References
- Stasi C, Silvestri C, Voller F. Update on hepatitis c epidemiology: unaware and untreated infected population could be the key to elimination. Sn Compr Clin Med. 2020 Oct;18:1–8.
- Karageorgopoulos DE, Allen J, Bhagani S. Hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus co-infected individuals: is this still a “special population”? World J Hepatol. 2015 Jul 28;7(15):1936–1952.
- Falade-Nwulia O, Sulkowski MS, Merkow A, et al. Understanding and addressing hepatitis C reinfection in the oral direct-acting antiviral era. J Viral Hepat. 2018 Mar;25(3):220–227.
- Egyptian National AIDS Programme, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The global aids response progress report 25 July 2021. Available from:http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ce_EG_Narrative_Report%5B1%5D.pdf
- FHI360, Egyptian Ministry of Health. Egyptian national aids program, the behavioural biological surveillance survey egypt 25 July 2021. Available from:http://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/BBSS%202010_0.pdf.
- Gumie MA, Gad SA, Elgayar AA. Prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Co-infection among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/AIDS). Egypt J Hosp Med. 2019 Oct 1;77(1):4810–4814.
- Mohamed R, Cordie A, Elsharkawy A, et al. Incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among people living with HIV (PLHIV): an Egyptian Cohort Study. Hiv Medicine. Vol. 20. NJ: USA WILEY; 2019 Nov 1. 252.
- WHO. Combating hepatitis B and C to reach elimination by 2030 [Internet]. [cited 2020 Sep 26]. Available from: https://www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/hep-elimination-by-2030-brief/en
- Marsh K, Eaton JW, Mahy M, et al. Global, regional and country-level 90- 90-90estimates for 2018: assessing progress towards the 2020 target. AIDS Lond Engl. 2019 15; 33(Suppl 3):S213–26.
- Soriano V, Labarga P, Fernandez-Montero JV, et al. Drug interactions in HIV-infected patients treated for hepatitis C. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2017 Aug;13(8):807–816
- Ciesla JA, Roberts JE. Meta-analysis of the relationship between HIV infection and risk for depressive disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2001 May;158(5):725–730.
- Rueda S, Mitra S, Chen S, et al. Examining the associations between HIV-related stigma and health outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS: a series of meta-analyses. BMJ Open. 2016 Jul 13;6(7):e011453–e011453.
- The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS(UNAIDS). Country progress report – egypt. Global AIDS Monitoring; 2019 1 July 2021. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/EGY_2019_countryreport.pdf
- Esmat G, Elbaz T, Elsharkawy A, et al. Emerging from the screening of 57 million citizens and treating 4 million patients: future strategies to eliminate hepatitis C from Egypt. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020 Apr;26:1–6.
- El-Akel W, El-Sayed MH, El Kassas M, et al. National treatment programme of hepatitis C in Egypt: hepatitis C virus model of care. J Viral Hepat. 2017;24(4):262–267.
- El-Garem H, AbdAllah M, Omar H, et al. DAAs therapy associated with improved hepatic fibrosis in HCV-GT4 patients co-infected with HIV. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Jul;13(7):693–698.
- Lazarus JV, Safreed-Harmon K, Thursz MR, et al. The Micro-Elimination Approach to Eliminating Hepatitis C: strategic and Operational Considerations. Semin Liver Dis. 2018;38(3):181–192.
- Liu C-H, and Kao J-H. Last Mile to Microelimination of HCV Infection among People Living with HIV. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2020 73(7) :e2172-e2174 doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1499. PMID: 33005954. Oct 1;
- Berenguer J, Rodríguez E, Miralles P, et al. Sustained virological response to interferon plus ribavirin reduces non-liver-related mortality in patients coinfected with HIV and Hepatitis C virus. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2012 Sep;55(5):728–736.
- Omar H, El Akel W, Elbaz T, et al. Generic daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, in treatment of chronic hepatitis C: real-world results from 18 378 patients in Egypt. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;47(3):421–431.
- Wyles DL, Ruane PJ, Sulkowski MS, et al. Daclatasvir plus Sofosbuvir for HCV in Patients Coinfected with HIV-1. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 21;373(8):714–725.
- Wyles D, Dvory-Sobol H, Svarovskaia ES, et al. Post-treatment resistance analysis of hepatitis C virus from phase II and III clinical trials of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. J Hepatol. 2017;66(4):703–710.
- Milazzo L, Lai A, Calvi E, et al. Direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected and HCV/HIV-coinfected patients: real-life safety and efficacy. HIV Med. 2017;18(4):284–291.
- Graham CS, Baden LR, Yu E, et al. Influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the course of hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2001 Aug 15;33(4):562–569.
- Waked I, Esmat G, Elsharkawy A, et al. Screening and Treatment Program to Eliminate Hepatitis C in Egypt. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 18;382(12):1166–1174.
- Shawky S, Soliman C, Kassak KM, et al. HIV Surveillance and epidemic profile in the middle east and north africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999. 2009 Jul 1;51(Suppl 3):S83–95.
- Gökengin D, Doroudi F, Tohme J, et al. HIV/AIDS: trends in the middle east and north africa region. Int J Infect Dis IJID Off Publ Int Soc Infect Dis. 2016 Mar;44:66–73.
- Tapp C, Milloy M-J, Kerr T, et al. Female gender predicts lower access and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a setting of free healthcare. BMC Infect Dis. 2011 Apr 11;1:86.
- Berg KM, Demas PA, Howard AA, et al. Gender differences in factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy. J Gen Intern Med. 2004 Nov;19(11):1111–1117.
- Pettifor AE, Levandowski BA, MacPhail C, et al. Keep them in school: the importance of education as a protective factor against HIV infection among young South African women. Int J Epidemiol. 2008 Dec;37(6):1266–1273.
- Omran D, Alboraie M, Zayed RA, et al. Towards hepatitis C virus elimination: egyptian experience, achievements and limitations. World J Gastroenterol. 2018 Oct 14;24(38):4330–4340.
- Vance MA. Conflicting Views in Narratives on HIV Transmission via Medical Care. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2019 Jan 15 [cited 2020 Dec 13]:18. Internet]. [];. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6748459
- WHO. EMRO | HIV in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region | about | AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases [Internet]. [cited 2020 Dec 12]. Available from: http://www.emro.who.int/asd/about/hiv-situation-region.html
- Patel SV, Jayaweera DT, Althoff KN, et al. Real-world efficacy of direct acting antiviral therapies in patients with HIV/HCV. PLoS ONE Internet]. 2020 Feb 13 [cited 2020 Dec 13];15(2):(2).
- Cordie A, El-Kotamy M, Esmat G. Antiretroviral therapy optimisation in the time of COVID-19: is it really different in North and South Africa? South Afr J HIV Med. Internet]. 2020 Jul 30 [cited 2020 Aug 29];21(1). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7433226
- WHO. Update of recommendations on first- and second-line antiretroviral regimens [Internet]. [cited 2020 Dec 13]. Available from: https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/arv/arv-update-2019-policy/en
- Cordie A, Elsharkawy A, Abdel Alem S, et al. Sustained virologic response and changes in liver fibrosis parameters following 12-wk administration of generic sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with HCV genotype 4 infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2020 Apr 8;114(4):232–240.
- Garimella T, You X, Wang R, et al. A Review of Daclatasvir Drug-Drug Interactions. Adv Ther. 2016;33(11):1867–1884.
- Mekonnen N, Abdulkadir M, Shumetie E, et al. Incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among HIV infected adults after initiation of first line anti-retroviral therapy at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized Hospital Northwest Ethiopia, 2018: retrospective follow up study. BMC Res Notes. Internet]. 2019 Feb 28 [cited 2019 Jan 12];14:12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6396485/
- Geng EH, Bangsberg DR, Musinguzi N, et al. Understanding reasons for and outcomes of patients lost to follow-up in antiretroviral therapy programs in africa through a sampling-based approach. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999. 2010 Mar;53(3):405–411.
- Backus LI, Boothroyd D, Deyton LR. HIV, hepatitis C and HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection in vulnerable populations. AIDS Lond Engl. 2005 Oct;19(Suppl 3):S13–19.
- Mendes LC, Ralla SM, and Vigani AG. Loss to follow-up in anti-HCV-positive patients in a Brazilian regional outpatient clinic. Braz J Med Biol Res. Internet]. 2016;49 25 June 2021. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2016001000702&nrm=iso
- Nguyen NTP, Tran BX, Hwang LY, et al. Effects of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive patients in Vietnam. AIDS Care. 2016;28(3):359–364.
- Skaathun B, Borquez A, Rivero-Juarez A, et al. What is needed to achieve HCV microelimination among HIV-infected populations in Andalusia, Spain: a modeling analysis. BMC Infect Dis. Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 12];20:20.
- Busschots D, Toghanian S, Bielen R, et al. Eliminating viral hepatitis C in Belgium: the micro-elimination approach. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020 Feb 27 [cited 2020 Dec 12];20 (1):20.
- Byrne C, Robinson E, Rae N, et al. Toward microelimination of hepatitis C and HIV coinfection in NHS Tayside, Scotland: real-world outcomes. Health Sci Rep. Internet]. 2020 Oct 5 [cited 2020 Dec 12];3(4). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7534516
- Martinello M, Yee J, Bartlett SR, et al. Moving Towards Hepatitis C Microelimination Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Australia: the CEASE Study. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2020 Sep 12;71(6):1502–1510.
- Martinello M, Hajarizadeh B, Grebely J, et al. Reinfection Among People With HIV/HCV Coinfection and People Who Inject Drugs. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2017;14(3):110–121.