Integrating protected areas into climate planning

References

• Anderson, M., and C.E. Ferree. 2010. Conserving the stage: climate change and the geophysical underpinnings of species diversity. PLoS ONE 5: e11554
   Google Scholar
• Andries , JM , Ryan , P and Walker , B . 2006 . Loss of resilience, crisis, and institutional change: lessons from an intensive agricultural system in southeastern Australia . Ecosystems , 9 : 865 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Beier , B and Brost , B . 2010 . Use of land facets to plan for climate change: conserving the arenas, not the actors . Conservation Biology , 24 : 701 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks , TM , Bakarr , MI , Boucher , T , Da Fonseca , GAB , Hilton-Taylor , C , Hoekstra , JM Moritz , T . 2004 . Coverage provided by the global protected-area system: is it enough? . BioScience , 54 : 1081 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruner , A , Gullison , RE and Balmford , A . 2004 . Financial costs and shortfalls of managing and expanding protected area systems in developing countries . BioScience , 54 : 1119 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, A., L. Miles. I. Lysenko, A. Hughes, and H. Gibbs. 2008. Carbon storage in protected areas. Technical report. Cambridge, UK: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 54 pp
   Google Scholar
• CBD. See Convention on Biological Diversity
   Google Scholar
• Contamin , R and Ellison , AM . 2009 . Indicators of regime shifts in ecological systems: what do we need to know and when do we need to know it? . Ecological Applications , 19 : 799 – 816 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Convention on Biological Diversity. 2010. 2011–2020 Strategic Plan, Convention on Biological Diversity. Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. http://www.cbd.int/ (accessed January 20, 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Convention on Biological Diversity. 2011a. Carbon calculator. Montreal: Convention on Biological Diversity. http://www.cbd.int/lifeweb/carbon/ (accessed January 20, 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Convention on Biological Diversity. 2011b. Protected area tools database. Montreal: Convention on Biological Diversity. http://www.cbd.int/protected/tools (accessed January 20, 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Costanza , R , Pérez-Maqueo , O , Martinez , ML , Sutton , P , Anderson , SJ and Mulder , K . 2008 . The value of coastal wetlands for hurricane protection . Ambio , 37 : 241 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudley, N. and S. Stolton. 2007. Running pure: the importance of forest protected areas to drinking water. Gland, Switzerland: World Wide Fund for Nature
   Google Scholar
• Dudley, N. and S. Stolton. 2008. Food stores: using protected areas to secure crop genetic diversity. Arguments for Protection Series. Gland, Switzerland: World Wide Fund for Nature
   Google Scholar
• Dudley , N , Stolton , S , Belokurov , A , Krueger , L , Lopoukhine , N , MacKinnon , K , Sandwith , T and Sekhran , N . 2010 . Natural solutions: protected areas helping people cope with climate change , Gland, Switzerland, Washington DC and New York : IUCN-WCPA, TNC, UNDP, WCS, The World Bank and WWF .
   Google Scholar
• Egoh , BN , Reyers , B , Carwardine , J , Bode , M , O’Farrell , PJ , Wilson , KA , Possingham , HP , Rouget , M , De Lange , W and Cowling , RM . 2010 . Safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services: trade-offs and synergies in the Little Karoo, South Africa . Conservation Biology , 24 : 1021 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ervin, J. 2003. Rapid assessment and prioritization of protected area management (RAPPAM). Gland, Switzerland: WWF International. 56 pp
   Google Scholar
• Ervin, J., J. Mulongoy, K. Lawrence, E. Game, D. Sheppard, P. Bridgewater, G. Bennett, S. Gidda, and P. Bos. 2009. Making protected areas relevant: a guide to integrating protected areas within wider landscapes, seascapes and sectoral plans and strategies. Technical Series #44. Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
   Google Scholar
• Ervin , J , Sekhran , N , Dinu , A , Gidda , S , Vergeichick , M and Mee , J . 2010 . Protected areas for the 21st century: lessons from UNDP/GEF's portfolio , New York : United Nations Development Fund and Montreal: Convention on Biological Diversity .
   Google Scholar
• Fischer , J , Lindenmayer , DB and Manning , AD . 2006 . Biodiversity, ecosystem function, and resilience: ten guiding principles for commodity production landscapes . Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , 4 : 80 – 6 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GEF. 2011. GEF online project database. http://www.thegef.org (accessed 20 January, 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Goodman, P.S. 2003. Management effectiveness assessment of protected areas in KwaZulu-Natal using WWF's RAPPAM methodology. Gland, Switzerland: WWF International
   Google Scholar
• Google. 2011. N-gram analysis of ‘protected areas’ and ‘climate change’ with a smoothing factor of 3. http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/graph?content=climate+change,protected+areas&year_start=1980&year_end=2010&corpus=0&smoothing=3
   Google Scholar
• Government of Sierra Leone. 2007. National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) – Final Report. Freetown: Sierra Leone Ministry of Transport and Aviation
   Google Scholar
• Gunderson , LH , Allen , CR and Hollings , CS . 2010 . Foundations of ecological resilience , Washington DC : Island Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , LJ . 2003 . Buying time: a user's manual for building resistance and resilience to climate change in natural systems , Berlin, , Germany : WWF Climate Change Program .
   Google Scholar
• Heino , J . 2009 . Climate change and freshwater biodiversity: detected patterns, future trends and adaptations in northern regions . Biological Reviews , 84 : 39 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heller , N and Zavaleta , E . 2009 . Biodiversity management in the face of climate change: a review of 22 years of recommendations . Biological Conservation , 142 : 14 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IUCN. 2009. In Proceedings of the Protected Areas and Climate Change Summit, November 16–19, in Granada, Spain. ed. Z. Wilkinson. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN
   Google Scholar
• Joppa L.N., and A. Pfaff. 2009. High and far: biases in the location of protected areas. PLoS ONE 4: e8273
   Google Scholar
• Keller , B . 2009 . Climate change, coral reef ecosystems, and management options for marine protected areas . Environmental Management , 44 : 1069 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeney , RL and McDaniels , TL . 2001 . A framework to guide thinking and analysis regarding climate change policies . Risk Analysis , 21 : 989 – 1000 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiesecker , JM , Copeland , H , Pocewicz , A , Nibbelink , N , McKenney , B , Dahlke , J , Holloran , M and Stroud , D . 2009 . A framework for implementing biodiversity offsets . BioScience , 59 : 77 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langhammer, P.F., M.I. Bakarr, L.A. Bennun, T.M. Brooks, R.P. Clay, W. Darwall, N. De Silva, G.J. Edgar, et al. 2007. Identification and gap analysis of key biodiversity areas: targets for comprehensive protected area systems. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN
   Google Scholar
• Laurance , WF and Williamson , GB . 2001 . Positive feedbacks among forest fragmentation, drought, and climate change in the Amazon . Conservation Biology , 15 : 1529 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leverington, F., and M. Hockings. 2008. Management effectiveness evaluations – a global study. Queensland: University of Queensland
   Google Scholar
• Lipsett-Moore, G., E. Game, N. Peterson, E. Saxon, S. Sheppard, A. Allison, J. Michael, R. Singadan, J. Sabi, G. Kula, and R. Gwaibo. 2010. Interim national terrestrial conservation assessment for Papua New Guinea: protecting biodiversity in a changing climate. Pacific Island Countries Report No. 1/2010. 92 pp
   Google Scholar
• Makundi , WR . 1997 . Global climate change mitigation and sustainable forest management – The challenge of monitoring and verification . Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Climate Change , 2 : 133 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Margules , CR and Pressey , RL . 2000 . Systematic conservation planning . Nature , 405 : 243 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald , RI and Boucher , TM . 2011 . Global development and the future of the protected area strategy . Biological Conservation , 144 : 383 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McShane, T.O., P.D. Hirsch, T.C. Trung, A.N. Songorwa, A. Kinzig, B. Montefferi, D. Mutekanga, et al. 2011. Hard choices: making trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and human well-being. Biological Conservation. Forthcoming
   Google Scholar
• Natural Capital. 2010. The Ecovalue Project (www.ecovalue.uvm.edu), Casebase (www.eyes4earth.org/casebase) and InVEST – Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs. http://www.naturalcapitalproject.org (accessed January 20, 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Olson , D , O’Connell , M , Fang , Y , Burger , J and Rayburn , R . 2009 . Managing for climate change within protected area landscapes . Natural Areas Journal , 29 : 394 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Peck, S. 1999. Planning for biodiversity. Washington DC: Island Press
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, A. 2003. Turning ideas on their head: the new paradigm for protected areas. George Wright Forum. http://www.georgewright.org/202phillips.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Potter, K.M., W.W. Hargrove, and F.H. Koch. 2010. Predicting climate change extirpation risk for central and southern Appalachian forest tree species. In Proceedings of the conference on ecology and management of high-elevation forests of the central and southern Appalachian Mountains, May 14–15, 2009, in Snowshoe, West Virginia. eds. J. Rentch and E. Heitzman. Morgantown, West Virginia: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
   Google Scholar
• Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. 2004. Carnarvon National Park draft management plan. Queensland: Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service
   Google Scholar
• Raupach , MR and Canadell , JG . 2008 . Observing a vulnerable carbon cycle: the continental-scale greenhouse gas balance of Europe . Ecological Studies , 203 : 5 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Saxon , E . 2008 . Noah's parks: a partial antidote to the Anthropocene extinction event . Biodiversity , 9 : 5 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, E., N. Chetri, K. Tsering, A.B. Shrestha, F. Jing, P. Mool, and M. Eriksson. 2009. Climate change impacts and vulnerability in the eastern Himalayas. Kathmandu, Nepal: Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). 32 pp
   Google Scholar
• Soares-Filho, B., P. Moutinho, D. Nepstad, A. Anderson, H. Rodrigues, R. Garcia, L. Dietzsch, et al. 2010. Role of Brazilian Amazon protected areas in climate change mitigation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107: 10821–6
   Google Scholar
• Stolton , S and Dudley , N . 2010 . Arguments for protected areas , London : Earthscan .
   Google Scholar
• Swetnam , RD , Marshall , AD and Burgess , ND . 2010 . Valuing ecosystem services in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania . Bulletin of the British Ecological Society , 41 : 7 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , CD , Cameron , A , Green , RE , Bakkenes , M , Beaumont , LJ , Collingham , YC Erasmus , BFN . 2003 . Extinction risk from climate change . Nature , 427 : 145 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, I., ed. 2009. Forest resilience, biodiversity, and climate change: a synthesis of the biodiversity/resilience/stability relationship in forest ecosystems. Technical Series no. 43. Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. 67 pp
   Google Scholar
• Travis, J.M.J. 2003. Climate change and habitat destruction: a deadly anthropogenic cocktail. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270: 467–73
   Google Scholar
• Tu, M. 2008. Managing invasive species within protected areas: a quick guide for protected area practitioners. Quick Guide Series, ed. J. Ervin. Arlington, VA: The Nature Conservancy. 28 pp
   Google Scholar
• Tuetsky , M , Wieder , K , Halsey , L and Vitt , D . 2002 . Current disturbance and the diminishing peatlands carbon sink . Geophysical Research Letters , 29 : 21 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Turpie, J., G. Midgley, C. Brown, J. Barnes, J. Pallett, P. Desmet, J. Tarr, and P. Tarr. 2010. Climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessment for Namibia's biodiversity and protected area system. Windhoek: Ministry of Environment and Tourism. 272 pp
   Google Scholar
• UNEP. 2010. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: mainstreaming the economics of nature. A synthesis of the approach, conclusions and recommendations of TEEB. Nairobi: UNEP
   Google Scholar
• UNFCCC. 2010. http://unfccc.int/cooperation_support/least_developed_countries_portal/napa_priorities_database/items/4583.php (accessed 20 August, 2010)
   Google Scholar
• WCMC. 2011. World database on protected areas. Cambridge, UK: World Conservation Monitoring Centre. http://www.wdpa.org (accessed 20 January, 2011)
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2003. Climate change and human health – risks and responses. Geneva: World Health Organization. 38 pp
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2009. Convention solutions to an inconvenient truth: ecosystem-based approaches to climate change. Washington DC: World Bank
   Google Scholar