Advanced search
Publication Cover
International Journal of Sustainable Energy Volume 41, 2022 - Issue 11
Submit an article Journal homepage
3,189
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Sustainable strategies for anaerobic digestion of oil palm empty fruit bunches in Indonesia: a review

Sri Suhartinia Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia;b Sustainable Bioresources, Waste Technology and Bioeconomy (SBistec) Research Group, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaCorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
,
Nur Hidayata Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia;b Sustainable Bioresources, Waste Technology and Bioeconomy (SBistec) Research Group, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaView further author information
,
Novita Ainur Rohmaa Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaView further author information
,
Roshni Paulc Bioresource and Bioeconomy Research Group, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UKView further author information
,
Martasari Beti Pangestutia Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaView further author information
,
Reny Nurul Utamia Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaView further author information
,
Irnia Nurikaa Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia;b Sustainable Bioresources, Waste Technology and Bioeconomy (SBistec) Research Group, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaView further author information
&
Lynsey Melvillec Bioresource and Bioeconomy Research Group, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UKView further author information
 show all
Pages 2044-2096 | Received 18 Nov 2021, Accepted 25 Sep 2022, Published online: 14 Oct 2022

References

  • Ab Rasid, N. S., A. Shamjuddin, A. Z. Abdul Rahman, and N. A. S. Amin. 2021. “Recent Advances in Green Pre-Treatment Methods of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Enhanced Biofuel Production.” Journal of Cleaner Production 321: 1–23. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129038.
  • Abdullah, M. A., and H. A. Hussein. 2021. “Integrated Algal and Oil Palm Biorefinery as a Model System for Bioenergy Co-Generation with Bioproducts and Biopharmaceuticals.” Bioresources and Bioprocessing 8 (40): 1–29. doi:10.1186/s40643-021-00396-0.
  • Abdullah, N., and F. Sulaiman. 2013. “Chapter 3 - The Oil Palm Wastes in Malaysia.” In Biomass Now-Sustainable Growth and Use, edited by M. D. Matovic, Vol. 1, 75–93. Rijeka: IntechOpen.
  • Abdullah, B., S. A. F. A. Syed Muhammad, Z. Shokravi, S. Ismail, K. A. Kassim, A. N. Mahmood, and M. M. A. Aziz. 2019. “Fourth Generation Biofuel: A Review on Risks and Mitigation Strategies.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 107: 37–50. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.02.018.
  • Abraham, A., A. K. Mathew, H. Park, O. Choi, R. Sindhu, B. Parameswaran, A. Pandey, J. H. Park, and B.-I. Sang. 2020. “Pretreatment Strategies for Enhanced Biogas Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass.” Bioresource Technology 301: 122725. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122725.
  • Abu-Dahrieh, J., A. Orozco, E. Groom, and D. Rooney. 2011. “Batch and Continuous Biogas Production from Grass Silage Liquor.” Bioresource Technology 102 (23): 10922–10928. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.072.
  • Adinurani, P. G., T. Liwang, Salafudin, L. O. Nelwan, Y. Sakri, S. K. Wahono, and R. Hendroko. 2013. “The Study of Two Stages Anaerobic Digestion Application and Suitable Bio-Film as an Effort to Improve bio-gas Productivity from Jatropha curcas Linn Capsule Husk.” Energy Procedia 32: 84–89. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.011.
  • Agabo-García, C., M. Pérez, B. Rodríguez-Morgado, J. Parrado, and R. Solera. 2019. “Biomethane Production Improvement by Enzymatic pre-Treatments and Enhancers of Sewage Sludge Anaerobic Digestion.” Fuel 255: 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115713.
  • Agbor, V. B., N. Cicek, R. Sparling, A. Berlin, and D. B. Levin. 2011. “Biomass Pretreatment: Fundamentals Toward Application.” Biotechnology Advances 29 (6): 675–685. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005.
  • Aguilar-Rivera, N., R. C. Llarena-Hernández, C. Michel-Cuello, M. R. Gámez-Pastrana, and T. de Jesús Debernardi-Vazquez. 2017. “Chapter 1. Competitive Edible Mushroom Production from Nonconventional Waste Biomass.” In Future Foods, edited by H. Mikkola, 1–26. Croatia: IntechOpen.
  • Ahmad Rizal, N. F., M. F. Ibrahim, M. R. Zakaria, E. Kamal Bahrin, S. Abd-Aziz, and M. A. Hassan. 2018. “Combination of Superheated Steam with Laccase Pretreatment Together with Size Reduction to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Biomass.” Molecules 23 (4): 1–14. doi:10.3390/molecules23040811.
  • Ahmad, A., S. M. U. Shah, M. F. Othman, and M. A. Abdullah. 2014. “Enhanced Palm oil Mill Effluent Treatment and Biomethane Production by Co-Digestion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches with Chlorella Sp.” The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 92 (9): 1636–1642. doi:10.1002/cjce.22029.
  • Ahmad, F. B., Z. Zhang, W. O. S. Doherty, and I. M. O’Hara. 2019. “The Outlook of the Production of Advanced Fuels and Chemicals from Integrated Oil Palm Biomass Biorefinery.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 109: 386–411. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.009.
  • Ahmed, S., and M. Kazda. 2017. “Characteristics of On-demand Biogas Production by Using Sugar Beet Silage.” Anaerobe 46: 114–121. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.04.016.
  • Ahuja, V., M. Macho, D. Ewe, M. Singh, S. Saha, and K. Saurav. 2020. “Biological and Pharmacological Potential of Xylitol: A Molecular Insight of Unique Metabolism.” Foods (basel, Switzerland) 9 (11): 1–24. doi:10.3390/foods9111592.
  • Albertó, E. 2017. “Chapter 19 - Naturally Occurring Strains of Edible Mushrooms: A Source to Improve the Mushroom Industry.” In Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms: Technology and Applications, edited by C. Z. Diego and A. Pardo-Giménez, 415–425. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Ali, S. S., A. E.-F. Abomohra, and J. Sun. 2017. “Effective Bio-pretreatment of Sawdust Waste with a Novel Microbial Consortium for Enhanced Biomethanation.” Bioresource Technology 238: 425–432. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.187.
  • Ali, S. S., A. M. Mustafa, M. Kornaros, A. Manni, J. Sun, and M. A. Khalil. 2020. “Construction of Novel Microbial Consortia CS-5 and BC-4 Valued for the Degradation of Catalpa Sawdust and Chlorophenols Simultaneously with Enhancing Methane Production.” Bioresource Technology 301: 1–15. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122720.
  • Ali, A. A. M., M. R. Othman, Y. Shirai, and M. A. Hassan. 2015. “Sustainable and Integrated Palm oil Biorefinery Concept with Value-Addition of Biomass and Zero Emission System.” Journal of Cleaner Production 91: 96–99. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.030.
  • Amin, N., N. Ya’aini, M. Misson, R. Haron, and M. Mohamed. 2010. “Enzymed Pretreated Empty Palm Fruit Bunch for Biofuel Production.” Journal of Applied Sciences 10 (12): 1181–1186. doi:10.3923/jas.2010.1181.1186.
  • Amir, E., S. Hophmayer-Tokich, and T. B. Kurnani. 2016. “Socio-economic Considerations of Converting Food Waste Into Biogas on a Household Level in Indonesia: The Case of the City of Bandung.” Recycling 1 (1): 61–88. doi:10.3390/recycling1010061.
  • Anukam, A., A. Mohammadi, M. Naqvi, and K. Granström. 2019. “A Review of the Chemistry of Anaerobic Digestion: Methods of Accelerating and Optimizing Process Efficiency.” Processes 7 (8): 1–19. doi:10.3390/w13182566.
  • Appels, L., J. Lauwers, J. Degrève, L. Helsen, B. Lievens, K. Willems, J. Van Impe, and R. Dewil. 2011. “Anaerobic Digestion in Global bio-Energy Production: Potential and Research Challenges.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (9): 4295–4301. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.121.
  • Arbaain, E. N. N., E. K. Bahrin, M. F. Ibrahim, Y. Ando, and S. Abd-Aziz. 2019. “Biological Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Schizophyllum commune ENN1 Without Washing and Nutrient Addition.” Processes 7 (402): 1–8. doi:10.3390/pr7070402.
  • Ardhiansyah, H., and B. Budiyono. 2018. “Enhanced Biogas Production from Sawdust with Various Pretreatments During Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion: An Overview.” Advanced Science Letters 24 (12): 9645–9647. doi:10.1166/asl.2018.13101.
  • Ariffin, H., M. Hassan, M. Umi Kalsom, N. Abdullah, and Y. Shirai. 2008. “Effect of Physical, Chemical and Thermal Pretreatments on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB).” Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science 36 (2): 259–268.
  • Aro, E.-M. 2016. “From First Generation Biofuels to Advanced Solar Biofuels.” Ambio 45 (1): 24–31. doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0730-0.
  • Asiegbu, F. O., A. Paterson, and J. E. Smith. 1996. “The Effects of Co-fungal Cultures and Supplementation with Carbohydrate Adjuncts on Lignin Biodegradation and Substrate Digestibility.” World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 12 (3): 273–279. doi:10.1007/BF00360927.
  • Aslanzadeh, S., K. Rajendran, and M. J. Taherzadeh. 2014. “A Comparative Study Between Single- and Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion Processes: Effects of Organic Loading Rate and Hydraulic Retention Time.” International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 95: 181–188. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.06.008.
  • Atabani, A. E., E. Mahmoud, M. Aslam, S. R. Naqvi, D. Juchelková, S. K. Bhatia, I. A. Badruddin, T. M. Y. Khan, A. T. Hoang, and P. Palacky. 2022a. “Emerging Potential of Spent Coffee Ground Valorization for Fuel Pellet Production in a Biorefinery.” Environment, Development and Sustainability 2022: 1–39. doi:10.1007/s10668-022-02361-z.
  • Atabani, A. E., V. K. Tyagi, G. Fongaro, H. Treichel, A. Pugazhendhi, and A. T. Hoang. 2022b. “Integrated Biorefineries, Circular Bio-Economy, and Valorization of Organic Waste Streams with Respect to Bio-Products.” Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 12 (3): 565–565. doi:10.1007/s13399-021-02017-4.
  • Ayompe, L. M., M. Schaafsma, and B. N. Egoh. 2021. “Towards Sustainable Palm oil Production: The Positive and Negative Impacts on Ecosystem Services and Human Wellbeing.” Journal of Cleaner Production 278: 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123914.
  • Aziz, M. M. A., K. A. Kassim, M. ElSergany, S. Anuar, M. E. Jorat, H. Yaacob, A. Ahsan, M. A. Imteaz, and Arifuzzaman. 2020. “Recent Advances on Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Pretreatment and Anaerobic Reactor for Sustainable Biogas Production.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 119: 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109603.
  • Baghbanzadeh, M., J. Savage, H. Balde, M. Sartaj, A. C. VanderZaag, N. Abdehagh, and B. Strehler. 2021. “Enhancing Hydrolysis and Bio-Methane Generation of Extruded Lignocellulosic Wood Waste Using Microbial Pre-Treatment.” Renewable Energy 170: 438–448. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.131.
  • Bajpai, P. 2017. Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry. Singapore: Springer.
  • Bakır, H., Ü Ağbulut, A. E. Gürel, G. Yıldız, U. Güvenç, M. E. M. Soudagar, A. T. Hoang, B. Deepanraj, G. Saini, and A. Afzal. 2022. “Forecasting of Future Greenhouse gas Emission Trajectory for India Using Energy and Economic Indexes with Various Metaheuristic Algorithms.” Journal of Cleaner Production 360 (131946): 1–24. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131946.
  • Banu, J. R., S. Sugitha, S. Kavitha, R. Y. Kannah, J. Merrylin, and G. Kumar. 2021. “Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment for Enhanced Bioenergy Recovery: Effect of Lignocelluloses Recalcitrance and Enhancement Strategies.” Frontiers in Energy Research (679): 1–17. doi:10.3389/fenrg.2021.646057.
  • Bateni, H., K. Karimi, A. Zamani, and F. Benakashani. 2014. “Castor Plant for Biodiesel, Biogas, and Ethanol Production with a Biorefinery Processing Perspective.” Applied Energy 136: 14–22. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.09.005.
  • Bhutto, A. W., K. Qureshi, K. Harijan, R. Abro, T. Abbas, A. A. Bazmi, S. Karim, and G. Yu. 2017. “Insight Into Progress in Pre-treatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass.” Energy 122: 724–745. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.005.
  • Boons, F., and A. Mendoza. 2010. “Constructing Sustainable Palm Oil: How Actors Define Sustainability.” Journal of Cleaner Production 18 (16): 1686–1695. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.07.003.
  • Borreani, G., E. Tabacco, R. J. Schmidt, B. J. Holmes, and R. E. Muck. 2018. “Silage Review: Factors Affecting Dry Matter and Quality Losses in Silages.” Journal of Dairy Science 101 (5): 3952–3979. doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13837.
  • BPS-Statistics Indonesia. 2018. Indonesian Oil Palm Statistics 2018. Jakarta: BPS-Statistics Indonesia.
  • Brémond, U., R. de Buyer, J.-P. Steyer, N. Bernet, and H. Carrere. 2018. “Biological Pretreatments of Biomass for Improving Biogas Production: An Overview from Lab Scale to Full-Scale.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 90: 583–604. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.103.
  • Burhani, D., and E. Triwahyuni. 2019. An Integrated Biorefinery Process of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Bioethanol and Flame Retardant. 020034–020034. New York: AIP Publishing.
  • Cabrales, H., N. Arzola, and O. Araque. 2020. “The Effects of Moisture Content, Fiber Length and Compaction Time on African Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Briquette Quality Parameters.” Heliyon 6 (12): 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05607.
  • Cai, Y., Z. Zheng, F. Schäfer, W. Stinner, X. Yuan, H. Wang, Z. Cui, and X. Wang. 2021. “A Review About Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass in Anaerobic Digestion: Achievement and Challenge in Germany and China.” Journal of Cleaner Production 299: 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126885.
  • Carrere, H., G. Antonopoulou, R. Affes, F. Passos, A. Battimelli, G. Lyberatos, and I. Ferrer. 2016. “Review of Feedstock Pretreatment Strategies for Improved Anaerobic Digestion: From Lab-Scale Research to Full-Scale Application.” Bioresource Technology 199: 386–397. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.007.
  • Castano, J. D., C. C. Crespo, and E. Torres. 2019. “Evaluation of Chemical and Biological Treatments to Degrade oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and Their Potential Use.” Journal of Oil Palm Research 31 (2): 271–280. doi:10.21894/jopr.2019.0016.
  • Chaikitkaew, S., P. Kongjan, and S. O-Thong. 2015. “Biogas Production from Biomass Residues of Palm Oil Mill by Solid State Anaerobic Digestion.” Energy Procedia 79: 838–844. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.575.
  • Chen, W.-H., R. Aniza, A. A. Arpia, H.-J. Lo, A. T. Hoang, V. Goodarzi, and J. Gao. 2022b. “A Comparative Analysis of Biomass Torrefaction Severity Index Prediction from Machine Learning.” Applied Energy 324 (119689): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119689.
  • Chen, Y., J. J. Cheng, and K. S. Creamer. 2008. “Inhibition of Anaerobic Digestion Process: A Review.” Bioresource Technology 99 (10): 4044–4064. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.057.
  • Chen, Y., J. He, Y.-Q. Wang, T. A. Kotsopoulos, P. Kaparaju, and R. J. Zeng. 2016. “Development of an Anaerobic Co-Metabolic Model for Degradation of Phenol, m-Cresol and Easily Degradable Substrate.” Biochemical Engineering Journal 106: 19–25. doi:10.1016/j.bej.2015.11.003.
  • Chen, F., C. Martín, T. A. Lestander, A. Grimm, and S. Xiong. 2022a. “Shiitake Cultivation as Biological Preprocessing of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks – Substrate Changes in Crystallinity, Syringyl/Guaiacyl Lignin and Degradation-Derived by-Products.” Bioresource Technology 344: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126256.
  • Chen, J. L., R. Ortiz, T. W. Steele, and D. C. Stuckey. 2014a. “Toxicants Inhibiting Anaerobic Digestion: A Review.” Biotechnology Advances 32 (8): 1523–1534. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.005.
  • Chen, Y., B. Rößler, S. Zielonka, A. Lemmer, A.-M. Wonneberger, and T. Jungbluth. 2014b. “The Pressure Effects on Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion.” Applied Energy 116: 409–415. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.11.012.
  • Chiesa, S., and E. Gnansounou. 2014. “Use of Empty Fruit Bunches from the Oil Palm for Bioethanol Production: A Thorough Comparison Between Dilute Acid and Dilute Alkali Pretreatment.” Bioresource Technology 159: 355–364. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.122.
  • Chin, D. W. K., S. Lim, Y. L. Pang, L. K. Leong, and C. H. Lim. 2019. “Investigation of Organosolv Pretreatment to Natural Microbial-Degraded Empty Fruit Bunch for Sugar Based Substrate Recovery.” Energy Procedia 158: 1065–1071. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.258.
  • Chin, K. L., M. Y. Nurliyana, P. San H’ng, C. L. Lee, W. Z. Go, P. San Khoo, R. A. R. Nazrin, and S. N. Ashikin. 2020. “Effects of Bacterial Bio-Augmentation on the Methane Potential from Facultative Digestion of Palm oil Mill Effluent and Empty Fruit Bunch.” Waste and Biomass Valorization 11: 3407–3418. doi:10.1007/s12649-019-00680-3.
  • Chiumenti, A., F. da Borso, and S. Limina. 2018. “Dry Anaerobic Digestion of cow Manure and Agricultural Products in a Full-Scale Plant: Efficiency and Comparison with wet Fermentation.” Waste Management 71: 704–710. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.046.
  • Chynoweth, D. P., J. M. Owens, and R. Legrand. 2001. “Renewable Methane from Anaerobic Digestion of Biomass.” Renewable Energy 22 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/S0960-1481(00)00019-7.
  • Coblentz, W. K., and M. S. Akins. 2018. “Silage Review: Recent Advances and Future Technologies for Baled Silages.” Journal of Dairy Science 101 (5): 4075–4092. doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13708.
  • Darwin, D. D. 2019. “Removal of Organic Pollutants from Tofu-Processing Wastewater Through Anaerobic Treatment Process with Short Hydraulic Retention Time.” Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 75 (1): 34–42. doi:10.5755/j01.erem.75.1.21532.
  • de Gonzalo, G., D. I. Colpa, M. H. M. Habib, and M. W. Fraaije. 2016. “Bacterial Enzymes Involved in Lignin Degradation.” Journal of Biotechnology 236: 110–119. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.08.011.
  • De La Rubia, M., J. Villamil, and A. Mohedano. 2019. “Anaerobic Digestion for Methane and Hydrogen Production.” In Wastewater Treatment Residues as Resources for Biorefinery Products and Biofuels, edited by J. A. Olivares, D. Puyol, J. A. Melero, and J. Dufour, 67–83. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Deb, N., M. Z. Alam, M. F. R. Al-khatib, and A. Elgharbawy. 2019. “Development of Acid-Base-Enzyme Pretreatment and Hydrolysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Bioethanol Production.” In Liquid Biofuel Production, edited by L. K. Singh and G. Chaudhary, 197–221. New Jersey: Scrivener Publishing LLC.
  • Deublein, D., and A. Stenhauser. 2011. Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources: An Introduction. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
  • Dębowski, M., M. Zieliński, A. Grala, and M. Dudek. 2013. “Algae Biomass as an Alternative Substrate in Biogas Production Technologies—Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 27: 596–604. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.07.029.
  • Dhouib, A., F. Aloui, N. Hamad, and S. Sayadi. 2006. “Pilot-plant Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewaters by Phanerochaete chrysosporium Coupled to Anaerobic Digestion and Ultrafiltration.” Process Biochemistry 41 (1): 159–167. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2005.06.008.
  • Dimawarnita, F., U. Perwitasari, S. Marsudi, Y. Faramitha, and S. Suharyanto. 2022. “The Utilization of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Growth of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Biodelignification Process During Planting Cycle.” Agrivita 44 (1): 165. doi:10.17503/agrivita.v44i1.2311.
  • Díaz, I., F. Fdz-Polanco, B. Mutsvene, and M. Fdz-Polanco. 2020. “Effect of Operating Pressure on Direct Biomethane Production from Carbon Dioxide and Exogenous Hydrogen in the Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge.” Applied Energy 280: 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115915.
  • dos Santos, L. A., T. H. L. Silva, C. R. D. M. Oliveira, J. F. T. Jucá, and A. F. D. M. S. Santos. 2022. “Silage as a pre-Treatment of Orange Bagasse Waste to Increase the Potential for Methane Generation.” Science of The Total Environment 823: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153613.
  • Dutta, K., A. Daverey, and J.-G. Lin. 2014. “Evolution Retrospective for Alternative Fuels: First to Fourth Generation.” Renewable Energy 69: 114–122. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2014.02.044.
  • El-Mashad, H. M. 2015. “Biomethane and Ethanol Production Potential of Spirulina platensis Algae and Enzymatically Saccharified Switchgrass.” Biochemical Engineering Journal 93: 119–127. doi:10.1016/j.bej.2014.09.009.
  • Evranos, B., and B. Demirel. 2015. “The Impact of Ni, Co and Mo Supplementation on Methane Yield from Anaerobic Mono-Digestion of Maize Silage.” Environmental Technology 36 (12): 1556–1562. doi:10.1080/09593330.2014.997297.
  • Fagbohungbe, M. O., I. C. Dodd, B. M. J. Herbert, H. Li, L. Ricketts, and K. T. Semple. 2015. “High Solid Anaerobic Digestion: Operational Challenges and Possibilities.” Environmental Technology & Innovation 4: 268–284. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2015.09.003.
  • Falade, A. O., U. U. Nwodo, B. C. Iweriebor, E. Green, L. V. Mabinya, and A. I. Okoh. 2017. “Lignin Peroxidase Functionalities and Prospective Applications.” MicrobiologyOpen 6 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1002/mbo3.394.
  • Fan, L., A. Pandey, R. Mohan, and C. Soccol. 2000. “Use of Various Coffee Industry Residues for the Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus in Solid State Fermentation.” Acta Biotechnologica 20 (1): 41–52. doi:10.1002/abio.370200108.
  • Feng, L., E. F. Kristensen, V. Moset, A. J. Ward, and H. B. Møller. 2018. “Ensiling of Tall Fescue for Biogas Production: Effect of Storage Time, Additives and Mechanical Pretreatment.” Energy for Sustainable Development 47: 143–148.
  • Fermoso, F. G., A. Serrano, B. Alonso-Fariñas, J. Fernández-Bolaños, R. Borja, and G. Rodríguez-Gutiérrez. 2018. “Valuable Compound Extraction, Anaerobic Digestion, and Composting: A Leading Biorefinery Approach for Agricultural Wastes.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66 (32): 8451–8468. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02667.
  • Ferraro, A., G. Dottorini, G. Massini, V. Mazzurco Miritana, A. Signorini, G. Lembo, and M. Fabbricino. 2018. “Combined Bioaugmentation with Anaerobic Ruminal Fungi and Fermentative Bacteria to Enhance Biogas Production from Wheat Straw and Mushroom Spent Straw.” Bioresource Technology 260: 364–373. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.128.
  • Foutch, G. L., and A. H. Johannes. 2003. “Reactors in Process Engineering.” In Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, edited by R. A. Meyers, 3rd ed., Vol. 1, 23–43. San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Gatti, R. C., J. Liang, A. Velichevskaya, and M. Zhou. 2019. “Sustainable Palm oil may not be so Sustainable.” Science of the Total Environment 652: 48–51.
  • Gerardi, M. H. 2003. The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Ghaffar, S. H., M. Fan, and B. McVicar. 2015. “Bioengineering for Utilisation and Bioconversion of Straw Biomass Into bio-Products.” Industrial Crops and Products 77: 262–274. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.08.060.
  • Ghosh, P., G. Shah, S. Sahota, L. Singh, and V. K. Vijay. 2020. “Chapter 7 - Biogas Production from Waste: Technical Overview, Progress, and Challenges.” In Bioreactors: Sustainable Design and Industrial Applications in Mitigation of GHG Emissions, edited by L. Singh, A. Yousuf, and D. M. Mahapatra, 89–104. Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Goswami, L., R. Kayalvizhi, P. K. Dikshit, K. C. Sherpa, S. Roy, A. Kushwaha, B. S. Kim, R. Banerjee, S. Jacob, and R. C. Rajak. 2022. “A Critical Review on Prospects of Bio-Refinery Products from Second and Third Generation Biomasses.” Chemical Engineering Journal 448 (137677): 1–19. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.137677.
  • Gould, M. C. 2015. “Chapter 18 - Bioenergy and Anaerobic Digestion.” In Bioenergy: Biomass to Biofuels, edited by A. Dahiya, 297–317. Boston: Academic Press.
  • Gómez, D., J. L. Ramos-Suárez, B. Fernández, E. Muñoz, L. Tey, M. Romero-Güiza, and F. Hansen. 2019. “Development of a Modified Plug-Flow Anaerobic Digester for Biogas Production from Animal Manures.” Energies 12 (13): 1–17. doi:10.3390/en12132628.
  • Grangeiro, L. C., S. G. C. de Almeida, B. S. D. Mello, L. T. Fuess, A. Sarti, and K. J. Dussán. 2019. “Chapter 7 - New Trends in Biogas Production and Utilization.” In Sustainable Bioenergy: Advances and Impacts, edited by M. Rai and A. P. Ingle, 199–223. Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Grimm, D., and H. A. B. Wösten. 2018. “Mushroom Cultivation in the Circular Economy.” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 102 (18): 7795–7803. doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9226-8.
  • Gu, J.-D. 2016. “Biodegradation Testing: So Many Tests but Very Little new Innovation.” Applied Environmental Biotechnology (Transferred) 1 (1): 92–95. doi:10.26789/AEB.2016.01.007.
  • Gu, J.-D. 2021. “On Environmental Biotechnology of Bioremediation.” Applied Environmental Biotechnology 5 (2): 28–33. doi:10.26789/AEB.2020.02.002.
  • Hafyan, R. H., L. K. Bhullar, S. Mahadzir, M. R. Bilad, N. A. H. Nordin, M. D. H. Wirzal, Z. A. Putra, G. P. Rangaiah, and B. Abdullah. 2020. “Integrated Biorefinery of Empty Fruit Bunch from Palm oil Industries to Produce Valuable Biochemicals.” Processes 8 (7): 1–24. doi:10.3390/pr8070868.
  • Halim, L., M. Mellyanawaty, R. B. Cahyono, H. Sudibyo, and W. Budhijanto. 2017. Anaerobic Digestion of Palm oil Mill Effluent with Lampung Natural Zeolite as Microbe Immobilization Medium and Digested cow Manure as Starter, 10003. New York: AIP Publishing.
  • Hambali, E., and M. Rivai. 2017. The Potential of Palm oil Waste Biomass in Indonesia in 2020 and 2030, 012050–012050. Bristol: IOP Publishing.
  • Hamzah, F., A. Idris, and T. K. Shuan. 2011. “Preliminary Study on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Treated Oil Palm (Elaeis) Empty Fruit Bunches Fibre (EFB) by Using Combination of Cellulase and β 1-4 Glucosidase.” Biomass and Bioenergy 35: 1055–1059. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.020.
  • Harahap, F., S. Leduc, S. Mesfun, D. Khatiwada, F. Kraxner, and S. Silveira. 2020b. “Meeting the Bioenergy Targets from Palm oil Based Biorefineries: An Optimal Configuration in Indonesia.” Applied Energy 278: 1–15. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115749.
  • Harahap, B. M., E. Mardawati, and D. Nurliasari. 2020a. “A Comprehensive Review: Integrated Microbial Xylitol, Bioethanol, and Cellulase Production from oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches.” Jurnal Industri Pertanian 2 (1): 142–157.
  • Harahap, F., S. Silveira, and D. Khatiwada. 2019. “Cost Competitiveness of Palm oil Biodiesel Production in Indonesia.” Energy 170: 62–72.
  • Harmini, S., M. D. Hutomo, L. Bahruddin, R. Millati, M. N. Cahyanto, C. Niklasson, and M. J. Taherzadeh. 2013. “Fungal Pretreatment of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch: Effect of Manganese and Nitrogen.” Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. 47 (9-10): 751–757.
  • Harsono, S. S., P. Grundmann, and S. Soebronto. 2014. “Anaerobic Treatment of Palm oil Mill Effluents: Potential Contribution to net Energy Yield and Reduction of Greenhouse gas Emissions from Biodiesel Production.” Journal of Cleaner Production 64: 619–627. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.056.
  • Hendriks, A. T. W. M., and G. Zeeman. 2009. “Pretreatments to Enhance the Digestibility of Lignocellulosic Biomass.” Bioresource Technology 100 (1): 10–18. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.027.
  • Herrmann, C., M. Heiermann, and C. Idler. 2011. “Effects of Ensiling, Silage Additives and Storage Period on Methane Formation of Biogas Crops.” Bioresource Technology 102 (8): 5153–5161. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.012.
  • Heryadi, R., A. Uyun, E. Yandri, S. Nur, K. Abdullah, and O. Anne. 2019. Biomass to Methanol Plant Based on Gasification of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch, 012036–012036. Bristol: IOP Publishing.
  • Hidayat, N., S. Suhartini, R. N. Utami, and M. B. Pangestuti. 2020. “Anaerobic Digestion of Fungally Pre-Treated oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches: Energy and Carbon Emission Footprint.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 524 (012019): 1–9. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/524/1/012019.
  • Hidayatullah, I. M., M. D. Al Husna, H. Radiyan, M. T. A. P. Kresnowati, S. H. Suhardi, T. Setiadi, and R. Boopathy. 2021. “Combining Biodelignification and Hydrothermal Pretreatment of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) for Monomeric Sugar Production.” Bioresource Technology Reports 15: 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100808.
  • Hirschmann, R. 2020. Palm Oil Industry in Indonesia- Statistics & Facts.
  • Hoang, A. T., Z. Huang, S. Nižetić, A. Pandey, X. P. Nguyen, R. Luque, H. C. Ong, Z. Said, T. H. Le, and V. V. Pham. 2022a. “Characteristics of Hydrogen Production from Steam Gasification of Plant-Originated Lignocellulosic Biomass and its Prospects in Vietnam.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 47 (7): 4394–4425. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.11.091.
  • Hoang, A. T., A. Pandey, Z. Huang, R. Luque, K. H. Ng, A. M. Papadopoulos, W.-H. Chen, et al. 2022b. “Catalyst-Based Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethylfuran from Carbohydrates as a Sustainable Biofuel Production Route.” ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10 (10): 3079–3115. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06363.
  • Hoang, A. T., P. S. Varbanov, S. Nižetić, R. Sirohi, A. Pandey, R. Luque, K. H. Ng, and V. V. Pham. 2022c. “Perspective Review on Municipal Solid Waste-to-Energy Route: Characteristics, Management Strategy, and Role in Circular Economy.” Journal of Cleaner Production 359 (131897): 1–29. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131897.
  • Hofrichter, M. 2002. “Review: Lignin Conversion by Manganese Peroxidase (MnP).” Enzyme and Microbial Technology 30 (4): 454–466. doi:10.1016/S0141-0229(01)00528-2.
  • Horan, N., A. Z. Yaser, and N. Wid. 2018. Anaerobic Digestion Preocesses: Application and Effluent Treatment. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
  • Intasit, R., J. Yeesang, and B. Cheirsilp. 2019. “Biological Pretreatment of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Using Oleaginous Aspergillus tubingensis TSIP9.” Journal of Water and Environment Technology 17: 244–250. doi:10.2965/jwet.18-054.
  • Ishmael, U. C., R. S. Shah, J. V. Palliah, M. F. F. Asras, S. S. Ahmad, and V. B. Ayodele. 2016. “Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Enzymatic Pretreatment of Empty Fruit Bunches with Laccase Enzyme.” BioResources 11 (2): 5013–5032. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105442.
  • Ishola, M. M., I. Isroi, and M. J. Taherzadeh. 2014. “Effect of Fungal and Phosphoric Acid Pretreatment on Ethanol Production from oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB).” Bioresource Technology 165: 9–12. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.053.
  • Ishola, M. M., R. Millati, S. Syamsiah, M. N. Cahyanto, C. Niklasson, and M. J. Taherzadeh. 2012. “Structural Changes of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) After Fungal and Phosphoric Acid Pretreatment.” Molecule 17 (12): 4995–15012.
  • Isroi, I. 2017. “Characteristic of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Pretreated with Pleurotus floridanus.” Menara Perkebunan 85 (2): 67–76. doi:10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.8v5i2.234.
  • Jaman, K., N. Amir, M. A. Musa, A. Zainal, L. Yahya, A. M. Abdul Wahab, S. Suhartini, T. N. Tuan Mohd Marzuki, R. Harun, and S. Idrus. 2022. “Anaerobic Digestion, Codigestion of Food Waste, and Chicken Dung: Correlation of Kinetic Parameters with Digester Performance and on-Farm Electrical Energy Generation Potential.” Fermentation 8 (28): 1–19. doi:10.3390/fermentation8010028.
  • Janke, L., B. K. McCabe, P. Harris, A. Hill, S. Lee, S. Weinrich, S. Marchuk, and C. Baillie. 2019. “Ensiling Fermentation Reveals Pre-Treatment Effects for Anaerobic Digestion of Sugarcane Biomass: An Assessment of Ensiling Additives on Methane Potential.” Bioresource Technology 279: 398–403. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.143.
  • Jansson, A. T., R. J. Patinvoh, I. Sárvári Horváth, and M. J. Taherzadeh. 2019. “Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Food and Paper Industry Wastes at Different Solid Contents.” Fermentation 5 (2): 1–10. doi:10.3390/fermentation5020040.
  • Jin, W., X. Xu, F. Yang, C. Li, and M. Zhou. 2018. “Performance Enhancement by Rumen Cultures in Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Corn Straw with pig Manure.” Biomass and Bioenergy 115: 120–129. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.05.001.
  • Jumali, S. S., and S. Ismail. 2017. “Ganoderma Boninense Efficacy in Delignifying oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches.” Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology 25: 1–8.
  • Kainthola, J., A. Podder, M. Fechner, and R. Goel. 2021. “An Overview of Fungal Pretreatment Processes for Anaerobic Digestion: Applications, Bottlenecks and Future Needs.” Bioresource Technology 321: 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124397.
  • Kamcharoen, A., V. Champreda, L. Eurwilaichitr, and P. Boonsawang. 2014. “Screening and Optimization of Parameters Affecting Fungal Pretreatment of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Experimental Design.” International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering 5 (4): 303–312. doi:10.1007/s40095-014-0136-y.
  • Kannaiyan, R., N. Mahinpey, V. Kostenko, and R. J. Martinuzzi. 2017. “Enhanced Delignification of Wheat Straw by the Combined Effect of Hydrothermal and Fungal Treatments.” Chemical Engineering Communications 204 (7): 803–812. doi:10.1080/00986445.2017.1322961.
  • Kasivisvanathan, H., R. T. L. Ng, D. H. S. Tay, and D. K. S. Ng. 2012. “Fuzzy Optimisation for Retrofitting a Palm oil Mill Into a Sustainable Palm oil-Based Integrated Biorefinery.” Chemical Engineering Journal 200-202: 694–709. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.05.113.
  • Kawai, M., I. F. Purwanti, N. Nagao, A. Slamet, J. Hermana, and T. Toda. 2012. “Seasonal Variation in Chemical Properties and Degradability by Anaerobic Digestion of Landfill Leachate at Benowo in Surabaya, Indonesia.” Journal of Environmental Management 110: 267–275. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.06.022.
  • Kerdsuwan, S., and K. Laohalidanond. 2011. Renewable Energy from Palm oil Empty Fruit Bunch, edited by M. Nayeripour, 123–150. Shanghai: InTech.
  • Khalid, A., M. Arshad, M. Anjum, T. Mahmood, and L. Dawson. 2011. “The Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Organic Waste.” Waste Management 31 (8): 1737–1744.
  • Khalil, M., M. A. Berawi, R. Heryanto, and A. Rizalie. 2019. “Waste to Energy Technology: The Potential of Sustainable Biogas Production from Animal Waste in Indonesia.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 105: 323–331. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.02.011.
  • Khangkhachit, W., W. Suyotha, C. Leamdum, and P. Prasertsan. 2021. “Production of Thermostable Xylanase Using Streptomyces Thermocarboxydus ME742 and Application in Enzymatic Conversion of Xylan from oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch to Xylooligosaccharides.” Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 37: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102180.
  • Kim, S. H., S. M. Choi, H. J. Ju, and J. Y. Jung. 2013. “Mesophilic Co-Digestion of Palm oil Mill Effluent and Empty Fruit Bunches.” Environmental Technology 34 (13-14): 2163–2170. doi:10.1080/09593330.2013.826253.
  • Korres, N. E., P. O’Kiely, J. A. Benzie, and J. S. West. 2013. Bioenergy Production by Anearobic Digestion. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Koupaie, E. H., S. Dahadha, A. A. Bazyar Lakeh, A. Azizi, and E. Elbeshbishy. 2019. “Enzymatic Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Enhanced Biomethane Production-A Review.” Journal of Environmental Management 233: 774–784. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.106.
  • Kristiani, A., N. Effendi, Y. Aristiawan, F. Aulia, and Y. Sudiyani. 2015. “Effect of Combining Chemical and Irradiation Pretreatment Process to Characteristic of oil Palm’s Empty Fruit Bunches as raw Material for Second Generation Bioethanol.” Energy Procedia 68: 195–204. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.248.
  • Kumar, B., N. Bhardwaj, K. Agrawal, V. Chaturvedi, and P. Verma. 2020. “Current Perspective on Pretreatment Technologies Using Lignocellulosic Biomass: An Emerging Biorefinery Concept.” Fuel Processing Technology 199: 106244. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106244.
  • Kumar, P., E. M. Eid, M. A. Taher, M. H. E. El-Morsy, H. E. M. Osman, D. A. Al-Bakre, B. Adelodun, et al. 2022. “Biotransforming the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes Berk.).” A Synergistic Approach to Biogas Production and Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.). Horticulturae 8 (479): 1–15. doi:10.3390/horticulturae8060479.
  • Kurian, J. K., G. R. Nair, A. Hussain, and G. S. V. Raghavan. 2013. “Feedstocks, Logistics and Pre-Treatment Processes for Sustainable Lignocellulosic Biorefineries: A Comprehensive Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 25: 205–219. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.04.019.
  • Lau, M. J., M. W. Lau, C. Gunawan, and B. E. Dale. 2010. “Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) Pretreatment, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Fermentation on Empty Palm Fruit Bunch Fiber (EPFBF) for Cellulosic Ethanol Production.” Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 162: 1847–1857. doi:10.1007/s12010-010-8962-8.
  • Lee, K.-T., J.-Y. Tsai, A. T. Hoang, W.-H. Chen, D. S. Gunarathne, K.-Q. Tran, A. Selvarajoo, and V. Goodarzi. 2022. “Energy-Saving Drying Strategy of Spent Coffee Grounds for Co-Firing Fuel by Adding Biochar for Carbon Sequestration to Approach net Zero.” Fuel 326 (124984): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124984.
  • Lemmer, A., W. Merkle, K. Baer, and F. Graf. 2017. “Effects of High-Pressure Anaerobic Digestion up to 30 bar on pH-Value, Production Kinetics and Specific Methane Yield.” Energy 138: 659–667. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.095.
  • Li, Y., Y. Chen, and J. Wu. 2019b. “Enhancement of Methane Production in Anaerobic Digestion Process: A Review.” Applied Energy 240: 120–137. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.243.
  • Li, F., Z. Ding, W. Ke, D. Xu, P. Zhang, J. Bai, S. Mudassar, I. Muhammad, and X. Guo. 2019a. “Ferulic Acid Esterase-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria and Cellulase Pretreatments of Corn Stalk Silage at two Different Temperatures: Ensiling Characteristics, Carbohydrates Composition and Enzymatic Saccharification.” Bioresource Technology 282: 211–221.
  • Li, Y., L. Liu, Q. Wang, J. Wu, T. Liu, H. Liu, Y. Hong, and T. Huang. 2021a. “Enhanced Anaerobic co-Metabolism of Coal Gasification Wastewater via the Assistance of Zero-Valent Iron.” Journal of Water Process Engineering 40: 101817. doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101817.
  • Li, Y., Z. Wang, T. Li, S. Jiang, Z. Sun, H. Jiang, M. Qian, H. Zhou, and Q. Xu. 2020. “Changes in Microbial Community and Methanogenesis During High-Solid Anaerobic Digestion of Ensiled Corn Stover.” Journal of Cleaner Production 242: 118479. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118479.
  • Li, Y., Q. Wang, L. Liu, S. Tabassum, J. Sun, and Y. Hong. 2021b. “Enhanced Phenols Removal and Methane Production with the Assistance of Graphene Under Anaerobic co-Digestion Conditions.” Science of The Total Environment 759: 143523. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143523.
  • Liew, Z. K., Y. J. Chan, Z. T. Ho, Y. H. Yip, M. C. Teng, A. I. T. Ameer Abbas bin, S. Chong, P. L. Show, and C. L. Chew. 2021. “Biogas Production Enhancement by Co-Digestion of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) with Palm oil Mill Effluent (POME): Performance and Kinetic Evaluation.” Renewable Energy 179: 766–777. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.07.073.
  • Lim, S. H., and D. Ibrahim. 2013. “Bioconversion of oil Palm Frond by Aspergillus niger to Enhances It’s Fermentable Sugar Production.” Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 16 (18): 920–926.
  • Lin, L., F. Xu, X. Ge, and Y. Li. 2018. “Improving the Sustainability of Organic Waste Management Practices in the Food-Energy-Water Nexus: A Comparative Review of Anaerobic Digestion and Composting.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 89: 151–167. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.025.
  • Loh, S. K. 2017. “The Potential of the Malaysian oil Palm Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source.” Energy Conversion and Management 141: 285–298. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.08.081.
  • Lopes, A. D. M., E. Ferreira Filho, and L. Moreira. 2018. “An Update on Enzymatic Cocktails for Lignocellulose Breakdown.” Journal of Applied Microbiology 125 (3): 632–645. doi:10.1111/jam.13923.
  • Lu, X., N. Li, X. Qiao, Z. Qiu, and P. Liu. 2018. “Effects of Thermal Treatment on Polysaccharide Degradation During Black Garlic Processing.” LWT 95: 223–229. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.059.
  • Lü, J., C. Sheahan, and P. Fu. 2011. “Metabolic Engineering of Algae for Fourth Generation Biofuels Production.” Energy & Environmental Science 4 (7): 2451–2466. doi:10.1039/C0EE00593B.
  • Ma, Z., J. Wang, C. Li, Y. Yang, X. Liu, C. Zhao, and D. Chen. 2019. “New Sight on the Lignin Torrefaction Pretreatment: Relevance Between the Evolution of Chemical Structure and the Properties of Torrefied Gaseous, Liquid, and Solid Products.” Bioresource Technology 288: 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121528.
  • Mahdy, A., L. Mendez, M. Ballesteros, and C. González-Fernández. 2015. “Protease Pretreated Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Bioconversion to Methane via Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion.” Fuel 158: 35–41. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.04.052.
  • Majesty, K., and H. Herdiansyah. 2019. The Empty Palm oil Fruit Bunch as the Potential Source of Biomass in Furfural Production in Indonesia: Preliminary Process Design and Environmental Perspective, 012096–012096. Bristol: IOP Publishing.
  • Mamimin, C., S. Chanthong, C. Leamdum, S. O-Thong, and P. Prasertsan. 2021. “Improvement of Empty Palm Fruit Bunches Biodegradability and Biogas Production by Integrating the Straw Mushroom Cultivation as a Pretreatment in the Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion.” Bioresource Technology 319: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124227.
  • Mao, C., Y. Feng, X. Wang, and G. Ren. 2015. “Review on Research Achievements of Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 45: 540–555. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.032.
  • Mardawati, E., B. M. Harahap, E. A. Febrianti, A. T. Hartono, N. P. Siahaan, A. Wulandari, S. Yudiastuti, S. Suhartini, and K. Kasbawati. 2022. “Integrated and Partial Process of Xylitol and Bioethanol Production from oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches.” Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) 5 (1): 68–76. doi:10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.5.
  • Mardawati, E., N. Maharani, D. W. Wira, B. M. Harahap, T. Yuliana, and E. Sukarminah. 2018. “Xylitol Production from oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) via Simultaneous Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation Process.” Journal of Industrial and Information Technology in Agriculture 2 (1): 29–34. doi:10.24198/jiita.v2i1.
  • Mardawati, E., A. V. Putri, T. Yuliana, S. Rahimah, S. Nurjanah, and I. Hanidah. 2019. “Effects of Substrate Concentration on Bioethanol Production from oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches with Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF).” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 230: 1–9. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/230/1/012079.
  • Mardawati, E., A. Trirakhmadi, M. Kresnowati, and T. Setiadi. 2017. “Kinetic Study on Fermentation of Xylose for the Xylitol Production.” Journal of Industrial and Information Technology in Agriculture 1 (1): 1–8. doi:10.24198/jiita.v1i1.
  • Mardawati, E., A. Werner, T. Bley, M. T. A. P. Kresnowati, and T. Setiadi. 2014. “The Enzymatic Hydrolysis of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches to Xylose.” Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 93 (10): 973–978. doi:10.3775/jie.93.973.
  • Marendra, F., A. Prasetya, R. B. Cahyono, and T. Ariyanto. 2019. “A Sustainability Assessment of Biogas Plant Based on Fruit Waste in Indonesia: Case Study of Biogas Plant Gamping, Yogyakarta.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 543, 1–8. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/543/1/012059.
  • Martínez-Gutiérrez, E. 2018. “Biogas Production from Different Lignocellulosic Biomass Sources: Advances and Perspectives.” 3 Biotech 8 (5): 1–8. doi:10.1007/s13205-018-1257-4.
  • Maryana, R., E. Triwahyuni, T. B. Bardant, Y. Irawan, and Y. Sudiyani. 2021. Potency and Challenges in the Commercialization of Bioethanol First and Second Generation in Indonesia. Proceedings The SATREPS Conference, 79–84.
  • Mata-Alvarez, J., J. Dosta, M. S. Romero-Güiza, X. Fonoll, M. Peces, and S. Astals. 2014. “A Critical Review on Anaerobic co-Digestion Achievements Between 2010 and 2013.” Renewable Sustainable Energy Review 36: 412–427.
  • Mayulu, H. 2014. “The Nutrient Digestibility of Locally Sheep fed with Amofer Palm oil Byproduct-Based Complete Feed.” International Journal of Science and Engineering 7 (2): 106–112. doi:10.12777/ijse.7.1.106-111.
  • Md Razali, N., M. Ibrahim, E. Kamal Bahrin, and S. Abd-Aziz. 2018. “Optimisation of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) for Biobutanol Production Using Pretreated oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch.” Molecules 23 (1944): 1–17. doi:10.3390/molecules23081944.
  • Mehta, V., J. K. Gupta, and S. C. Kaushal. 1990. “Cultivation of Pleurotus Florida Mushroom on Rice Straw and Biogas Production from the Spent Straw.” World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 6 (4): 366–370. doi:10.1007/bf01202116.
  • Meijaard, E., T. M. Brooks, K. M. Carlson, E. M. Slade, J. Garcia-Ulloa, D. L. A. Gaveau, J. S. H. Lee, et al. 2020. “The Environmental Impacts of Palm oil in Context.” Nature Plants 6 (12): 1418–1426. doi:10.1038/s41477-020-00813-w.
  • Menardo, S., P. Balsari, E. Tabacco, and G. Borreani. 2015. “Effect of Conservation Time and the Addition of Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Biogas and Methane Production of Corn Stalk Silage.” BioEnergy Research 8 (4): 1810–1823. doi:10.1007/s12155-015-9637-7.
  • Mendieta, O., L. Castro, E. Vera, J. Rodríguez, and H. Escalante. 2021. “Toward the Adoption of Anaerobic Digestion Technology Through low-Cost Biodigesters: A Case Study of Non-Centrifugal Cane Sugar Producers in Colombia.” Water 13 (18): 1–16. doi:10.3390/w13182566.
  • Milledge, J. J., and P. J. Harvey. 2016. “Ensilage and Anaerobic Digestion of Sargassum muticum.” Journal of Applied Phycology 28 (5): 3021–3030. doi:10.1007/s10811-016-0804-9.
  • Ming, C., A. Dilokpimol, C. Zou, W. Liao, L. Zhao, M. Wang, R. P. de Vries, and Y. Kang. 2019. “The Quest for Fungal Strains and Their Co-Culture Potential to Improve Enzymatic Degradation of Chinese Distillers’ Grain and Other Agricultural Wastes.” International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 144: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2019.104765.
  • MEMR (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources). 2019. Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics of Indonesia. Jakarta: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.
  • Mishra, S., P. K. Singh, S. Dash, and R. Pattnaik. 2018. “Microbial Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Enhanced Biomethanation and Waste Management.” 3 Biotech 8 (458): 1–12. doi:10.1007/s13205-018-1480-z.
  • Mmanywa, M. S., and A. M. Mshandete. 2017. “Co-production of Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff.) S. Gray. s. Lato Mushrooms and Biogas from Palm oil Wastes in Tanzania.” Biotechnology Journal International 17 (3): 1–13. doi:10.9734/BJI/2017/30479.
  • Mohanan, K., R. R. Ratnayake, K. Mathaniga, C. L. Abayasekara, and N. Gnanavelrajah. 2014. “Effect of Co-Culturing of Cellulolytic Fungal Isolates for Degradation of Lignocellulosic Material.” Journal of Yeast and Fungal Research 5 (3): 31–38. doi:10.5897/JYFR2014.0134.
  • Mohd-Setapar, S. H., N. Abd-Talib, and R. Aziz. 2012. “Review on Crucial Parameters of Silage Quality.” APCBEE Procedia 3: 99–103. doi:10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.06.053.
  • Montoya-Rosales, J. J., M. Peces, L. M. González-Rodríguez, F. Alatriste-Mondragón, and D. K. Villa-Gómez. 2020. “A Broad Overview Comparing a Fungal, Thermal and Acid pre-Treatment of Bean Straw in Terms of Substrate and Anaerobic Digestion Effect.” Biomass and Bioenergy 142: 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105775.
  • Moravvej, Z., M. A. Makarem, and M. R. Rahimpour. 2019. “Chapter 20 - The Fourth Generation of Biofuel.” In Second and Third Generation of Feedstocks: The Evolution of Biofuels, edited by A. Basile and F. Dalena, 557–597. Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Muck, R. E. 2012. Microbiology of Ensiling. 16th International Silage Conference Proceeding, 2012, Finland. Hameenlinna, 75–86.
  • Munawar, S. S., and B. Subiyanto. 2014. “Characterization of Biomass Pellet Made from Solid Waste oil Palm Industry.” Procedia Environmental Sciences 20: 336–341. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.042.
  • Mustafa, A. M., T. G. Poulsen, and K. Sheng. 2016. “Fungal Pretreatment of Rice Straw with Pleurotus ostreatus and Trichoderma reesei to Enhance Methane Production Under Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion.” Applied Energy 180: 661–671. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.135.
  • Muthangya, M., A. Manoni Mshandete, and A. Kajumulo Kivaisi. 2009. “Two-stage Fungal Pre-Treatment for Improved Biogas Production from Sisal Leaf Decortication Residues.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 10 (11): 4805–4815. doi:10.3390/ijms10114805.
  • Neves, L., R. Oliveira, and M. M. Alves. 2004. “Influence of Inoculum Activity on the Bio-Methanization of a Kitchen Waste Under Different Waste/Inoculum Ratios.” Process Biochemistry 39 (12): 2019–2024. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2003.10.002.
  • Nguyen, X. P., N. D. Le, V. V. Pham, T. T. Huynh, V. H. Dong, and A. T. Hoang. 2021b. “Mission, Challenges, and Prospects of Renewable Energy Development in Vietnam.” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 1–13. doi:10.1080/15567036.2021.1965264.
  • Nguyen, H. P., P. Q. H. Le, V. V. Pham, X. P. Nguyen, D. Balasubramaniam, and A.-T. Hoang. 2021a. “Application of the Internet of Things in 3E (Efficiency, Economy, and Environment) Factor-Based Energy Management as Smart and Sustainable Strategy.” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 1–23. doi:10.1080/15567036.2021.1954110.
  • Nieves, D. C., K. Karimi, and I. S. Horváth. 2011. “Improvement of Biogas Production from oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB).” Industrial Crops and Products 34: 1097–1101. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.03.022.
  • Nolan, P., E. M. Doyle, J. Grant, and P. O’Kiely. 2018. “Upgrading Grass Biomass During Ensiling with Contrasting Fibrolytic Enzyme Additives for Enhanced Methane Production.” Renewable Energy 115: 462–473. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.07.039.
  • Norrahim, M. N. F., M. A. A. Farid, A. A. Lawal, T. A. T. Yasim-Anuar, M. H. Samsudin, and A. A. Zulkifli. 2022. “Emerging Technologies for Value-Added use of oil Palm Biomass.” Environmental Sciences Advances 1: 259–275. doi:10.1039/d2va00029f.
  • Nurdiawati, A., S. Novianti, I. N. Zaini, B. Nakhshinieva, H. Sumida, F. Takahashi, and K. Yoshikawa. 2015. “Evaluation of Hydrothermal Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch for Solid Fuel and Liquid Organic Fertilizer Co-Production.” Energy Procedia 79: 226–232. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.469.
  • Nurika, I., E. N. Shabrina, N. Azizah, S. Suhartini, T. D. H. Bugg, and G. C. Barker. 2022. “Application of Ligninolytic Bacteria to the Enhancement of Lignocellulose Breakdown and Methane Production from oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB).” Bioresource Technology Reports 17 (100951): 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2022.100951.
  • Nurliyana, M. Y., P. S. H’ng, H. Rasmina, M. S. U. Kalsom, K. L. Chin, S. H. Lee, W. C. Lum, and G. D. Khoo. 2015. “Effect of C/N Ratio in Methane Productivity and Biodegradability During Facultative Co-Digestion of Palm oil Mill Effluent and Empty Fruit Bunch.” Industrial Crops and Products 76: 409–415. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.04.047.
  • Nuryadi, A. P., T. B. Pratomo, and A. A. Raksodewanto. 2019. Analysis of the Feasibility of Small-Biomass Power Generation from the Palm oil Mill–Study Case: Palm oil Mill in Riau-Indonesia, 012018–012018. Bristol: IOP Publishing.
  • Nutongkaew, T., P. Prasertsan, C. Leamdum, S. Sattayasamitsathit, and P. Noparat. 2019. “Bioconversion of oil Palm Trunk Residues Hydrolyzed by Enzymes from Newly Isolated Fungi and use for Ethanol and Acetic Acid Production Under two-Stage and Simultaneous Fermentation.” Waste and Biomass Valorization, 1–15. doi:10.1007/s12649-019-00678-x.
  • Nyakuma, B., A. Johari, and A. Ahmad. 2012. “Analysis of the Pyrolytic Fuel Properties of Empty Fruit Bunch Briquettes.” Journal of Applied Sciences 12 (24): 2527–2533.
  • Nyakuma, B. B., S. Wong, and O. Oladokun. 2021. “Non-oxidative Thermal Decomposition of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Pellets: Fuel Characterisation, Thermogravimetric, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Analyses.” Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 11 (4): 1273–1292. doi:10.1007/s13399-019-00568-1.
  • O-Thong, S., K. Boe, and I. Angelidaki. 2012. “Thermophilic Anaerobic co-Digestion of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches with Palm oil Mill Effluent for Efficient Biogas Production.” Applied Energy 93: 648–654.
  • Ohimain, E. I., and S. C. Izah. 2017. “A Review of Biogas Production from Palm oil Mill Effluents Using Different Configurations of Bioreactors.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 70: 242–253. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.221.
  • Oktavitri, N. I., W. B. Pratiwi, I. Purnamasari, M. Hayati, M. R. Fitrianingtyas, and S. Hadinnata. 2019. “Anaerobic Digestion of Slaughterhouse Wastewater: CO2 capture of Biogas Using Chlorella vulgaris.” Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19 (1): 1–8. doi:10.22146/ijc.25129.
  • Olatunji, K. O., N. A. Ahmed, and O. Ogunkunle. 2021. “Optimization of Biogas Yield from Lignocellulosic Materials with Different Pretreatment Methods: A Review.” Biotechnology for Biofuels 14 (159): 1–34. doi:10.1186/s13068-021-02012-x.
  • Oliva-Merencio, D., I. Pereda-Reyes, U. Schimpf, S. Koehler, and A. J. D. Silva. 2015. “Cellulase Effect on Anaerobic Digestion of Maize Silage Under Discontinuous Operation.” Engenharia Agrícola 35 (5): 951–958. doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v35n5p951-958/2015.
  • Omar, F. N., H. S. Hafid, A. S. Baharuddin, M. A. P. Mohammed, and J. Abdullah. 2017. “Oil Palm Fiber Biodegradation: Physico-Chemical and Structural Relationships.” Planta 246: 567–577. doi:10.1007/s00425-017-2717-5.
  • Pacheco, P., S. Gynch, A. Dermawan, H. Komarudin, and B. Okarda. 2017. The Palm oil Global Value Chain: Implication for Economic Growth and Social and Environmental Sustainability. Bogor: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
  • Pangsang, N., U. Rattanapan, A. Thanapimmetha, P. Srinopphakhun, C. G. Liu, X. Q. Zhao, F. W. Bai, and C. Sakdaronnarong. 2019. “Chemical-free Fractionation of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Palm Fiber by hot-Compressed Water Technique for Ethanol Production.” Energy Reports 93: 337–348. doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2019.02.008.
  • Panichnumsin, P., A. Nopharatana, B. Ahring, and P. Chaiprasert. 2010. “Production of Methane by co-Digestion of Cassava Pulp with Various Concentrations of pig Manure.” Biomass and Bioenergy 34 (8): 1117–1124. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.02.018.
  • Parbowo, H. S., A. Ardy, and H. Susanto. 2019. Techno-economic Analysis of Dimethyl Ether Production Using oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches as Feedstock–a Case Study for Riau, 012060–012060. Bristol: IOP Publishing.
  • Pastor, L., L. Ruiz, A. Pascual, and B. Ruiz. 2013. “Co-digestion of Used Oils and Urban Landfill Leachates with Sewage Sludge and the Effect on the Biogas Production.” Applied Energy 107: 438–445. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.02.055.
  • Pérez-Chávez, A. M., L. Mayer, and E. Albertó. 2019. “Mushroom Cultivation and Biogas Production: A Sustainable Reuse of Organic Resources.” Energy for Sustainable Development 50: 50–60. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2019.03.002.
  • Piñeros-Castro, Y., and M. Velásquez-Lozano. 2014. “Biodegradation Kinetics of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by White rot Fungi.” International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 91: 24–28.
  • Poszytek, K., M. Ciezkowska, A. Sklodowska, and L. Drewniak. 2016. “Microbial Consortium with High Cellulolytic Activity (MCHCA) for Enhanced Biogas Production.” Frontiers in Microbiology 7 (324): 1–11. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00324.
  • Pramudya, E. P., O. Hospes, and C. J. A. M. Termeer. 2017. “Governing the Palm-Oil Sector Through Finance: The Changing Roles of the Indonesian State.” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 53 (1): 57–82. doi:10.1080/00074918.2016.1228829.
  • Prasad, R. K., S. Chatterjee, P. B. Mazumder, S. K. Gupta, S. Sharma, M. G. Vairale, S. Datta, S. K. Dwivedi, and D. K. Gupta. 2019. “Bioethanol Production from Waste Lignocelluloses: A Review on Microbial Degradation Potential.” Chemosphere 231: 588–606. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.142.
  • Priadi, C., D. Wulandari, I. Rahmatika, and S. S. Moersidik. 2014. “Biogas Production in the Anaerobic Digestion of Paper Sludge.” APCBEE Procedia 9: 65–69. doi:10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.01.012.
  • Purnomo, H., B. Okarda, A. Dermawan, Q. P. Ilham, P. Pacheco, F. Nurfatriani, and E. Suhendang. 2020. “Reconciling oil Palm Economic Development and Environmental Conservation in Indonesia: A Value Chain Dynamic Approach.” Forest Policy and Economics 111: 1-12. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102089.
  • Purnomo, A., M. Suprihatin, and U. Hasanudin. 2018. “Comparison of Biogas Production from oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches of Post-Mushroom Cultivation Media (EFBMM) from Semi wet and dry Fermentation.” Journal of Environmental & Earth Science. 8 (6): 88–96.
  • Purwandari, F. A., A. P. Sanjaya, R. Millati, M. N. Cahyanto, I. S. Horváth, C. Niklasson, and M. J. Taherzadeh. 2013. “Pretreatment of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) by N-Methylmorpholine-N-Oxide (NMMO) for Biogas Production: Structural Changes and Digestion Improvement.” Bioresource Technology 128: 461–466. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.088.
  • Purwono, B. S. A., and Rahbini Suyanta. 2013. “Biogas Digester as an Alternative Energy Strategy in the Marginal Villages in Indonesia.” Energy Procedia 32: 136–144.
  • Quiñones, T. S., M. Plöchl, J. Budde, and M. Heiermann. 2011. “Enhanced Methane Formation Through Application of Enzymes: Results from Continuous Digestion Tests.” Energy & Fuels 25 (11): 5378–5386.
  • Rabii, A., S. Aldin, Y. Dahman, and E. Elbeshbishy. 2019. “A Rreview on Anaerobic co-Digestion with a Focus on the Microbial Populations and the Effect of Multi-Stage Digester Configuration.” Energies 12: 6. doi:10.3390/en12061106.
  • Rahmi, M., B. Taufiq, R. Indah, K. Syahputri, M. Mangara, and A. Wandika. 2019. Economic Feasibility Analysis of Hydrogen Production from raw Materials of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, 012052–012052. Bristol: IOP Publishing.
  • Ramlee, N. A., M. Jawaid, S. A. K. Yamani, E. S. Zainudin, and S. Alamery. 2021a. “Effect of Surface Treatment on Mechanical, Physical and Morphological Properties of oil Palm/Bagasse Fiber Reinforced Phenolic Hybrid Composites for Wall Thermal Insulation Application.” Construction and Building Materials 276: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122239.
  • Ramlee, N. A., J. Naveen, and M. Jawaid. 2021b. “Potential of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) and Sugarcane Bagasse Fibers for Thermal Insulation Application – A Review.” Construction and Building Materials 271: 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121519.
  • Rasapoor, M., B. Young, R. Brar, A. Sarmah, W. Q. Zhuang, and S. Baroutian. 2020. “Recognizing the Challenges of Anaerobic Digestion: Critical Steps Toward Improving Biogas Generation.” Fuel 261: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116497.
  • Ravindran, R., and A. K. Jaiswal. 2016. “A Comprehensive Review on Pre-Treatment Strategy for Lignocellulosic Food Industry Waste: Challenges and Opportunities.” Bioresource Technology 199: 92–102. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.106.
  • Rekleitis, G., K.-J. Haralambous, M. Loizidou, and K. Aravossis. 2020. “Utilization of Agricultural and Livestock Waste in Anaerobic Digestion (A.D): Applying the Biorefinery Concept in a Circular Economy.” Energies 13 (17): 1–14. doi:10.3390/en13174428.
  • Richard, E. N., A. Hilonga, R. L. Machunda, and K. N. Njau. 2020. “Two-Stage Banana Leaves Wastes Utilization Towards Mushroom Growth and Biogas Production.” 3 Biotech 10 (542): 1–12. doi:10.1007/s13205-020-02525-6.
  • Rincón, B., C. J. Banks, and S. Heaven. 2010. “Biochemical Methane Potential of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Influence of Growth Stage and Storage Practice.” Bioresource Technology 101 (21): 8179–8184. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.039.
  • Rincón, B., S. Heaven, C. J. Banks, and Y. Zhang. 2012. “Anaerobic Digestion of Whole-Crop Winter Wheat Silage for Renewable Energy Production.” Energy & Fuels 26 (4): 2357–2364. doi:10.1021/ef201985x.
  • Risdianto, H., T. Kardiansyah, and A. Sugiharto. 2016. “Empty Fruit Bunches for Pulp and Paper Production: The Current State in Indonesia.” Journal of Korea TAPPI 48 (6): 25–31. doi:10.7584/JKTAPPI.2016.12.48.6.25.
  • Rizal, N. F. A. A., M. F. Ibrahim, M. R. Zakaria, S. Abd-Aziz, P. L. Yee, and M. A. Hassan. 2018. “Pre-Treatment of oil Palm Biomass for Fermentable Sugars Production.” Molecules 23 (1381): 1–14. doi:10.3390/molecules23061381.
  • Rocamora, I., S. T. Wagland, R. Villa, E. W. Simpson, O. Fernández, and Y. Bajón-Fernández. 2020. “Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste: A Review of Operational Parameters and Their Impact on Process Performance.” Bioresource Technology 299: 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122681.
  • Rohma, N. A., S. Suhartini, and I. Nurika. 2021. “Chemical Pre-Treatments on oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches: Impacts on Characteristics and Methane Potential.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 924 (012071): 1–11. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/924/1/012071.
  • Rollini, M., C. Sambusiti, A. Musatti, E. Ficara, I. Retinò, and F. Malpei. 2014. “Comparative Performance of Enzymatic and Combined Alkaline-Enzymatic Pretreatments on Methane Production from Ensiled Sorghum Forage.” Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 37 (12): 2587–2595. doi:10.1007/s00449-014-1235-0.
  • Rosado, F. R., C. Kemmelmeier, and S. M. Da Costa. 2002. “Alternative Method of Inoculum and Spawn Production for the Cultivation of the Edible Brazilian Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatoroseus SING.” Journal of Basic Microbiology 42 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1002/1521-4028(200203)42:137::Aid-jobm37>3.0.Co;2-s.
  • Rouches, E., R. Escudié, E. Latrille, and H. Carrère. 2019. “Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion of Wheat Straw: Impact of S/I Ratio and Pilot-Scale Fungal Pretreatment.” Waste Management 85: 464–476. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.01.006.
  • Rouches, E., I. Herpoël-Gimbert, J. P. Steyer, and H. Carrere. 2016. “Improvement of Anaerobic Degradation by White-rot Fungi Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 59: 179–198. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.317.
  • Saelor, S., P. Kongjan, and S. O-Thong. 2017. “Biogas Production from Anaerobic co-Digestion of Palm oil Mill Effluent and Empty Fruit Bunches.” Energy Procedia 138: 717–722. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.206.
  • Saha, B. C., N. Qureshi, G. J. Kennedy, and M. A. Cotta. 2016. “Biological Pretreatment of Corn Stover with White-Rot Fungus for Improved Enzymatic Hydrolysis.” International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 109: 29–35. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.12.020.
  • Saidu, M., A. Yuzir, M. R. Salim, Salmiati, S. Azman, and N. Abdullah. 2014. “Biological pre-Treated oil Palm Mesocarp Fibre with Cattle Manure for Biogas Production by Anaerobic Digestion During Acclimatization Phase.” International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 95: 189–194. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.06.014.
  • Saini, S., and K. K. Sharma. 2021. “Fungal Lignocellulolytic Enzymes and Lignocellulose: A Critical Review on Their Contribution to Multiproduct Biorefinery and Global Biofuel Research.” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 193: 2304–2319. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.063.
  • Salafudin, R. H. Setyobudi, S. K. Wahono, A. Nindita, P. G. Adinurani, Y. A. Nugroho, A. Sasmito, and T. Liwang. 2015. “Biological Purification System: Integrated Biogas from Small Anaerobic Digestion and Natural Microalgae.” Procedia Chemistry 14: 387–393. doi:10.1016/j.proche.2015.03.069.
  • Salihu, A., and M. Z. Alam. 2016. “Pretreatment Methods of Organic Wastes for Biogas Production.” Journal of Applied Sciences 16 (3): 124–137. doi:10.3923/jas.2016.124.137.
  • Sambusiti, C., E. Ficara, F. Malpei, J. P. Steyer, and H. Carrère. 2013a. “Benefit of Sodium Hydroxide Pretreatment of Ensiled Sorghum Forage on the Anaerobic Reactor Stability and Methane Production.” Bioresource Technology 144: 149–155. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.095.
  • Sambusiti, C., F. Monlau, E. Ficara, H. Carrère, and F. Malpei. 2013b. “A Comparison of Different pre-Treatments to Increase Methane Production from two Agricultural Substrates.” Applied Energy 104: 62–70. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.060.
  • Santi, L. P., D. N. Kalbuadi, and D. H. Goenadi. 2019. “Empty Fruit Bunches as Potential Source for Biosilica Fertilizer for oil Palm.” Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 4 (3): 90–96. doi:10.22146/jtbb.38749.
  • Saritpongteeraka, K., S. Chaiprapat, P. Boonsawang, and S. Sung. 2015. “Solid State co-Fermentation as Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Organic Acid Recovery and Fiber Property Improvement.” International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 100: 172–180. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.03.001.
  • Sawatdeenarunat, C., K. C. Surendra, D. Takara, H. Oechsner, and S. K. Khanal. 2015. “Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Challenges and Opportunities.” Bioresource Technology 178: 178–186. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.103.
  • Sayara, T., and A. Sánchez. 2019. “A Review on Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Wastes: Pretreatments and Operational Conditions.” Applied Sciences 9 (21): 1–23. doi:10.3390/app9214655.
  • Schroyen, M., H. Vervaeren, S. W. H. Van Hulle, and K. Raes. 2014. “Impact of Enzymatic Pretreatment on Corn Stover Degradation and Biogas Production.” Bioresource Technology 173: 59–66. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.030.
  • Schroyen, M., H. Vervaeren, H. Vandepitte, S. W. H. Van Hulle, and K. Raes. 2015. “Effect of Enzymatic Pretreatment of Various Lignocellulosic Substrates on Production of Phenolic Compounds and Biomethane Potential.” Bioresource Technology 192: 696–702. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.051.
  • Shah, T. A., C. C. Lee, W. J. Orts, and R. Tabassum. 2019. “Biological Pretreatment of Rice Straw by Ligninolytic Bacillus sp. Strains for Enhancing Biogas Production.” Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 38 (3): e13036. doi:10.1002/ep.13036.
  • Shahbandeh, M. 2020. Production Volume of Palm oil Worldwide from 2012/2013 to 2019/2020.
  • Shahbandeh, M. 2021. Palm oil: Global Production Volume 2012/13-2020/21.
  • Shahriarinour, M., M. N. A. Wahab, A. B. Ariff, S. Mustafa, and R. Mohamad. 2011. “Effect of Various Pretreatments of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibres for Subsequent use as Substrate on the Performance of Cellulase Production by Aspergillus terreus.” BioResources 6 (1): 291–307.
  • Show, K.-Y., Y. Yan, and D.-J. Lee. 2019. “Chapter 16 - Bioreactor and Bioprocess Design for Biohydrogen Production.” In Biohydrogen - Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals, edited by A. Pandey, S. V. Mohan, J.-S. Chang, P. C. Hallenbecka, and C. Larroche, 2nd ed, 391–411. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Shrestha, S., X. Fonoll, S. K. Khanal, and L. Raskin. 2017. “Biological Strategies for Enhanced Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass During Anaerobic Digestion: Current Status and Future Perspectives.” Bioresource Technology 245: 1245–1257. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.089.
  • Sieborg, M. U., B. D. Jønson, S. U. Larsen, A. H. Vazifehkhoran, and J. M. Triolo. 2020. “Co-ensiling of Wheat Straw as an Alternative Pre-Treatment to Chemical, Hydrothermal and Mechanical Methods for Methane Production.” Energies 13 (4047): 1–19. doi:10.3390/en13164047.
  • Sindhu, R., P. Binod, and A. Pandey. 2016. “Biological Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass – An Overview.” Bioresource Technology 199: 76–82. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.030.
  • Sitorus, B., and S. D. Panjaitan. 2013. “Biogas Recovery from Anaerobic Digestion Process of Mixed Fruit-Vegetable Wastes.” Energy Procedia 32: 176–182. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.023.
  • Speece, R. E. 2008. Anaerobic Biotechnology and Odor/Corrosion Control for Municipalities and Industries. Nashville: Archae Press.
  • Sperandio, G. B., and E. X. Ferreira Filho. 2019. “Fungal Co-Cultures in the Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Context: A Review.” International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 142: 109–123. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2019.05.014.
  • Srasri, S., N. Bhudsarakam, P. Limsutthiphong, T. Ratanapitag, and A. Julsereewong. 2022. “Design of Step Grate Firing by Utilizing Palm Empty-Fruit-Bunch Fuel for Industrial Steam Boiler Construction.” Energy Reports 8: 275–282. doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2021.11.142.
  • Stamatelatou, K., G. Antonopoulou, and P. Michailides. 2014. “15 - Biomethane and Biohydrogen Production via Anaerobic Digestion/Fermentation.” In Advances in Biorefineries: Biomass and Waste Supply Chain Exploitation,, edited by K. Waldron, 476–524. London: Woodhead Publishing.
  • Stanley, J. T., A. Thanarasu, P. S. Kumar, K. Periyasamy, S. Raghunandhakumar, P. Periyaraman, K. Devaraj, A. Dhanasekaran, and S. Subramanian. 2022. “Potential Pre-Treatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for the Enhancement of Biomethane Production Through Anaerobic Digestion- A Review.” Fuel 318: 1–19. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123593.
  • Statistica Research Department. 2021. Production Volume of Palm Oil in Indonesia 2012-2020.
  • Sudirman, L. I., A. Sutrisna, S. Listiyowati, L. Fadli, and B. Tarigan. 2011. The Potency of oil Palm Plantation Wastes for Mushroom Production. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom products. Citeseer, 383–389.
  • Sudiyani, Y., and E. Hermiati. 2010. “Utilization of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) for Bioethanol Production Through Alkali and Dilute Acid Pretreatment and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation.” Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 10 (2): 261–267. doi:10.22146/ijc.21471.
  • Sudiyani, Y., D. Styarini, E. Triwahyuni, Sudiyarmanto, K. C. Sembiring, Y. Aristiawan, H. Abimanyu, and M. H. Han. 2013. “Utilization of Biomass Waste Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber of Palm oil for Bioethanol Production Using Pilot–Scale Unit.” Energy Procedia 32: 31–38. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.005.
  • Suhartini, S., S. Heaven, and C. J. Banks. 2014. “Comparison of Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Sugar Beet Pulp: Performance, Dewaterability and Foam Control.” Bioresource Technology 152: 202–211. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.010.
  • Suhartini, S., N. Hidayat, and I. Nurika. 2020. “Evaluation of Biogas Potential from Empty Fruit oil Palm Bunches.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 443 (012013): 1–10. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/443/1/012013.
  • Suhartini, S., S. H. Indah, F. A. Rahman, N. A. Rohma, N. L. Rahmah, I. Nurika, N. Hidayat, and L. Melville. 2022a. “Enhancing Anaerobic Digestion of Wild Seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa by Co-Digestion with Tofu Dregs and Washing Pre-Treatment.” Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 1–23. doi:10.1007/s13399-022-02507-z.
  • Suhartini, S., Y. P. Lestari, and I. Nurika. 2019. “Estimation of Methane and Electricity Potential from Canteen Food Waste.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 230: 1–6.
  • Suhartini, S., I. Nurika, R. Paul, and L. Melville. 2021. “Estimation of Biogas Production and the Emission Savings from Anaerobic Digestion of Fruit-Based Agro-Industrial Waste and Agricultural Crops Residues.” BioEnergy Research 14 (3): 844–859. doi:10.1007/s12155-020-10209-5.
  • Suhartini, S., N. A. Rohma, Elviliana, I. Santoso, R. Paul, P. Listiningrum, and L. Melville. 2022b. “Food Waste to Bioenergy: Current Status and Role in Future Circular Economies in Indonesia.” Energy, Ecology and Environment 7 (4): 297–339. doi:10.1007/s40974-022-00248-3.
  • Suhartini, S., N. A. Rohma, E. Mardawati, Kasbawati, N. Hidayat, and L. Melville. 2022c. “Biorefining of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Bioethanol and Xylitol Production in Indonesia: A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 154: 1–25. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111817.
  • Sukiran, M. A., F. Abnisa, W. M. A. Wan Daud, N. Abu Bakar, and S. K. Loh. 2017. “A Review of Torrefaction of oil Palm Solid Wastes for Biofuel Production.” Energy Conversion and Management 149: 101–120. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2017.07.011.
  • Suksong, W., A. Jehlee, A. Singkhala, P. Kongjan, P. Prasertsan, T. Imai, and S. O-Thong. 2017a. “Thermophilic Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste Residues from Palm oil Mill Industry for Biogas Production.” Industrial Crops and Products 95: 502–511. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.002.
  • Suksong, W., P. Kongjan, P. Prasertsan, T. Imai, and S. O-Thong. 2016. “Optimization and Microbial Community Analysis for Production of Biogas from Solid Waste Residues of Palm oil Mill Industry by Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion.” Bioresource Technology 214: 166–174. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.077.
  • Suksong, W., P. Kongjan, P. Prasertsan, and S. O-Thong. 2019a. “Thermotolerant Cellulolytic Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae Rich Consortium Enhanced Biogas Production from oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion.” Bioresource Technology 291: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121851.
  • Suksong, W., C. Mamimin, P. Prasertsan, P. Kongjan, and S. O-Thong. 2019b. “Effect of Inoculum Types and Microbial Community on Thermophilic and Mesophilic Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion of Empty Fruit Bunches for Biogas Production.” Industrial Crops and Products 133: 193–202. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.03.005.
  • Suksong, W., K. Promnuan, J. Seengenyoung, and S. O-Thong. 2017b. “Anaerobic co-Digestion of Palm oil Mill Waste Residues with Sewage Sludge for Biogas Production.” Energy Procedia 138: 789–794. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.068.
  • Suksong, W., W. Tukanghan, K. Promnuan, P. Kongjan, A. Reungsang, H. Insam, and S. O-Thong. 2020a. “Biogas Production from Palm oil Mill Effluent and Empty Fruit Bunches by Coupled Liquid and Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion.” Bioresource Technology 296: 122304. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122304.
  • Suksong, W., N. Wongfaed, B. Sangsri, P. Kongjan, P. Prasertsan, S. M. Podmirseg, H. Insam, and S. O-Thong. 2020b. “Enhanced Solid-State Biomethanisation of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Following Fungal Pretreatment.” Industrial Crops and Products 145: 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112099.
  • Sulfahri, Mushlihah, S., D. R. Husain, A. Langford, and A. C. M. A. R. Tassakka. 2020. “Fungal Pretreatment as a Sustainable and low Cost Option for Bioethanol Production from Marine Algae.” Journal of Cleaner Production 265: 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121763.
  • Suryawanshi, P. C., A. B. Chaudhari, and R. M. Kothari. 2010. “Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion: The Best Option for Waste Treatment.” Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 30 (1): 31–40. doi:10.3109/07388550903330505.
  • Syaichurrozi, I., R. Rusdi, T. Hidayat, and A. Bustomi. 2016. “Kinetics Studies Impact of Initial pH and Addition of Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on Biogas Production from Tofu Wastewater in Indonesia.” International Journal of Engineering 29 (8): 1037–1046. doi:10.5829/idosi.ije.2016.29.08b.02.
  • Taherzadeh, M. J., and K. Karimi. 2008. “Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Wastes to Improve Ethanol and Biogas Production: A Review.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 9 (9): 1621–1651. doi:10.3390/ijms9091621.
  • Tanjore, D., T. L. Richard, and M. N. Marshall. 2012. “Experimental Methods for Laboratory-Scale Ensilage of Lignocellulosic Biomass.” Biomass and Bioenergy 47: 125–133. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.050.
  • Taricska, J. R., D. A. Long, J. P. Chen, Y. T. Hung, and S. W. Zou. 2009. “. Anaerobic Digestion.” In Biological Treatment Processes, Handbook of Environmental Engineering, 8th ed, 589–634, edited by L. K. Wang, N. C. Pereira, and Y. T. Hung. New York: Humana Press.
  • Teh, C., G. Goh, and K. Kamarudin. 2010. “Physical Changes to oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) and EFB mat (Ecomat) During Their Decomposition in the Field.” Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 33 (1): 39–44.
  • Temu, S. G., A. P. Moshi, I. A. Nges, A. M. Mshandete, A. K. Kivaisi, and B. Mattiasson. 2016. “Mixed Palm oil Waste Utilization Through Integrated Mushroom and Biogas Production.” British Biotechnology Journal 11 (4): 1–12. doi:10.9734/BBJ/2016/23385.
  • Teng, S., K. W. Khong, and N. Che Ha. 2020. “Palm oil and its Environmental Impacts: A big Data Analytics Study.” Journal of Cleaner Production 274: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122901.
  • Tepsour, M., N. Usmanbaha, T. Rattanaya, R. Jariyaboon, S. O-Thong, P. Prasertsan, and P. Kongjan. 2019. “Biogas Production from oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Palm oil Decanter Cake Using Solid-State Anaerobic co-Digestion.” Energies 12 (22): 1–14. doi:10.3390/en12224368.
  • Tian, X. F., Z. Fang, and F. Guo. 2012. “Impact and Prospective of Fungal pre-Treatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Enzymatic Hydrolysis.” Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 6 (3): 335–350. doi:10.1002/bbb.346.
  • Triwahyuni, E., H. Abimayu, A. Cahyono, E. T. Cahyono, and Y. Sudiyani. 2015. “Alkaline Delignification of oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Black Liquor from Pretreatment.” Procedia Chemistry 16: 99–105. doi:10.1016/j.proche.2015.12.032.
  • Triyono, S., A. Haryanto, M. Telaumbanua, J. Lumbanraja, and F. To. 2019. “Cultivation of Straw Mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) on oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Growth Medium.” International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 8: 381–392. doi:10.1007/s40093-019-0259-5.
  • Usack, J. G., W. Wiratni, and L. T. Angenent. 2014. “Improved Design of Anaerobic Digesters for Household Biogas Production in Indonesia: One cow, one Digester, and one Hour of Cooking per day.” The Scientific World Journal 2014: 1–9. doi:10.1155/2014/318054.
  • van Beek, T. A., B. Kuster, F. W. Claassen, T. Tienvieri, F. Bertaud, G. Lenon, M. Petit-Conil, and R. Sierra-Alvarez. 2007. “Fungal Bio-Treatment of Spruce Wood with Trametes versicolor for Pitch Control: Influence on Extractive Contents, Pulping Process Parameters, Paper Quality and Effluent Toxicity.” Bioresource Technology 98 (2): 302–311. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.01.008.
  • Van, D. P., T. Fujiwara, B. L. Tho, P. P. S. Toan, and G. H. Minh. 2020. “A Review of Anaerobic Digestion Systems for Biodegradable Waste: Configurations, Operating Parameters, and Current Trends.” Environmental Engineering Research 25 (1): 1–17. doi:10.4491/eer.2018.334.
  • van Heerden, A., N. J. le Roux, J. Swart, T. Rypstra, S. Gardner-Lubbe, and A. Botha. 2011. “Chemical Alterations Induced by Pycnoporus sanguineus/Aspergillus flavipes Co-Cultures in Wood from Different Tree Species.” Wood Science and Technology 45 (2): 237–248. doi:10.1007/s00226-010-0318-6.
  • Vasco-Correa, J., and A. Shah. 2019. “Techno-Economic Bottlenecks of the Fungal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass.” Fermentation 5 (2): 1–23. doi:10.3390/fermentation5020030.
  • Vaskan, P., E. R. Pachón, and E. Gnansounou. 2018. “Techno-Economic and Life-Cycle Assessments of Biorefineries Based on Palm Empty Fruit Bunches in Brazil.” Journal of Cleaner Production 172: 3655–3668. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.218.
  • Vervaeren, H., K. Hostyn, G. Ghekiere, and B. Willems. 2010. “Biological Ensilage Additives as Pretreatment for Maize to Increase the Biogas Production.” Renewable Energy 35 (9): 2089–2093. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2010.02.010.
  • Villa, R., L. Ortega Rodriguez, C. Fenech, and O. C. Anika. 2020. “Ensiling for Anaerobic Digestion: A Review of key Considerations to Maximise Methane Yields.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 134: 110401. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110401.
  • Wagle, A., M. J. Angove, A. Mahara, A. Wagle, B. Mainali, M. Martins, R. Goldbeck, and S. Raj Paudel. 2022. “Multi-Stage Pre-Treatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Multi-Product Biorefinery: A Review.” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 49: 1–20. doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101702.
  • Walter, A., I. H. Franke-Whittle, A. O. Wagner, and H. Insam. 2015. “Methane Yields and Methanogenic Community Changes During Co-Fermentation of Cattle Slurry with Empty Fruit Bunches of oil Palm.” Bioresource Technology 175: 619–623. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.085.
  • Waluyo, J., R. I. F. Anggraini, H. H. Kurniawan, and Y. Sudiyani. 2018. Physical Chemical Characterization of Alkali Pretreatment for oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch, 020072. New York: AIP Publishing.
  • Wan, C., and Y. Li. 2011. “Effectiveness of Microbial Pretreatment by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora on Different Biomass Feedstocks.” Bioresource Technology 102 (16): 7507–7512. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.026.
  • Wan, C., and Y. Li. 2012. “Fungal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass.” Biotechnology Advances 30 (6): 1447–1457. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.003.
  • Wan Mahari, W. A., W. Peng, W. L. Nam, H. Yang, X. Y. Lee, Y. K. Lee, R. K. Liew, et al. 2020. “A Review on Valorization of Oyster Mushroom and Waste Generated in the Mushroom Cultivation Industry.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 400: 123156. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123156.
  • Weide, T., C. D. Baquero, M. Schomaker, E. Brügging, and C. Wetter. 2020. “Effects of Enzyme Addition on Biogas and Methane Yields in the Batch Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Waste (Silage, Straw, and Animal Manure).” Biomass and Bioenergy 132 (105442): 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.105442.
  • Wu, P., L. Li, J. Jiang, Y. Sun, Z. Yuan, X. Feng, and Y. Guo. 2020. “Effects of Fermentative and Non-Fermentative Additives on Silage Quality and Anaerobic Digestion Performance of Pennisetum purpureum.” Bioresource Technology 297: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122425.
  • Xu, Z., P. Lei, R. Zhai, Z. Wen, and M. Jin. 2019. “Recent Advances in Lignin Valorization with Bacterial Cultures: Microorganisms, Metabolic Pathways, and bio-Products.” Biotechnology for Biofuels 12 (32): 1–19. doi:10.1186/s13068-019-1376-0.
  • Yacob, S., Y. Shirai, M. A. Hassan, M. Wakisaka, and S. Subash. 2005. “Baseline Study of Methane Emission from Open Digesting Tank of Palm oil Mill Effluent.” Chemosphere 59: 1575–1781.
  • Yan, L., Y. Gao, Y. Wang, Q. Liu, Z. Sun, B. Fu, X. Wen, Z. Cui, and W. Wang. 2012. “Diversity of a Mesophilic Lignocellulolytic Microbial Consortium Which is Useful for Enhancement of Biogas Production.” Bioresource Technology 111: 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.173.
  • Yang, B., and C. E. Wyman. 2008. “Pretreatment: The key to Unlocking low-Cost Cellulosic Ethanol.” Biofpr- Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 2 (1): 26–40. doi:10.1002/bbb.49.
  • Yetri, Y., A. T. Hoang, Mursida, Muldarisnur, E. Taer, and M. Q. Chau. 2020. “Synthesis of Activated Carbon Monolith Derived from Cocoa Pods for Supercapacitor Electrodes Application.” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 1–15. doi:10.1080/15567036.2020.1811433.
  • Yoo, H. M., S. W. Park, Y. C. Seo, and K. H. Kim. 2019. “Applicability Assessment of Empty Fruit Bunches from Palm oil Mills for use as Bio-Solid Refuse Fuels.” Journal of Environmental Management 234: 1–7.
  • Yunqin, L., W. Dehan, and W. Lishang. 2010. “Biological Pretreatment Enhances Biogas Production in the Anaerobic Digestion of Pulp and Paper Sludge.” Waste Management & Research 28 (9): 800–810. doi:10.1177/0734242X09358734.
  • Zabaniotou, A., and P. Kamaterou. 2019. “Food Waste Valorization Advocating Circular Bioeconomy - A Critical Review of Potentialities and Perspectives of Spent Coffee Grounds Biorefinery.” Journal of Cleaner Production 211: 1553–1566. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.230.
  • Zadrazil, F. 1997. “Changes in in Vitro Digestibility of Wheat Straw During Fungal Growth and After Harvest of Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) on Laboratory and Industrial Scale.” Journal of Applied Animal Research 11 (1): 37–48. doi:10.1080/09712119.1997.9706159.
  • Zhang, R., H. M. El-Mashad, K. Hartman, F. Wang, G. Liu, C. Choate, and P. Gamble. 2007. “Characterization of Food Waste as Feedstock for Anaerobic Digestion.” Bioresource Technology 98 (4): 929–935. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.039.
  • Zhang, Q., J. He, M. Tian, Z. Mao, L. Tang, J. Zhang, and H. Zhang. 2011. “Enhancement of Methane Production from Cassava Residues by Biological Pretreatment Using a Constructed Microbial Consortium.” Bioresource Technology 102 (19): 8899–8906. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.061.
  • Zhang, Q., J. Hu, and D. J. Lee. 2016. “Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion Processes: Research Updates.” Renewable Energy 98: 108–119. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.029.
  • Zhang, H., Z. Ning, H. Khalid, R. Zhang, G. Liu, and C. Chen. 2018. “Enhancement of Methane Production from Cotton Stalk Using Different Pretreatment Techniques.” Scientific Reports 8 (3463): 1–9. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21413-x.
  • Zhang, W., X. Wang, W. Xing, R. Li, T. Yang, N. Yao, and D. Lv. 2021. “Links Between Synergistic Effects and Microbial Community Characteristics of Anaerobic co-Digestion of Food Waste, Cattle Manure and Corn Straw.” Bioresource Technology 329: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124919.
  • Zhao, Y., J. Yu, J. Liu, H. Yang, L. Gao, X. Yuan, Z.-J. Cui, and X. Wang. 2016. “Material and Microbial Changes During Corn Stalk Silage and Their Effects on Methane Fermentation.” Bioresource Technology 222: 89–99. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.113.
  • Zheng, Y., J. Zhao, F. Xu, and Y. Li. 2014. “Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Enhanced Biogas Production.” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 42: 35–53. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2014.01.001.
  • Zhong, C., C. Wang, F. Wang, H. Jia, P. Wei, and Y. Zhao. 2016. “Enhanced Biogas Production from Wheat Straw with the Application of Synergistic Microbial Consortium Pretreatment.” RSC Advances 6 (65): 60187–60195. doi:10.1039/C5RA27393E.
  • Zhong, W., Z. Zhang, Y. Luo, S. Sun, W. Qiao, and M. Xiao. 2011. “Effect of Biological Pretreatments in Enhancing Corn Straw Biogas Production.” Bioresource Technology 102 (24): 11177–11182. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.077.
  • Ziemiński, K., and M. Kowalska-Wentel. 2015. “Effect of Enzymatic Pretreatment on Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sugar Beet Pulp Silage and Vinasse.” Bioresource Technology 180: 274–280. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.035.
  • Ziemiński, K., I. Romanowska, and M. Kowalska. 2012. “Enzymatic Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Wastes to Improve Biogas Production.” Waste Management 32 (6): 1131–1137. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.01.016.
  • Zou, Y., F. Du, Q. Hu, X. Yuan, D. Dai, and M. Zhu. 2020. “Integration of Pleurotus tuoliensis Cultivation and Biogas Production for Utilization of Lignocellulosic Biomass as Well as its Benefit Evaluation.” Bioresource Technology 317: 124042. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124042.
  • Zuhri, M., S. Sapuan, and N. Ismail. 2009. “Oil Palm Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review.” Progress in Rubber Plastics and Recycling Technology 25 (4): 233–246. doi:10.1177/147776060902500403.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.