Psychiatric inpatients' experiences with restraint

REFERENCES

• American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Nurses Association, National Association of Psychiatric Health Systems 2003 Learning from each other. Success stories and ideas for reducing restraint/seclusion in behavioural health Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association
   Google Scholar
• Betemps , EJ , Somoza , E and Buncher , CR . 1993 . Hospital characteristics, diagnoses, and staff reasons associated with use of seclusion and restraint . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 44 : 367 – 71 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Binder , R and McCoy , S . 1983 . A study of patients' attitudes toward placement in seclusion . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 34 : 1052 – 54 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brase Smith , S . 1995 . Restraint: Retraumatisation for rape victims’? . Journal of Psychosocial Nursing , 33 : 23 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Busch , AB and Shore , MF . 2000 . Seclusion and restraint: A review of recent literature . Harvard Review of Psychiatry , 8 : 261 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmel , H and Hunter , M . 1989 . Staff injuries from inpatient violence . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 40 : 41 – 46 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carpenter , MD , Hannon , VR , McCleery , G and Wanderling , JA . 1988 . Variations in seclusion and restraint practices by hospital location . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 39 : 418 – 23 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chamberlin , J . 1985 . An ex-patient's response to Soliday . Journal of Nervous and mental disease , 173 : 288 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , AJ and Mendonca , JD . 1991 . A prospective study of patient assaults on nurses in a provincial psychiatric hospital in Canada . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 84 : 163 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw , WB and Francis , PS . 1995 . A national survey on seclusion and restraint in state psychiatric hospitals . Psychiatric Services , 46 : 1026 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw , WB , Cain , KA and Francis , PS . 1997 . An updated national survey on restraint and seclusion . Psychiatric Services , 48 : 395 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currier , GW and Allen , MH . 2000 . Emergency psychiatry: physical and chemical restraint in the psychiatric emergency service . Psychiatric Services , 51 : 717 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher , W . 1994 . Restraint and seclusion: A review of the literature . American Journal of Psychiatry , 151 : 1584 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallop , R , McCay , E , Guha , M and Khan , P . 1999 . The experience of hospitalization and restraint of women with a history of childhood sexual abuse . Health Care for Women International , 20 : 401 – 16 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gerlock , A and Solomons , HC . 1983 . Factors associated with the seclusion of psychiatric patients . Perspectives in Psychiatric Care , 21 : 46 – 53 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glaser BG 1978 Theorectical sensitivity: Advances in the methodology of grounded theory Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press
   Google Scholar
• Glaser BG Strauss AL 1967 The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research Chicago: Aldine
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg , WM , Moore-Ducan , L and Herron , R . 1996 . Patients' attitudes toward having been forcibly medicated . Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law , 24 : 513 – 24 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris , GT , Rice , ME and Preston , DL . 1989 . Staff and patient perceptions of the least restrictive alternatives for the short-term control of disturbed behavior . Journal of Psychiatry and Law , 17 : 239 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Hem , E , Steen , O and Opjordsmoen , S . 2001 . Thrombosis associated with physical restraint . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 103 : 73 – 5 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Høyer G Dalgard OS 2002 Lærebok i rettspsykiatri (Manual in forensic psychiatry) Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag
   Google Scholar
• Høyer , G , Kjellin , L , Engberg , M , Kaltiala-Heino , R , Nilstun , T , Sigurjonsdottir , M and Syse , A . 2002 . Paternalism and autonomy: a presentation of a Nordic study on the use of coercion in the mental health care system . International Journal of Law and Psychiatry , 25 : 93 – 108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joanna Briggs Institute . 2002 . Physical restraint – part 1. Use in acute and residential care facilities . Best Practice , 6 ( 3 ) : 1 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , ME . 1998 . Being restrained: A study of power and powerlessness . Issues in Mental Health Nursing , 19 : 191 – 206 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaltiala-Heino , R , Korkeila , J , Tuohimäki , C , Touri , T and Lethinen , V . 2000 . Coercion and restrictions in psychiatric inpatient treatment . European Psychiatry , 15 : 213 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klinge , V . 1994 . Staff opinions about seclusion and restraint at a state forensic hospital . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 45 : 138 – 41 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kostecka , M and Zardecka , M . 1999 . The use of physical restraint in polish psychiatric hospitals in 1989 and 1996 . Psychiatric Services , 50 : 1637 – 8 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kozub , ML and Skidmore , R . 2001 . Least to most restrictive interventions . Journal of Psychosocial Nursing , 39 : 32 – 38 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kvale S 1996 Interviews. An introduction to qualitative research interviewing Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
   Google Scholar
• Malterud , K . 2001 . The art and science of clinical knowledge: evidence beyond measures and numbers . Lancet , 358 : 397 – 400 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonnell , A . 1996 . Phasing out seclusion through staff training and support . Nursing Times , 92 : 43 – 44 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLeod J 2001 Qualitative research in counselling and psychotherapy London: Sage
   Google Scholar
• Mohr , WK , Mahon , MM and Noone , M . 1998 . A restraint on restraint: The need to reconsider the use of restrictive interventions . Archives of Psychiatric Nursing , 12 : 95 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morales , E and Dupharne , PL . 1995 . Least restrictive measures: Alternatives to four point restraints and seclusion . Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services , 33 : 13 – 16 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morrison , EF . 1990 . A typology of violent psychiatric patients in a public hospital . Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice , 4 : 65 – 82 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Brien , AJ and Golding , CG . 2003 . Coercion in mental healthcare: the principle of least coercive care . Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing , 10 : 167 – 73 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olofsson B 2000 Use of coercion in psychiatric care as narrated by patients, nurses and physicians Umeå University Medical Dissertation No 655, Umeå, Sweden: Umeå University
   Google Scholar
• Outlaw , FH and Lowery , BJ . 1994 . An attributional study of seclusion and restraint of psychiatric patients . Archives of Psychiatric Nursing , 8 : 69 – 77 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rapp , MS . 1987 . Chemical restraint . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 32 : 20 – 21 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ray , NK and Rappaport , ME . 1995 . Use of restraint and seclusion in psychiatric settings in New York State . Psychiatric Services , 46 : 1032 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray , NK , Myers , KJ and Rappaport , ME . 1996 . Patients' perspectives on restraint and seclusion experiences: A survey of former patients of New York State psychiatric facilities . Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal , 20 : 11 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagduyu , K , Hornstra , RK , Munro , S and Bruce-Wolfe , V . 1995 . A comparison of the restraint and seclusion experiences of people with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders . Missouri Medicine , 92 : 303 – 7 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sailas E Fenton M 2003 Seclusion and restraint for people with serious mental illnesses (Cochrane Review) In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2003, Oxford: Update Software
   Google Scholar
• Sheline , Y and Nelson , N . 1993 . Patient choice: Deciding between psychotropic medication and physical restraint in an emergency . Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law , 21 : 321 – 9 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sheridan , M , Hension , R , Robinson , L and Baxter , V . 1990 . Precipitants of violence in a psychiatric inpatient setting . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 41 : 776 – 80 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soliday , SM . 1985 . A comparison of patient and staff attitudes toward seclusion . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 173 : 282 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloff , PH , Gutheil , TG and Wexler , DB . 1985 . Seclusion and restraint in 1985: A review and update . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 36 : 652 – 7 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steele , RL . 1993 . Staff attitudes toward seclusion and restraint: Anything new? . Perspectives in Psychiatric Care , 29 : 23 – 28 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stender , AK , Hertel , CM , Poulsen , P , Hansen , HS , Simonsen , C and Kørner , EA . 1997 . Patienters vurdering af tvang på psykiatrisk afdeling (Patients' evaluation of coercion in psychiatric departments) . Ugeskrift Læger , 159 : 3947 – 50 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stilling , LS . 1992 . The pros and cons of physical restraint and behaviour controls . Journal of Psychosocial Nursing , 30 : 18 – 20 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strauss A Corbin J 1990 Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques London: Sage
   Google Scholar
• Wadeson , H and Carpenter , W . 1976 . Impact of the seclusion room experience . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 163 : 318 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Way , BB and Banks , SM . 1990 . Use of seclusion and restraint in public psychiatric hospitals: patient characteristics and facility effects . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 41 : 75 – 81 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weiss E 1998 Deadly restraint: a nationwide pattern of death Hartford Courant. October 11, 1998. http://courant.ctnow.com/projects/restraint
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization 1992 International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 10th ed Geneva: World Health Organization
   Google Scholar
• Wynn , R . 2002 . Medicate, restrain or seclude? Strategies for dealing with violent and threatening behaviour in a Norwegian university psychiatric hospital . Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences , 16 : 287 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wynn , R . 2003a . Staff's attitudes to the use of restraint and seclusion in a Norwegian university psychiatric hospital . Nordic Journal of Psychiatry , 57 : 453 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wynn , R . 2003b . Staff's choice of formal and informal coercive interventions in psychiatric emergencies . International Journal of Forensic Mental Health , 2 : 157 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Wynn R 2003c Kvalitativ forskning og kunnskapsutvikling om schizofreni (Qualitative research and the development of knowledge about schizophrenia) September 1, 2003. http://www.schizofreniforum.org
   Google Scholar
• Wynn , R and Bratlid , T . 1998 . Staff's experiences with patients' assaults in a Norwegian psychiatric university hospital . Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences , 12 : 89 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar