51. Hop (Humulus lupulus) – a bitter crop with sweet prospects

Recommended literature

• Almaguer, C., C. Schönberger, M. Gastl, E. K. Arendt, and T. Becker. 2014. “Humulus lupulus – A Story that Begs to be Told.” Journal of the Institute of Brewing 120: 289–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biendl, M., and C. Pinzl. 2013. Hops and Health: Uses, Effects, History. Wolnzach: German Hop Museum.
   Google Scholar
• Boutain, J. R. 2014. “On the Origin of Hops: Genetic Variability, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Ecological Plasticity of Humulus (Cannabaceae).” PhD thesis. Manoa: University of Hawaii. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/100298
   Google Scholar
• Burgess, A. A. 1964. Hops: Botany, Cultivation, and Utilization. New York: Interscience Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Chadwick, L. R., G. F. Pauli, and N. R. Farnsworth. 2006. “The Pharmacognosy of Humulus lupulus l. (Hops) with an Emphasis on Estrogenic Properties.” Phytomedicine 13: 119–131. 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.07.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeGrandi-Hoffman, G., F. Ahumada, G. Probasco, and L. Schantz. 2012. “The Effects of Beta Acids From Hops (Humulus lupulus) on Mortality of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae).” Experimental and Applied Acarology 58: 407–421. 10.1007/s10493-012-9593-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delyser, D. Y., and W. J. Kasper. 1994. “Hopped Beer: The Case for Cultivation.” Economic Botany 48: 166–170. 10.1007/BF02908210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckel, A., and D. Fritz. 1990. “Forcing of Hop Shoots as a Vegetable. 1. Comparison of Various Hop Cultivars.” Gartenbauwissenschaft 55: 34–36.
   Google Scholar
• Edwardson, J. R. 1952. “Hops—Their Botany, History, Production and Utilization.” Economic Botany 6: 160–175. 10.1007/BF02984875
   Google Scholar
• Faulkner, C. 1992. Hops and Hop-Pickers. Quarry Bank: Faulkner Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Filmer, R. 1982. Hops and Hop Picking. Aylesbury: Shire Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hampton, R., E. Small, and A. Haunold. 2001. “Habitat and Variability of Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides in Upper Midwestern North America: A Critical Source of American Hop Germplasm.” Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 128: 35–46. 10.2307/3088658
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haunold, A. 1993. “Agronomic and Quality Characteristics of Native North American Hops.” Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 51: 133–137.
   Google Scholar
• Kerner von Marilaun, A. 1894–1895. The Natural History of Plants; Their Forms, Growth, Reproduction, and Distribution. 4 vols. London: Blackie.
   Google Scholar
• Koetter, U., and M. Biendl. 2010. “Hops (Humulus lupulus): A Review of its Historic and Medicinal Uses.” HerbalGram 87: 44–57.
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence, M. 1990. The Encircling Hop: A History of Hops and Brewing. Sittingbourne: SAWD Books.
   Google Scholar
• Milligan, J., C. Kalita, A. Heyerick, H. Rong, L. De Cooman, and D. De Keukeleire. 1999. “Identification of a Potent Phytoestrogen in Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and Beer.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 83: 2249–2252.
   Google Scholar
• Moir, M. 2000. “Hops – A Millennium Review.” Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 58: 131–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami, A., P. Darby, B. Javornik, M. S. S. Pais, E. Seigner, A. Lutz, et al. 2006. “Microsatellite DNA Analysis of Wild Hops, Humulus lupulus L.” Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 53: 1553–1562. 10.1007/s10722-005-7765-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neve, R. A. 1991. Hops. London: Chapman and Hall. 10.1007/978-94-011-3106-3
   Google Scholar
• Neve, R. A. 1995. “Hops.” In Evolution of crop plants. 2nd ed, edited by J. Smartt, and N. W. Simmonds, 33–35. Burnt Mill: Longman Scientific & Technical.
   Google Scholar
• Reeves, P. A., and C. M. Richards. 2011. “Species Delimitatation Under the General Lineage Concept: an Empirical Example Using Wild North American Hops (Cannabaceae: Humulus lupulus).” Systematic Biology 60: 45–59. 10.1093/sysbio/syq056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpe, F. R. 1978. Chemistry and Technology of the Essential Oil of Hops. Nutfield: Brewing Research Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Small, E. 1978. “A Numerical and Nomenclatural Analysis of Morpho-Geographic Taxa of Humulus.” Systematic Botany 3: 37–76. 10.2307/2418532
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small, E. 1980. “The Relationships of Hop Cultivars and Wild Variants of Humulus lupulus.” Canadian Journal of Botany 58: 676–686. 10.1139/b80-086
   Google Scholar
• Small, E. 1981. “A Numerical Analysis of Morpho-geographic Groups of Cultivars of Humulus lupulus L. Based on Samples of Hops.” Canadian Journal of Botany 59: 311–324. 10.1139/b81-044
   Google Scholar
• Small, E. 1997. “Cannabaceae.” In Flora of North America. Vol. 3, edited by Flora North America Editorial Committee, 381–387. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Srinivasan, V., D. Goldberg, and G. J. Haas. 2004. “Contributions to the Antimicrobial Spectrum of Hop Constituents.” Economic Botany 58 (Suppl.): S230–S238. 10.1663/0013-0001(2004)58[S230:CTTASO]2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swinnen, J. F. M., ed. 2011. The Economics of Beer. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thomé, O. W. 1903–1905. Prof. Dr. Thomé’s Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Berlin-Lichterfelde: H.V. Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Van Cleemput, M., K. Cattoor, K. De Bosscher, G. Haegeman, D. De Keukeleire, and A. Heyerick. 2009. “Hop (Humulus lupulus)-derived Bitter Acids as Multipotent Bioactive Compounds.” Journal of Natural Products 72: 1220–1230. 10.1021/np800740m
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhagen, L. C. 1988. “Hop Analysis.” Modern Methods of Plant Analysis New Series 7: 67–87. 10.1007/978-3-642-83210-9
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2014. “Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2014.” http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/msb_gsr_2014_1.pdf?ua=1.
   Google Scholar
• Zanoli, P., and M. Zavatti. 2008. “Pharmacognostic and Pharmacological Profile of Humulus lupulus L.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 15: 383–396. 10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar