A review of existing transliteration approaches and methods

References

• Abdul Jaleel, N., & Larkey, L. S. (2003). Statistical transliteration for English-Arabic cross language information retrieval. Proceedings of the Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (pp. 139–146).
   Google Scholar
• Al-Azami, S., Kenner, C., Ruby, M., & Gregory, E. (2010). Transliteration as a bridge to education for bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingual Education & Bilingualism, 13(6), 683–700. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050903406335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Khatib, M. A., & Sabbah, E. H. (1999). Language choice in mobile text messages among Jordanian University students. SKY Journal of Linguistics, 12, 37–64.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Onaizan, Y., & Knight, K. (2002). Translating named entities using monolingual and bilingual resources. Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), Philadelphia (pp. 400–408).
   Google Scholar
• Al Jumaily, A. S. (2019). Transliteration feasibility as a means of communication between Arab expatriates and their progeny abroad. World Journal of Education and Humanities, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22158/wjeh.v1n1p1
   Google Scholar
• Bilac, S., & Tanaka, H. (2005). Direct combination of spelling and pronunciation information for robust back-transliteration. Proceedings of the Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing (pp. 413–424).
   Google Scholar
• Brown, P. F., Della Pietra, V. J., Della Pietra, S. A., & Mercer, R. L. (1993). The mathematics of statistical machine translation: Parameter estimation. Computional Linguistics, 19(2), 263–311.
   Google Scholar
• Buckwalter, T. (1990). Arabic transliteration. Unicode value and unicode name. www.qamus.org/transliteration.htm
   Google Scholar
• Chen, H. H., Huang, S. J., Ding, Y. W., & Tsai, S. C. (1998). Proper name translation in crosslanguage information retrieval. Proceedings of 17th COLING and 36th ACL (pp. 232–236).
   Google Scholar
• Covington, M. A. (1996). An algorithm to align words for historical comparison. Computational Linguistics, 22(4), 481–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crystal, D. (1991). The Cambridge encyclopedia of language. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dagan, I., Church, K. W., & Gale, W. A. (1993). Robust bilingual word alignment for machine aided translation. Proceedings of the Workshop on Very Large Corpora: Academic and Industrial Perspectives (pp. 1–8).
   Google Scholar
• Dan Melamed, I. (1996). Automatic construction of clean broad coverage translation lexicons. Proceedings of the 2nd Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA96) (pp. 125–134).
   Google Scholar
• Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1977). Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 39(1), 1–38.
   Google Scholar
• Dimitropoulou, M., Duñabeitia, J. A., & Carreiras, M. (2011). Transliteration and transcription effects in bi-scriptal readers: The case of greeklish. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 18(4), 729–735. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-011-0095-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Divay, M., & Vitale, A. J. (1997). Algorithms for grapheme-phoneme translation for English and French: Applications. Computational Linguistics, 23(4), 495–524.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujii, A., & Tetsuya, I. (2001). Japanese/English cross-language information retrieval: Exploration of query translation and transliteration. Computers and the Humanities, 35(4), 389–420. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011856202986
   Google Scholar
• Gadd, T. (1990). Phonix: The algorithm. Program, 24(4), 363–366. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb047069
   Google Scholar
• Gao, W., Wong, K.-F., & Lam, W. (2004). Improving transliteration with precise alignment of phoneme chunks and using contextual features. Asia Information Retrieval Symposium (pp. 106–117).
   Google Scholar
• Goto, I., Kato, N., Ehara, T., & Tanaka, H. (2004). Back transliteration from Japanese to English using target English context. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING’04, Article No. 827.
   Google Scholar
• Habash, N., Soudi, A., & Buckwalter, T. (2007). On Arabic transliteration Arabic computational morphology. In A. Soudi, A. van den Bosch, & G. Neumann (Eds.), Text, speech and language technology (Vol. 38, pp. 15–22). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Halai, N. (2007). Making use of bilingual interview data: Some expressions from the field. Qualitative Research Report, 12(3), 344–355.
   Google Scholar
• Handel, Z. (2016). Learn to read Korean: An introduction to the hangul alphabet. Proceedings of IPAC2016, Busan, Korea (pp. 3207–3212).
   Google Scholar
• Hou, S. M. (2010). Hanyu Pinyin Pronunciation Guide, Version: 11/19/ (p. 1).
   Google Scholar
• ISO 233. (1984). Documentation – Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters. www.iso.org/standard/4117.html
   Google Scholar
• Jeong, K. S., Myaeng, S. H., Lee, J. S., & Choi, K.-S. (1999). Automatic identification and back-transliteration of foreign words for information retrieval. Information Processing and Management, 35(4), 523–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4573(98)00055-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, S. Y., Hong, S. L., & Paek, E. (2000). An English to Korean transliteration model of extended Markov window. Proceedings of the Conference on Computational linguistics (pp. 383–389).
   Google Scholar
• Kang, B.-J., & Choi, K.-S. (2000). Automatic Transliteration and back-transliteration by decision tree learning. International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (pp. 1135–1411).
   Google Scholar
• Kang, B. J., & Choi, K. S. (2001). Two approaches for the resolution of word mismatch problem caused by English words and foreign words in Korean information retrieval. International Journal of Computer Processing of Oriental Languages, 14(2), 109–131. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219427901000321
   Google Scholar
• Karimi, S., Turpin, A., & Scholer, F. (2006a). Collapsed consonant and vowel models: New approaches for English-Persian transliteration and back-transliteration. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics (pp. 648–655).
   Google Scholar
• Karimi, S., Turpin, A., & Scholer, F. (2006b). English to Persian transliteration. Proceedings of the 13th international conference on String Processing and Information Retrieval (pp. 255–266).
   Google Scholar
• Kashani M. M. (2007). Automatic transliteration from Arabic to English and its impact on machine translation [(Computing Science) Thesis (MSc)]. Simon Fraser University (pp. 7–8). http://summit.sfu.ca/item/8316
   Google Scholar
• Kaur, K., & Singh, P. (2014). Review of machine transliteration techniques. International Journal of Computer Applications, 107(20), 2–3. https://doi.org/10.5120/18866-0061
   Google Scholar
• Kenneth, B. (1998). Romanization, transcription and transliteration. www.xrce.xerox.com/competencies/content-analysis/arabic/info/romanization.html
   Google Scholar
• Klementiev, A., & Roth, D. (2006). Weakly supervised named entity transliteration and discovery from multilingual comparable corpora. Association for Computational Linguistics (pp. 817–824).
   Google Scholar
• Knight, K., & Jonathan, G. (1998). Machine transliteration. Computational Linguistics, 24(4), 599–612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupiec, J. (1993). An algorithm for finding noun phrase correspondences in bilingual corpora. Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) (pp. 17–22).
   Google Scholar
• Lagally, K. (2015). ArabTeX: A System for Typesetting Arabic (pp. 4–5).
   Google Scholar
• Lee, C. (2015). Multilingual resources and practices in digital communication. In A. Georgakopoulou & T. Spilioti (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of language and digital communication (pp. 118–132). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, C.-J., Chang, J. S., & Jang, J.-S. R. (2006). Extraction of transliteration pairs from parallel corpora using a statistical transliteration model. Information Sciences, 176(1), 67–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2004.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. S., & Choi, K. S. (1997). A statistical method to generate various foreign word transliterations in multilingual information retrieval system. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Information Retrieval with Asian languages (IRAL97) (pp. 123–128).
   Google Scholar
• Lehmann, W. P. (1992). An introduction. In W. P. Lehmann (Ed.), Historical linguistics (3rd ed., pp. 46–64). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Li, H., Zhang, M., & Su, J. (2004). A joint source channel model for machine transliteration. Association for Computational Linguistics (pp. 159–166).
   Google Scholar
• Lin, W. H., & Chen, H. H. (2002). Backward transliteration by learning phonetic similarity. Proceedings of CoNLL-2002, Sixth Conference on Natural Language Learning (pp. 139–145).
   Google Scholar
• Malik, A., Besacier, L., Boitet, C., & Bhattacharyya, P. (2009, August 7). A hybrid model for Urdu Hindi transliteration. Proceedings of the 2009 Named Entities Workshop, ACL-IJCNLP, Suntec, Singapore (pp. 177–178).
   Google Scholar
• Mammadzada, S. (2020). The challenges of Azerbaijani transliteration on the multilingual internet. International Journal of Translation, Interpretation, and Applied Linguistics. IGI Global, 2(1), 59.
   Google Scholar
• Nida, E., & Taber, C. (1969). The theory and practice of translation. EJ Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Och, F. J., & Ney, H. (2003). A systematic comparison of various statistical alignment models. Computational Linguistics, 29(1), 19–51. https://doi.org/10.1162/089120103321337421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh, J. H., & Choi, K. S. (2002). An English–Korean transliteration model using pronunciation and contextual rules. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING) (pp. 758–764).
   Google Scholar
• Robertson, A. M., & Willett, P. (1998). Applications of n-grams in textual information systems. Journal of Documentation, 54(1), 48–67. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000007161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smadja, F. Z., McKeown, K., & Hatzivassiloglou, V. (1996). Translating collocations for bilingual lexicons: A statistical approach. Computational Linguistics, 22(1), 1–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalls, B. G., & Knight, K. (1998). Translating names and technical terms in Arabic text. Proceedings of the COLING/ACL Workshop on Computational Approaches to Semitic Languages (pp. 34–41).
   Google Scholar
• Toivonen, J., Pirkola, A., Keskustalo, H., Visala, K., & Jarvelin, K. (2005). Translating cross-lingual spelling variants using transformation rules. Information Processing and Management, 41(4), 859–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2004.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuji, K. (2002). Automatic extraction of translational Japanese-KATAKANA and English word pairs from bilingual corpora. International Journal of Computer Processing of Oriental Languages, 15(3), 261–227. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219427902000649
   Google Scholar
• Van den Bosch A. (1997). Learning to pronounce written words: A study in inductive language learning [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maastricht, Uitgeverij Phidippides, Cadier en Keer, the Netherlands (p. 229). https://silo.tips/download/learning-to-pronounce-written-words-a-study-in-inductive-language-learning-antal
   Google Scholar
• Virga, P., & Khudanpur, S. (2003). Transliteration of roper names in cross-language applications. Proceedings of ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development on Information Retrieval (pp. 365–366).
   Google Scholar
• Wan, S., & Verspoor, C. M. (1998). Automatic English–Chinese name transliteration for development of multilingual resources. Proceedings of 17th COLING and 36th ACL (pp. 1352–1356).
   Google Scholar
• Warschauer, M., El Said, G. R., & Zohry, A. A. (2007). ‘Language choice online: Globalization and identity in Egypt’, The multilingual internet: Language, culture, and communication online (pp. 303–318). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wikipedia Contributors. (2006, June 19). Arabic transliteration. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_transliteration
   Google Scholar
• Wu, D., & Xia, X. (1994). Learning an English–Chinese lexicon from a parallel corpus. Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA) (pp. 206–213).
   Google Scholar
• Yamada, Y., & Leong, C. K. (2005). Dissociation of reading and writing romanized Japanese by Japanese college students. Reading and Writing, 18(4), 303–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-005-3356-y
   Google Scholar
• Zelenko, D., & Aone, C. (2006). Discriminative methods for transliteration. Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (pp. 612–617).
   Google Scholar
• Zhelka, C. (2012). Проблема реализации транслитерации с русской кириллицы на хорватскую латиницу (The problem of transliteration from Russian Cyrillic to Croatian Latin). Язык. Словесность. Культура (Language. Literature. Culture) (pp. 84–97).
   Google Scholar
• Zobel, J., & Dart, P. (1996). Phonetic string matching: Lessons from information retrieval. Proceedings of the 19th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (pp. 166–172).
   Google Scholar