developing Countries. London: Routledge, Earthscan.
  • Urban, F., and S. Geall. 2014. Low Carbon Innovation in Chinese Solar Power: Prospects, Politics and Practices, China Low Carbon Report 2 – STEPS, Working Paper 70. Brighton: STEPS Centre.
  • Van der Heijden, J. 2016. “ Experimental Governance for Low-Carbon Buildings and Cities: Value and Limits of Local Action Networks.” Cities 53: 1–7.
  • Velenturf, A. P. M., P. Purnell, M. Tregent, J. Ferguson, and A. Holmes. 2018. “Co-producing a Vision and Approach for the Transition towards a Circular Economy: Perspectives from Government Partners.” Sustainability 10 (5): 1401.
  • Viitanen, J., P. Connell, and M. Tommis. 2015. “Creating Smart Neighborhoods: Insights from Two Low-Carbon Communities in Sheffield and Leeds, United Kingdom.” Journal of Urban Technology 22 (2): 19–41.
  • Virdis, M. R., I. Alloisio, A. Antimiani, S. Borghesi, E. De Cian, M. Gaeta, C. Martini, R. Parrado, M. C. Tommasino, and E. Verdolini. 2015. Pathways to Deep Decarbonisation in Italy. Paris, France: SDSN-IDDRI.
  • Wagner, K. 2013. “Energy Certification in Township and Residential Planning.” In Annual Greentech Conference 2013. http://ir.unikl.edu.my/jspui/handle/123456789/5152.
  • Wang, X. R., E. C. M. Hui, C. Choguill, and S. H. Jia. 2015. “The New Urbanization Policy in China: Which Way Forward?” Habitat International 47: 279–284.
  • Wang, Y., Y. Liu, Y. Li, and T. Li. 2016a. “The Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Urban–Rural Development Transformation in China Since 1990.” Habitat International 53: 178–187.
  • Wang, D., R. Nie, and H. Y. Shi. 2011. “Scenario Analysis of China's Primary Energy Demand and CO2 Emissions Based on IPAT Model.” Energy Procedia 5: 365–369.
  • Wang, X., G. Zhao, C. He, X. Wang, and W. Peng. 2016b. “Low-Carbon Neighborhood Planning Technology and Indicator System.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 57: 1066–1076.
  • Wang, S., C. Zhou, G. Li, and K. Feng. 2016c. “CO2, Economic Growth, and Energy Consumption in China's Provinces: Investigating the Spatiotemporal and Econometric Characteristics of China's CO2 Emissions.” Ecological Indicators 69: 184–195.
  • Wang, X-P.2007. “Perspective on Planning of Green Land System of Urbanized Township in Zhujiang Delta.” Forest Inventory and Planning 4 (in Chinese).
  • Williams, J. 2013. “The Role of Planning in Delivering Low-Carbon Urban Infrastructure.” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 40 (4): 683–706.
  • Williams, J. 2016. “Can Low Carbon City Experiments Transform the Development Regime?” Futures 77: 80–96.
  • Xie, L., A. Cheshmehzangi, M. Tan-Mullins, A. Flynn, and T. Heath. 2020. “Urban Entrepreneurialism and Sustainable Development: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Eco-Developments.” Journal of Urban Technology 27 (1): 3–26.
  • Xie, L., M. Tan-Mullins, and A. Cheshmehzangi. 2019. “Political Ecology of Chinese Smart Eco-Cities.” In Remaking Sustainable Urbanism, edited by X. Zhang, 57–78. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Xin, Z., and Y. Zhang. 2008. “Low Carbon Economy and Low Carbon City.” Urban Studies 4: 98–102.
  • Xu, B., S. Zhou, and L. Hao. 2015. “Approach and Practices of District Energy Planning to Achieve low Carbon Outcomes in China.” Energy Policy 83: 109–122.
  • Xueying, H. Q. T. H. L. 2012. “Green Design Strategies of Tianjin Township Industrial Buildings.” Industrial Construction 3: 14.
  • Yaman, R., J. Abdullah, F. Z. Ismail, and N. Ahmad. 2018a. Sustainable Dimension Pillars Adaptation in Green Township Assessment Criteria, 312–317. http://www.mgbc.org.my/Downloads/08052018_MUIGBC2018_E-PROCEEDING_PAPER/20180508_7_Low_Carbon_Community/1_Sustainable_Dimension_Pillars_Adaptation_in_Green_Township_Assessment_Criteria.pdf.
  • Yaman, R., S. Thadaniti, N. Ahmad, F. M. Halil, and N. M. Nasir. 2018b. Sustainable Dimension Adaptation Measure in Green Township Assessment Criteria. E&ES, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 158(1), 012008, Conference held April 3–5, Bandung, Indonesia, IOP Publishing.
  • Yang, X., and R. Li. 2018. “Investigating Low-Caron City: Empirical Study of Shanghai.” Sustainability 10 (4): 1054.
  • Yang, X., F. Teng, and G. Wang. 2013. “Quantifying Co-Benefit Potentials in the Chinese Cement Sector During 12th Five Year Plan: An Analysis Based on Marginal Abatement Cost with Monetized Environmental Effect.” Journal of Cleaner Production 58: 102–111.
  • Yu, H. 2012. “The Influential Factors of China's Regional Energy Intensity and its Spatial Linkages: 1988–2007.” Energy Policy 45: 583–593.
  • Yuan, X., and J. Zuo. 2011. “Transition to Low Carbon Energy Policies in China—from the Five-Year Plan Perspective.” Energy Policy 39 (6): 3855–3859.
  • Yun-nan, X. R. B. C., and W. J. D. Xin-zhao. 2010. “The Community Low-Carbon Planning of Asian Sports Meet Town Based on Ecological Problems in Guangzhou.” Modern Urban Research 12 (In Chinese).
  • Zhang, L., Y. Geng, H. Dong, Y. Zhong, T. Fujita, B. Xue, and H. S. Park. 2016a. “Emergy-Based Assessment on the Brownfield Redevelopment of one old Industrial Area: A Case of Tiexi in China.” Journal of Cleaner Production 114: 150–159.
  • Zhang, C., and X. Li. 2016. “Urban Redevelopment as Multi-Scalar Planning and Contestation: The Case of Enning Road Project in Guangzhou, China.” Habitat International 56: 157–165.
  • Zhang, L., Q. Liu, N. W. Hall, and Z. Fu. 2007. “An Environmental Accounting Framework Applied to Green Space Ecosystem Planning for Small Towns in China as a Case Study.” Ecological Economics 60 (3): 533–542.
  • Zhang, X., Y. Ma, B. Ye, Z. M. Chen, and L. Xiong. 2016b. “Feasibility Analyses of Developing Low Carbon City with Hybrid Energy Systems in China: The Case of Shenzhen.” Sustainability 8 (5): 452.
  • Zhao, Z. Y., L. Gao, and J. Zuo. 2019. “How National Policies Facilitate Low Carbon City Development: A China Study.” Journal of Cleaner Production 234: 743–754.
  • Zhou, Y., F. Hao, W. Meng, and J. Fu. 2014. “Scenario Analysis of Energy-Based Low-Carbon Development in China.” Journal of Environmental Sciences 26 (8): 1631–1640.
  • Zhou, N., G. He, C. Williams, and D. Fridley. 2015. “ELITE Cities: A Low-Carbon Eco-City Evaluation Tool for China.” Ecological Indicators 48: 448–456.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.